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NOTES

CHAPTER XVIII

i, Pappas, J. N., Berthirr's Journal dc Trc-
voux and the Philosophes, in.

2. Hclvetius, De TEsprit, Eng. translation,
414.

3. D'Alcnibcr;, AiSsngcs de littcraturc,
d'hissoire, et de philosophic (1759), in
Cassircr, Philosophy of the Enlighten-
ment, 3; Prankcl, Faith of Reason, 7-8.

4. In Wolf, 30.

j. Duclos, Considerations sur let vtoeurs,

6. Mornet, Origines intelltctucllet de la

Rtvoluiion fratifitise, 55.
7. /Wi.,54.

8. Taine, Ancient Regime, 388.

9. Ibid.

to. In Martin, K M Rise of French Liberal
Thought, in.

it.
u.
<3-

14.

•5-

16.

•7-

18.
19.

10.
2:.

32.

13-
14.

*5-
16.

»7-
28.

*9-
jo.

SI-
33-
34-
35-
36.
37-
38.
39-
40.
41.
41.
43-

44-
45-
46.

47-
48.
49.
50.

y-

n-

JT4-
55-

56.

57-
X 8.

39-
60.
61.
62.
63.

64.

Morloy, Diderot, f, 169.

Mornet, 52.

Mcslicr, Jean, Superstition in All Ages,

or Last Will and Testament, jo.

Ibid., Six. exxxv.

evil I.

i.xvi, clxxxii-iii, and clx,

a.x.

LI!.

11.

XXXII

\c.

CLX.

XI..

XII.

cxii.

CLXI.
OLIII.
CXLIX.
CLV.

Preface, p. 37.

CVII.
CXLI.

cum.

CLXI!.

Preface, pp. 42-43.

cciv.

Ibid.

CLV.

Preface, p. 41.

In Martin, K., 240.

I bid., 242.

241-41-

Hazard, European Thought hi the tSth

Century, 56.

La Mcmic, Man a Mtekine, 4.

Walt Whitman's formula for war

La Mcrtric, 99.

Ibid., 100.

91.

134.

128.

In Felloes and Torrey, Diderot Studies,

II, 30;.

/.W.,316.

La Mcrtric, 146.

Ibki.

Fellows and Torrey, Diderot Studies, II,

3.6.

La Mcttne, 103.

FeHtnys and Torrey, II, 307.

La Mcttnc, :jj.

Ibid., 129.

'49-

h\ Hazard, 128.

La Mcctrie, 92.

Martin, H., Histoirc de France, XV.

397-

La Mcttrie, 1 19; Lange, F. A., History of

Materialimt, ll,B6f,

THE ACE OF VOLTAIRE

«5. Parton, Lift of Voltaire, II, *j„
<S6V Desivoirc&tcrrcs, IV, 198-100.

CHAPTER XIX
1. Gockcr, L. G, Embattled Philosopher,

1. Ibid., 8.

3- 3 8 -

4. Diderot, Patsies philosophiques, in Fel-
lows and Torrey, Age of Enlighten-
ment, 264.

5. Crocker, 65.

6. Diderot, pewAf xxvt.

7. In Crocker, 68.

8. Wilson, A. M, Diderot: The Testing
years, 86.

9. Cru, R. L, Diderot as a Disciple of
English Thought, 189; Wilson, A. M„
90.

10. Diderot, Ltttxe sur tes oveugles, in
Oeuvres, 601.
/Wrf, 608.

631-31.

650.
617-22.

Crocker, 102-3.
Havens, Age of IdeM", 189.
Docker, 77.
Ibid., 83.
87.

Brunetiere, Evolution des genres dans
Phistoire de h Uttiraittre (Paris, 1890),
no, in Wilscn, Diderot, 169.
Diderot, an. "Encyclopedia."
Aldis, Madame Qcoffrrn, 91.
Hazard, 199.

Morley, Life of Voltaire, 198.
Fellows and Torrey, Age of Enlighten-
ment, 316; Lanfrcy, L'iglise et let phi-
losophes, 165.

Levy-Bruhl, History of Modern Philos-
ophy in France, 212.
Fellows and Torrey, 3 19.
Ibid,, j jo.

Ortega y Gasset, Toward a Philosophy
of History, 77.

Crocker, Embattled Philos., 133.
Lough, K, ed. The Encyclopedic: Se-
lected Articles, 6.

Papr . Verthiefs Journal dc Trevoux,
181-

jt.

12.

•3-
«4-
'J-
16.

»7-
18.
19.
ao.
ii.

22.

13-
24.

2J.

26.

»7-
2&.

*9-
30.

3«-
3*-

33-

34-
35-
36.

37-

,8.

Wilson,
Ibid., 163.

Sir **l

Wilson, 160.

Robertson, J. MU Short History
Fretthougbt, II, ajjj Wilson, 165.
Wilson, 169.

of

jo. Becker, C, Heavenly City, of the ,„...i.
Century Philosophers, 1 iq.

41. Wilson, 283.

42. Ibid., 288.

43. Naves, Voltaire et ^Encyclopedic, ji.

44. Wilson, 288-89.

45. Fellows and Torrey, Didc-ot Siudia
II. » 75 ,

46. Wilson,. 311.

47. Ibid.

48. jj8.

49- 3391 Crocker, Embattled Philns*, 137.
50. Wilson, 339.
ji. Crocker, 239.

52. Green, F. C., in Diderot, lVritingi on
the Theater, 12.

53. See Hazard, zot, and Naves, 93.

54. In Lough, Selected Articles, iBo-Sj.
jc. Dideror, art. "Philosophy,"

j6. Vamnian, Diderot eiy,d Descmtes, ij.

57. Art. "Philosophy."

58. Art. "Political Authority."

59. Ibid,

60. Lough, 43.

61. Motley, Diderot, I, n6.

62. Ibid., 172.

63. Article "Privileges."

64. Article "Art."

6 j. Smith, Adam, Wealth of Nations, I, 5,

66. Diderot, Prospectus, in Havens, ao».

67. Wilson, 136.

68. Grimm, Correspondence, VH, it*.

69. Lough, incrod., xk,

70. Art. "Encyclopedia,"

CHAPTER XX

1. £ne. Brit^ XVII, 6114.

2. Cru, Diderot, 234.

3. Ibid., 395.

4. Dupce, F. W., Great French Short
Novelt, 8.

3. Vamnian, Diderot and Descartes, nj.

6. Fensfej sur Pinterpritation de la naturt,
Sec, lviii, in Fellows and Torrey, Age
of Enlightenment, 276, and Wilson, Di-
derot, 194.

7. Faguet, Dix-huitieme siecle, 534.

8. Letter of Sept. 2, 1769, to Sophie Vol-
land.

9. Letter of J>cpt. 11, 1769.
10. Letter of Sept, 2, 1769.

« 1. Diderot, Dialogues, 34-3$.
12, ibid.,<\},
•3- S3-
M- J7-
•5. So-
lo. 79-80.

»7- 93-
18.96.

»9- >°S-

NOTES

20. no. *7

11. Fellows and Torroy, Diderot Studies, 68.

11,322. *9'

ji. Crocker, Embattled Philosopher, 318. 70.

ij. Ibid., 320. l ?'■

14. Ibid, 409; Crocker, /4ge 0/ Crw/j, 1J4. 72.

15, Letter to Daniilaville, 1766, in Morley, 73.
Diderot, I, 10. 74-

,6. Cm,^. 75-

17. Diderot, Jacques the Fatalist, iij. 76.

38. Diderot, Flan for a University, in La 77.
Fonuinerie, French Liberalism and Ed~ 78.
ucttiion in the iSth Century, 179.

»o. Enc. Brit., IV, 419a. 70.

30. Crocker, Embattled Philos^ 319. 80.

31. €1*11,417. 81.
31. Grimm, Correspondance, 1770, in Dide- 81.

rot, Oeuvres, 957-59. 83.

33. Fellows and Torrey, Diderot Studies, I, 84.

• 67. 85.

34. /Wrf,68. # as.

35. These passages are listed in Diderot, 87.
Jacques the Fatalist, 171-73. 88.

36. Ibid., 8. 89.

37. t66. 90.
_38. Crocker, Embattled Philos^ 168. 91.

39. Neveu de Rmneau, in Diderot, Oeuvrts, 92.

40. Fellows and Torrey, Diderot Studies, I, 93.

143 1> 94'

41. Oeuvres, 191. 95.
41. G. B. Shaw's phrase. 96.

43. Oeuvres, j6i, 170. 97.

44. /Wrf, 113. 98.

45. 118. 99.

46. 168. 100.

47. 120. 101.

48. Dialogues, 119-20. 101.

49. lh\d n 146. 103.
jo. t4o-4t. 104.
51. 154- 105.
51. "Essay on Women," in Dialogues, i8<5. 106.
$3, Crocker, Age of Crisis, 101. 107.

54. Crocker, Embattled Philos., 340. 108.

55. Crocker, Age of Crisis, 109. 109.

56. Ibid., 374. no.

57. Neveu de Ramcau, in Crocker, Age of
Crisis, 109. 111.

58. /Wa\, 105. in.

59. '04- 113.

60. Supplement to the Voyage of Bougain- 114.
wile, in Dialogues, 1 57. 115.

<j.\ Crocker, Embattled Philos., 343. 1 16,

a'.'.. Articles "Civil Liberty" and "Rcpre- 117.

sentatives." 118.

0';. Diderot, Oeuvres, fedition Assczat et 119.

Tourncux (Paris, 1875-77), 'X. "<*■

64. Ibid., II, 411, in Morley, Diderot, II, 110.

142-43.

<5j. Cm, 135. ,,,.
(55. Ellis, J-hvclock, The New Spirit, 61.

. Havens, Age of Ideas, 341.

. Crocker, Embattled Philos., 398.

Ibid., 393.
. Diderot, Salons, I, 1.
, //*irf., 79.
, Faguct, Dix-huiticme Siecle, 130.

Diderot, Salons, I, 188.

Crocker, 176,

Ibid., 106.

Chambers, F. P., History of Taste, 146.

Ibid., 140 f.

Hauscr, Arnold, Socm7 History of Art,

H.533-
Salons, I, 418.

Morley, Diderot, II, 79.

Crocker, 19.

Cru, 187.

Wilson, J73.

Crocker, 143,

Wilson, 316.

Voltaire, Phil. Diet,, article "Rhyme."

Wilson, 237.

Simc, Lesshtg, 1, 209.

Diderot, Paradox of Acting, 14, 18.

Cru, 318.

Hamlet, III, ii.

L«e Strasberg, in Diderot, Paradox of

Acting, introd., x.

Wordsworth's phrase.

Ellis, The New Spirit, 56.

Hazard, 383.

Crocker, Embattled Philos., 231-33.

Michelct, V, 4o8n.

Morley, Diderot, I, 30.

Mme, d'fepinay, Memoirs, II, 73.

Taine, Ancient Regime, icVS.

Diderot, Oeuvres, 143.

Crocker, 26.

Salons, II, 354.

Crocker, 147.

Ibid.

Letter of July 14, 1761,

Crocker, 197.

Ibid., 213-15,

220.

"Regrets sur ma vieille robe de eham-

bre, ' in Oeuvres, 733,

Crocker, 301.

Morley, I, 262.

Crocker, 302.

Marmontcl, Memoirs, 1, 360.

Morley, Diderot, I, 41.

Crocker. 292,

Wilson, 8.

Morley, I, to.

Fellows and Torrey, Diderot Studies, I,

ix.

Letter to King Stanislas Ponwtowski in

Aldis, Madame Ccoffrm, 185.

Fellows and Torrey, Diderot Studies, I.

vii.

THE AGE'OF VOLTAIRE

i

2
)■

4

5-
6.

h
8.

9-
io.

1 1.
n.

'3-
'4-
'5-
16.

"7-
'8.

•9-

20.
21.
J*.
*J-

M-
*5-
16.

»7-

iB.

19.

jo.

J'

3*-

S3-

3'}'

iS-

36.

37-
•;B.

3'>

1-

M-
■H
4J
1«S.

47-
48.

«

50.

S''
S 1
13
54

CHAPTER XXI

Cumming, Ian, Helvetius, 36.
7M., $7.

Marniontet, Memoirs, I, 158.
Gumming, 137-
Parton, Voltaire, II, 301.
Helvetius, Treatise on Mtm (De
I'Honnne), Vol. II, p. 480.
Grimm, Corresp., If, 262,
Helvetius, Treatise on Man, Section II,
Ch. iii.

HeWuius De I'Esprit, p. it.
//W, in Grossman, Philosophy of Hel-
vetius, S8.

Helvetius, De I'Esprit, 175, 221, 277,
Treatise on Man, IV, i.
Ibid., Ill, ii and iv.
IV, xxiii.

IV, iii and i

VI, i.

De rEsprit, p. 489.
Treatise, VJJ, iv.
Ibid., I, iii.
II, wd.

I, be.

II, xxii.
I, iii.
I.x.

VII, I
I.ii.
VII, i.

D* rEsprit, p. 174.
Treatise, IX, xxxi.
/Wrf, IV, xxi.
I, xiv.
I, xiii-xiv.
VII, xii.
VII, iii snd iv.

Mordccai Grossman in Horowitz,
CI nude Helvetius, p. 18.
Treatise, V, iii-x.
/A;rf, VI, viu.

V, iii'iv.
V, hi.

De I'Esprit, p. 279; Cumming, 79.
Treatise, VI, i.
De rEsprit, yp. 6, 17.
In Manir., K., p. 180.
Tte.uise, II, vii.
De rEsprit, p, 2*0.

. //•»</.. 47; Grossman, Philos-ophy of

He.'.rlf iA.
. D-- 1'f.yn, 29.
. //i.:., ,'U, M4;.

Treat is>% iV, ii.
. Uorovirv., p. too.
, //'(d-, in.

. Tn-J.'.'fr, Vl.vandx.
. /it.!., VI, iv,

VI, ■wiand xL

55. VIII, iii and v.

56. Bruneticre, Essays in French Literature,
p. 327.

$7. Buckle, I, 6240.

58. Caisirer, Philosophy of the Enlighten-
ment, 64.

59. Crocker, Age of Crisis, 123.

60. In Grossman, Philosophy of Helvetius,

147.
6t. Crocker, Embattled Philos., 408.

62. Victor Cousin, Histoire de h philoso-
phic, III, 201, in Buckle, I, 624n.

63. Morley, Diderot, II, 141.

64. Cumming, 218.

65. Morley, II, 142.

66. Grossman, 169.

67. Marmontcl, Memoirs, I, 258.

68. Cumming, 139.

69. De rEsprit, 87; Morley, II, 157.

70. D'AJemlicrt, Elements de philosophic, in
Cassircr, Enlightenment, 4.

71. Sainte-Beuve, Portraits of the iSth Cen-
tury, II, 105.

72. Wickwar, Baron cPHolbacb, 86.

73. Ibid., 59-60, Mornct, Origines, 107.

74. Gooch, Catherine the Great and Other
Studies, 192.

75. Marmontcl, Memoirs, I, 256.

76. Morley, Life of Voltaire, 215.

77. Morley, Diderot, II, 193.

78. 'Robertson, J. M, S/jori History of Free-
thought, II, 254.

79. Morley, Diderot, IT, 194.

80. Rousseau, Confessions, 139.

81. Robertson, J. A4, iJ, 754.

82. Morley, Diderot, II, 215.

83. Wickwar, 22.

84. /&'<J\, 23, 27.

85. DirVror, letter of May 10, 1759.

86. Aknuontel, I, 351.

87. Ibid.

88. Wickwar, 39; Burton, Life of Himie, II,
220.

89. Gibbon, Memoirs, in Mowner, li/f of
^ Dtfwrf Ws/w.'i?, 485.

90. Priestley, Memoirs, I, 74, in Buckle, F,
621m

91. Wickwar, 25.

92. Ibid^ 38.

93. Mme. dtpinay, Memoirs, II, 169.

94. JiM,, 130.

95. Wicl'war, '09.

06. Rohert.'.mt, j. M., II, 572.

97. Giimm, Corresp ., Aug. io, 1789.

98. Ibid.

99 Wicfcivar, 86.

too. P'Hoibsch, he Ckrt.'.'kmrme - JoiU, »"
Pomcuu, Lit Religion de Voituke, m-

101. Wic'Kwar, ti6.

102. Ibid., 1 35.

103. 127.

NOTES

10.;. Vn«. D!ci., art. "God," Sec. 4.

105. AJn/i:", Diderot, II, p. 159.

106. D'Holbseh, System of Nftttre, preface,
pp. vUi-x.

107. Ib'd , Vol. I, Ch. ii.

108. I, !.

109. I, ii and viii.
no. I, jriii.

in. I, i?:.

if*. Mcv:y, Diderot, II, p, 74.

113. P'i tolbs'-fi, System, I, Ch. xi.

114. lir.d., ;, ;.

115. D:\r.n, Turgot and the Ancien Re-
pine, p. 16.

116. AI-.riT. K., 175,

117. D'Hoibach, System, II, Ch. vi.

118. Ibid,, JJ, v.

119. f, xiii.
no. //>:i

121. II, iv.

122. 13, v.

123. n,:<ai.

114. System, appendk, Ch. >,vii.

1 15. System, !, xiii.

116. Ibid., I, vi>.

127. D'Holbach, Morale tmiverselle, Vol. I,
' Ch. i, :n Fellows and Torrey, /Jgt' of

Enlightenment, p. 361.

128. /Wrf,, 363.

129. System of Nature, I, xv.

130. /2?/i., appendix, xix.

131. System, !, xiv.

132. D'Holbach, Politique 7iaturelle, Part iv,
Ch. xxvii, in Wiclrwar, iSj.

133. ithocrmlc, Ch. x, in Hazard, z6j.

134. Pcthlqus valtaelle, Part vi, Ch. xiv.

135. Ci-.rniTiing, i!2.

136. Politique nnturelle, in Martin, K.,

137. Ibid., 189.

138. Wictv/ar, 178.

139. Mai tin, K., 189.

140. WicJcwar, 178.

141. System of Nature, Vol. I, Ch. xiv.

142. Politique iieturdls, Part vi, Ch.
in Wickwar, 211-13.

143. Systems social, Vol. II, 151, in Cobban,
In Search of Httmaaity, 166.

J44. System of Nature, I, xiv.

145. D'Holbach, Contagion sacrie, 145, in
Wickwar, 141.

146. In J-.Iornct, Origincs, 103.

147. System of Nature, I, >.-„

148. Syitiwe social, II, ii, ».? Gtuircr, The
Quest mj of Jean -Jacques Roussem, 68.

149. Po'itiq'ic nana. 'Ik, Part 1, Ch. vi, in
Franks], '/'£? F.-rWJ of Reason, 71,

1 jo. Momcr, ioj.

Hi. Lanfrcy, L'fi.glise it ies philosopher, 311.

152, Phil. Diet., sn. "God."

153, Wickwar, S9.

154, Morlcy, Diderot, 183.

1 88.

XXXIX,

155. Fapuct, Literary History of France, 497.

156. Wickwar, ;n.

157. Hcarnshjw, Sochi aid Political Ideas
of . . . tb~ Age of Reason, 113.

158. Wick-war, rij.

CHAPTER XXII

1, This is wli.it Faguet forgot in one t>'

the iT:th:r biased esiays in Fivnch Vv ,-

tine; sec, c.f;., Dix-huitieme Sieci:, jio.

Wade, Stvd'ics in Voltaiv.1, 67.

Phil. Diet., art. "Emblems."

Noyes, Vrf •tin; 4E7.

Phil. Dirt., ;. c, "G«d."

D:<n'' Jc.-.tci -'.!., V, \6l-

J'tJM'-.iu, Fc'i^isn de Vol tew, 421

Voltaire, Works. Villi, Ri,

M'.Tni't, Qiiyjn.s, 8;, To. ny, Spirit of

Vollatre, 251, :tfj.

Phil. Did., in U\i.!", VI!.\ fij

in Pome;'), <;.oo, and Crockc, /f^i* of

Cr/jir, 385.

Panon, ¥olt>vre, "I, 47,2.

Pomcai', ij^, it'<.

Levy-Bruhl, li^'-M.

Letter of M;.', 20, r, ;8, in Voltaire and

Frederick tiu Gie:-.t, Letters, 115.

Voltaire, Notebooks, 3, 401.

Twit,?' «f* virtsphysiesuc, Ch. ix.

Ln Loi vaturcllc, in IP/wfrj, Xb, 25-26.

/Wrf.; Fellows and Terr?)-, j4gc of £n-

lightenvtent, 4:4.

Bordgli?, Voltaire's Candidc, 108; Mo-
wn, J4gf of Rcaum, \b.

Letter of Oct., 1755, to d'Alcmhert, in

Desnoircsierres, V, 163.

In Torrey, Spirit of Voltaire, 87.

Letters of May 24 and Dec. 22, tyty.

Volcsire, Qettvret, ed. Mola'id, XXXIX,

363. See »!« Pcmeau, 301; Naves, Fo/-

taire ttPEvcyclopcdie, 53.

Naves, 54-57.

/Wrf., 62-63; Pomesu, 302.

Campbell, The Jesuits, 455.

Nico'.'Ml, U., rt* s t- .:.f Jimjti:, !}:.

1". yil'rth, /-., Ii. c i'\
.. Po,jc,7;>;:t, liji 4f'.i.'i.

2,

3-

4'
5-
6.

7-
8.

9-

10.
11.

12.

•J-

14.

'5-

16.

'7-
18.
19.

20.

22,

n-

'4-

»5-
26.

J 7-

38.
29.
3<>'
3''

32,

33'
34-
35-

37-

38.

39-
¥>■

41.
41.

Parto-s, If. ?jj.

Vo'tiUO, H'iVlallS. 1, 16'-, SDQ.

J.iy.

Bori-ijr^'a, J49
Ponirati, ji,'!.

Martin, }{., Histoire tie France, IX, 1:7
ronieau, 319-2 1.

Cahin, Institutes of the Christian Reli-
gion, Eng. cr., I, 160.
Parttw, II, 356,
Desnoirestcrres, VI, 160.

NOTES

39-

40.

4>.

4»

•»•

4-r

45'

46.

47'
48.

49-

50,

CHAPTER XXTrt

Pomeau, 2,00.
Mornct, Origincs, io6.
Gambit, Lettrfs critiques, XV, 114, in
Vartaman, Diderot and Descartes, 313.
Pomrau, 32,8.

Voltaire, letter of Dec. 8, 1776.
Palmer, R.R., Catholics arid Unbeliev-
ers, 96.
Ibid., 142.

Our account follows John H. Pappas,
Berthier^ Journal de Trcvoux and the
Philosophes.
Ibid., 38.

'3. >37-

48.

138.

48.

20;.

Ibid.

184.

186.

1 10.

113.

no.

112.

Ml.

Ucsnoircsterres, III, 389.
Hazard, Eighteenth Century, 78.
(Virnou, tlie Fret on. in Martin, K., 06.
Crocker, Embattled Philosopher, 140.

Brandos, II, 305.

Ibid., Jof..

Noyes, I re, 51.

ibid., 7 1 .

Lanfrcy,

In Mass'

1)1,31.

Crocker,

l.ichtcnbcr

Revolution ,

a Religion de Rotisseau,

if Crisis, 381.
A., Le Socialisine et la
ancaise, 6n.
Crocker, Emb. Philosopher, 305.
Toth, Wortnan and Rococo, 224, 234.
Goncourts, Wotnan of the tilth Cen-
tury, 30c.
Toth, 734.

Loner of Jan. 10, 1758, in Naves, $3.
Ocvjrts, 231, 239-40.
I hid., 23";, etc.
Grimm, II, 373.

Palmer, Catholics and Unbelievers, 7,
Partem, II, 334.
Papnas, 85.
Ibid., 114.
117.

Fiilop-Miller, P&wet mi Secret of the
Jesuits, 374,
Gay, Voltaire's Politic/, 3 jo,

j 1. Pappas, 119.

ji. Beard, Miriarn, History of the Busi-
ness Man, 414.

33. Martin, H., Histoire de France, XVI,
201.

54. Lanfrcy, 267; Campbell, The Jesuits,
482.

55/ Ibid., 483.

56. Catholic Encyclopedia, XIV, oSa; Mar-
tin, H, XVI, 211; Rankc, History of
the Popes, II, 447.

57. Campbell, 487,

58. Ibid., 485.

59. McCabc, Candid History of the Jesuits,

>5'-

60. Robertson, J. M., History 0/ Free-
thought, II, 236.

61. Desnoircsterres, VI, 269.

62. Demand, D'Alembert, 132.

63. Lanfrcy, 269.

64. Ibid., 270.
■65. Pappas, 135.

66. Pomeau, 317.

67. Gilbert, Prince de Ligne, 138,; Cftfiyle,
Friedrich the Second, VII, 470.

68. Campbell, The Jesuits, 639.

69. La Fontainerk, French Liberalism and
Education in the lEth Century, 143, 149.

70. Cumming, Helvetius, 160.

71. La Fontiiinerie, 80.

72. Ibid., 117.

73. Ibid., 39, Desnoircsrerres, VI, 239.

74. Letter of Apr. 1, 1766.
7J. Lanson, Voltaire, 183.

76. Smith, P., Modern Culture, II, *./•.

77. La Fontaincrie, 740.

78. See, H, Les idees politiques en France,
142.

79. Mornct, Origin?*, 177.

80. Lacroix, Eighteenth Century, 265.

81. Helvetius, Treatise on Matt, Vol, 11, p.
40?.

82. Brunetierc, Manual of French Litera-
ture, 298.

83. Hazard, 369.

84. Bury, Idea of Progress, 149.

85. Smith, P., II, 614.

86. D'Alembert, fclbncnts de la philosophic,
Ch. iv, in Hazard, 166.

87. Hazard, 169.

88. Voltaire, Works, XlXa, 89 f.

89. Ha?ard, jjo.

90. Rousseau, Sur U gouvcrncincnt de Po
lopic, in Black, An of History, 20,

91. Source lost.

91, Martin, H, Histoire de France, XVI,
2112.

93. Bury, Idea of Progress, 203; Parton, II,

43J-

94. Hazard, 126.

THE ACE OF VOLTAIRE

4 j. "Essav on toleration," in Voltaire, Sf-
Iccte'd Works, 78; Pomeau, jij.

44. Our account is based upon A. Co-
qucrcl's fern Cuius et f« familte (Paris,
1858), as summarized in Patton, H, 367.

45. Letter of Mar. 1, I7«Sj.

46. Ibid.

47. Text in Parton, 11, y$6.

48. Letter of Mar. 19, 1761.

49. Letter of Sept., 1761, in Gay, Voltaire's
Politics, 177.

50. Brandos, Voltaire, II, 196,

j 1. Voltaire, Selected Works, 86.
jj. Ibid., it j.

53. Parton, II, 433.

54. Mornet, Originei, tu.

55. Selected Works, 88.
jd. /Wa 1 ., too, io8.

57. Voltaire, (Per*/, lib, 177.

58. Brandes.ll, 214.

59. Desnoiresterres, VII, 469,
(So. Parton, II, 397.

(5i. Ibid.

61. Desnoiresterres, VI, 493.

63. Torrey, Spirit of Voltaire, 119.

64. Letter of Frederick the Great, Aug. 7,
17615,

65. Letter of Frederick, Sept,, 176^, in
Brandes, 11,431.

66. Diderot, Oeuvres, 220.

67. Chaponniere, Voltaire chez Its Calvin-
istes, 260.

68. In Brandes, II, 2ja.

69. Voitaire, Correspcnidance, ed, Bester-
man, Letter 7584.

70. Pomeau, 311.

71. Phil. Diet., ait. "Supersridon."
71. Letter of June 3, 1760.

73. Letter of Dec. 6, 1757.

74. Pomeau, 213; Bertrand, D'Alembert,
118.

75. Vokaire and Frcdenck, Letters, a8j.

76. Parton, II, z8y.

77. Letter to Damiiaville, Apr. 3, 176J.

78. Frederick to Voltaire, Sept. 9, 1739,

79. Voltaire, Oeuvret complhti, XLIII,
198-ioo.

80. Selected Works, 59.
8t, Phil. Diet., art. "Laws."

8r, J, Gabercl in Parton, II, 418,

83. Lul<C XXI, !?-J2.

84. Questions of Zapata, No, 58, in Selected
Works, 34.

85. Ibid., Nos, 65 -66.

86. Ibid., No. 66.

87. Parton, 286.

88. Letter of June 4, 1767,

St). New Cttinb, Mod. History, Vlt, iji,
00, Phil. Diet., art. "God,"
91, Letter of Nov. j8, 1751.

9*.

96,

97.
08,
99.

!O0,
101.

101.
103.
I04,
I05.
I06.

107.
1 08.
IO9.
110.

til.

112.

"3-

114.
115.

no\
117.
118.
119.

120.
121,

112.
123.
u 4 .

125.
126.
127.
128.
1:9.
130.
131.
132.

>33-
'tt-

.36.

'37-

Ocirvres completes, XLl, 570, in Tor.

icy, Spirit o\ Voltaire, 279.
Phil. Diet., art. "Sin."
Pomeau, 373.
Works, lb, 139,

Phil Diet., art. "Miracles."

Pomeau, 348.

Ibid., 374.

Phil. Diet., art. "Climate."

Art. "Grace."

Profession de foi deS thftstes, in Black,

Art of History, 37.

Works, XlXa, 228.

Ibid., 338.

Traite de met a physique,

Crocker, Age of Crisis, 385.

Ibid., 190; cf. Phil. Diet., art. "Atheisoii,"

and art. "God," Sec, v.

Art. "Hell."

Art. "Fraud."

A a, "Morality."

Voltaire, The Ignorant Philosopher,

Sees. 11-111.

Ibid,, 111-rv.

xiu.

XIV.

XVII, XIX.
XX.
XXIV.
LI.

Works, ih, 312-16.

Bosvjell on the Grand Tour: Gerrtany
and Switzerland, 304.
Noyes, Voltaire, 555; Pomeau, 411.
Voltaire, Oeuvres completes, XXVI,
199, in Pomeau, 438.
Art. "Curate."
Pomeau, 439.

Essai stir let iitoeurs, Ch. exxxix, in Do-
cros, French Society in the lith Cen-
tury, 199.

Desnoiresterres, VI, 118,
Ibid., 63-64; Pomeau, 431.
Desnoiresterres, VII, 237.
Tomy, Spirit of Voltaire, 22$.
Desnoiresterres, VII, 218.
Ibid., 287.
Pomeau, 350.

Diderot, Letters to Sophie Vollimd, I,
29/ in Pomeau, 332.
Grimm, Corresp., VII, ji.
Walpole, H., in Mossner, Bishop Butter
and the Age of Reason, 17c; cf. ftlornct,
Origirtes, 139, and Alortey, Life of Vd~
take, 88.

Letter to Mme. d*u Deffand, June f,
1770.

Ignorant Philosopher, Sec. xxiv.
Mafic ix, 45-48; Mart, xiii, 40-4*; LuJre
xvi, 23-16.

THE AGE OK VOLTAIRE

95. Buckle, 1, dio.
4jb, Pan <»n, IJ, $07.

97. Lccky, History of . . . Rationalism, I,
125.

98. Tocqucville, L'Aitclcn Regime, 165.

99. Lccky, History of England, V, 336,

100. Mornct. Origincs, »«4-s6.

101. La Ilarpe in Taine, Ancient Regime,
400.

10c. Walpolc, II., letter of Oct. 19, 1765.

103. IJ-i letter of Nov. 19, 1765.

104. Mornct, 269,

105. Ibid.

106. Toih, Woman and Rococo, 234.

107. Mornct, 272.

ioS. Willcy. Eighteenth-Century Back-
groutid, igi.

109 Taine, Ancient Regime, J93.

110. Robertson, J. MU Hiftory of Free-
thought, II, 278.

■ 1 1. Mont2lcmbcrt, Monks of the West, I,
86.

112. Mornet, 141.

113. Voltaire, Oemres completes, XL1H,
*37-

114. Letter of Nov. o, 1764.

115. Wilson. Diderot, a86; Palmer, Catbttlia
jhJ Unbelievers, 1 7.

116. Torrcy, Spirit oj Voltaire, 133.

117. Contlorcct, Vrogres de Vcsprh hmmin

1 18. Mornct, 125.

119. Ibid., 273.

120. Eckcrmann and Sorcc, Com'ersatiom
with Goethe, 411, $29.

!2i. Frederick 1 to Voltaire, May j, 1767,

122. Grimm. Corresp.. Sept. (5, 1767.

123. Diet. Phil., *n. "God."

EPILOGUE

1. Crocker, Embattled Philosopher, 407.

2. Sadc, Marquis tic, Justine (1791), /»/.
liette (1792), Philosophic dam le bou-
doir (1793J.

3. Musset, Alfred de, Confessions of $
Child of the Century, 11 f.

4. Chaponniere, Geneva, 231,

5. Pbil. Diet., art. "God," Sec, iv, art.
"Polytheism."