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olu;^. 4 s^rUI qU*JI oWU j <>£*:, fjSII.Upj* »LMI cJl£i

• tV « Cs&j ,J » i-'LiJl «-U CyC- U OU^j t ijjlll jl^uil t-»lJt!l

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c*"j aii oliJjy j, ^5UI UJ» ^u*. J,} a «jjb j* U>JI JU».JI

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4 j J^W-ij f!>>-l; ^jT SUiO>- oUv> 6U.;j>J J uiAK'T » Jd Jf J
c aJU^I j> «^^"j 4 j^i Kt» frjlvij U iil> ^wii . LA Ox V
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. . <j*iJI Sis- J Sjl-UdJl

• * *

THE AGE OF VOLTAIRE

fr^?^

CHAPTER XII

I Mosincr, Hmnc, it ,

i Richard, F... History of Herman Chili-
Milan, 326, <ic Toctjue% die, VAncien
Regime, 27; 7horop5c.il. J. W.. Eco-
nomic and Social History f>\ . . . the
Later Middle Ages, 483.

j. Tame, AncLnu Regime, 18.

4. See Muhlhausen as described in Spina.
/. 5. Back, I, 344.

5. Ling, Music in Western Civilization,
608.

6. Montagu, Lady Mary VV„ Letters, I,
.55 (Nov. m, 1716).

7 Tietze. Treasures of the Great National
Galleries, 137.

8. Bur-icy, C, General History of Mine,

9. Desc'ii.'cstorres, tV, 160.

10. In Ca'urcr, Philosophy of the Enlight-
emnert, j 34.

1 1. Franckc, History of Qtnium Literature,

1 1 Ausubct, $uperv,jn: The Lije of Fred-
erick the Great, 756.

13 Wolf, History of Science . . . and Phi-
losophy, 778

14 Hazard, European Though: in the ittk
Century, 40.

1 <. Lovcjoy, Essays ifl the History of Ideas,
108.

16. Enc. Bri>„ XXIII, 697c.

17. Enc. of Reltrjon and Ethict, Vlll.tysb.
•i3 Schocnfcld. M'ciiten of 'hi reutuwc

Nations, i8j.
its Ibid., .'9$.
*,o. Text in Smith, P, History of Mvd.-tn

Culture, II. 601.
at, Chesterfield, Letters, Sept j, i;.|8.
a}. Ooldsmitb, O™ Inquiry into tin- I'retent

Stan' ol Value Learning tit Eur op", in

Miurllancous Works, 4:6.

23. Frederick the CiK-at, Memoirei, I, <ij,

24. Montagu, Lady Mary, tetter of Dec 17
1716,

1$, Dillon, K., Glass, 5.

16. Biyk, E., Gescbichte der Grapbitcben

Kunst, 477-84.
2.7. Berlin.

*8. Batockr.uiKum, Vienna.
29. Sitwcll, S, German Baroque Art, 94.
jo. Oxford History ol M':sic tV 4
31. Lari},', 4JP. .')

\i. Spitt*. Hach, 11. 4«. E" c Bnt„ XV(1,

890I1

33-
3*
JJ-
3*

37-
38.
39-

40.
4t.

4*-
43-
44

4?
46.

47-
48.

49-
SO-

5'
?;•

53-
54-
SJ.
56.

57-
58.

60.

61,

6:,

63

64.

6$.
«.

07
68

69.

70

?<

-M
"(

74

Spirta, III, 18,

Rutland, Musical Tour, 84.

Ibid., in,

107-8.

Grove's Dictionary of Musk. II. ,»*

Rolland,n«n. "

Grove's, V, 107.

F.bcling in Rolland, 119.

Eg- Concerto in D for trumpet; Simc

in A Minor lor. flute; Don Quix>* (

Suite.

Schweitzer, A., /. S. Bach, 1, 101-4.

Spitta, f, 373.

Grove's, I. 158 On the Vivaldi tr»n

scnprions, see Pincncrlc, Marc. I'fialJ,

130-31.

Sputa. II, f47-

Lang, 493.

Grove's, I, t6t.

Schweitzer. I, 115.

Spitta, III, 261-64.

Grove's, I, 165.

Pratt, History of Music, 157,

Schweitzer, 1, 338.

Ibid., 311.

Spina, II sj.

Forliel in Schweitzer, 1, 313.

Ibid* 404.

292.

Lang, 499.

Davison, A., Hacb and Handel, j6.
Schweitzer, I, 180,,
Spitta. Ill, J52.
Ibid.
2*3.

Wemstock, Handel, 4.
Grove's, I, 167.
Holland, 71.
Sputa, II, 147.

McKinncy and Andcnon, Music in Mil-
iary, 407.

Words of the preacher at Bach's '•»■
ner.il, Spitta, III, 275.
Letter of Karl Zcltcr in Schweitzer, I.

'!•

Ibid, Jjo, Rolland, 219: Dawon. if-

Schweitzer, 1, 238

Hnd., 142.
M4

CHAPTER XIII

1 Carlyle, T., Friedrtcb the Second. I v

•73'
2. Goodwin. European Nobility, i»f-
j. Montagu, Cady Mary, Letters, I, m-
4. Goodwin. 112
s Mowat. R B„ 4«c t*f R«:<w, 1A4. "■"

Cu;;^ Mo</. History, VII. 402.
6. In 17(4-34.
7- '7'' -31.

noti:?

8 >7'J-5<5-

i9-

9. 1722-32.

60.

10 1719-32.

61.

11. Nawrath, Austria, 15. The church wis.

62.

built in 1713

«»•

11. Sitvcll, German Baroque An, 37; r/V

64

Baedeker, Austria. 46

13. Barockmuseum, Vienna,

65.

j 4. Ibid

66

15. Montagu, Lady M.. 1, 238.

i(5. Bumcy, C, 1!, 942

67

17. Garnctf, R., History oj Italian Liters*

6S.

tint, 315.

69

18. Frederick, Mcmotres, 1, 14.

70.

19. Enc. Brit., X. 274b.

jo. Coxc Wni„ History oj the House of

7>

Austria, III, 14'

71

21. Ibid., 242

73'

22. New Comb Mod History, VII, 407.

74'

23. Monroe, Paul, History oj Education,

7?

435-

76.

24. Macaulay, Essays, 11, m, Acton, Lec~

77'

lures cm Modern History, 28H

25. Ctmib. Mod, History, VI, 210.

78.

26. Ibid., 213.

79

27. 214.

Eo.

28. Carlyle, Fricdricb, 1, 335.

8i.

251, WUhelmine, Margravine, Memoirs, 31,

82

34, $2, 204.

30. Ibid,, 13,63.

83.

31. Carlyle J, 377.

84.

32. Wilhelmine, 91.

85.

33. Ibid., 84', 91.

86.

34. Carlyle, 11, 95.

35. Comb. Mod. lh<tory, VI, 212.

87

36. Wilhc'mTna, 109.

SB.

37. lbid^ ti\.

89.

38. Carlyle, II, 327.

39. Ibid., 319.

90.

".»• 349-

9 1

41. Wilhelmino, 230.

92.

41. Carlyle, 111, 64-64.

41. Ibid^66-o«.

93-

44. Voltaire-Frederick Letters, Nov, 4, 1736.

94

4j. Apr. 7, 1737.

95

46. Jan. jo, 1737,

47. Frederick to Voltaire, Nov. 4, 1736,

97-

Feb. 8, 1737.

98.

48. Dec. 3, 1736.

99.

49. Dec. 35, 1737.

100.

50, Jurw, 1738-

101.

51. Dec. 2j, 1737.

102.

52. Mar. 28, J738.

(03,

53. Carlyle, III, 98.

104,

54 Parton, I, 240.

IOj

55. Frederick, quoted in Villari, P.. Life and

irxi

'Times of Niccolo Machiavelli, 11, 2ot.

107.

56. In Francke, History 0} Gentian Liters-

I0«.

line, 230

109.

57. Carlyle, HI, 142.

! 10.

jg. Valori in Auiubcl,43.v.

1)1,

Frederick to Voltaire, June 6, 1740.,

June 27, 1740

Lea, II C Super tut wn and Force, 57^

Carlyle. Ill 161.

Ibid , if ,

Smiih. P., Hittorx of Modern Culture

II S7>

Crlvlc, HI it,

Goldsmith, O., Miscellaneous ll'mJ't

4*7-

Carlyle, III, 233.
Ibid., Dcsnnirestcrres, II, jyti.
Volraire-Ficdenck Letters, .43
Fleury to Voltaire, Nov 14, 17.10. m
Part*m, 1. 438.
Ibid

Carlyle, III. 278.
Ausubel, 4-)3

Liirzov Count \an, Bohemia, 317.
Frederick. Mei/ioires, 1, 94
Ibid., 103

Cojvc, House of Austria, 111, 270. Macau-
lay, E<s,iys, II 126
Luc Brit ,XIV SSul.
Carlyle. IV, 70
Co\c, 111, 309
Carlyle, V, 36

Voltaire to Frederick, March, 1742, in
Vohairc-I urimck Lctttry 150
Frederick to Voltaire. Feb 12, 1742.
Frederick Mh/toires, 1, 5
Enc Urn., IX, 71SC

In Robcnson, J M.. Short History ot
Freethougbt, II, 313
Carlyle, V, 201
Ibid., HI. 260

Carlyle, V, 197, hotly repudiates any
sodomitic implications.
Enc Brit , IX, 718c
Carlyle, V, fi S

Ibid'., VII, 46/, Mowat, Age of Reason
101,

Letter of Aug 31, 7750, in Parton, I, fir
DcsnoirMcrres, IV, 108.
Tame, Ancient Reunite, 28111
VoltJtrc, Works, XXla, 11 1.
Parton, I, 610.
Ibid.

Carlvle, V, 137.
Ibid'., 146.

Gay, Voltaire's Poltws, 154.
Vojnue, XXla. 213
Lanson. Voltaire, 112-13.
Parton, i 340,

Chesterfield, letter of Apr 13, 1752
Pari on, II, 59

Ibid., $9-60, Dcsnoirctcrrcs, IV, 106.
Morley, Life of Voltaire, 184
Carlyle, V 182
Ibid., 180.
205..

THE AGE OF VOLTAIRE

111. 113.

ii). 214, Strachcy, Books and Characters,

191.
n.». Voltaire. XlXa, 184/.

115. Ibid.

116. Part on, II, 126.

117. Ibid^ 103

118 Carlyle, V, 223.

119. Part on, II, 108.

wo. Ibid., 1 j 8.

111. Voltaire, Leiires cT Alsace, 135-36 (Dec.

'4. >753>-

111. Parton, II, 167-69.

123. Montesquieu, letter of Sept. 28, 1753, in
Lanfrey, L'tghse et Its philosophes, 162,

1 14. Philosophical Dictionary, article "Quak-
ers."

135. Bertrand, J, D'Alembert, 91.

CHAPTER XTV

jr. Letter of Mav 37, 1756. in Chaponniere,
Voltaire chez les Calvinistes, 18.

2. Epinay, Mme. a". Memoirs and Corre-
spondence, III, 178.

3. Marmontel, Memoirs, I, 317.

4. Morley, Life of Voltaire, 200.

5. Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson, 87.

6. Oechsli, W, History of Switzerland,
260,

7. Ibid., 172.

8. In Hcrold, The Swiss without Halos,
161

p. Oechsli, 264.

10. Coxe, Travels in Switzerland, IL 12c.
11 Ibid., 179.

12. Oechsli, 265.

13. Coxe, Travels. I, 304.

14. Oechsli, 243.

15. Ibid^ 245.

16. Coxe, II, 262.

17. Casanova, Memoirs, I, 392, 407.

1 8. Coxe, II, 292.

19. Ibid.

20. Franckc, History of German Literature,
220.

zi. Lough, J., The Encyclopedic, j6.

21. Epinay, Memoirs, III, 199.
23. Coxe, II, 357.

14. Epinay, HI, 175-75-

25. Masson, P, La Religion de Rousseau, 1,

10-11.
16. In Naves, Voltaire et VEncyclopedie,

148.
27. lbid^ 39.
18. 40.

29. Lough, 04.

30. Desnoiresterres, V, 179-81.

31. Lough, 92.

32. Geneva, Muscc d'Art et d'Histoire.

33. Jean Gabercl in Parton, II, 228.

34. Voltaire, Essai sur les moeurs, Ch huii.

35. Morley. 284.

36. Ibid., 290.

37. Flint, History of the Philosophy of Ilii.
wry, 254.

38 Letter to Thicriot, Oct. 31, 1738.

39. Parton, !, 465.

40. Buckle, I, 580.

41 Phil Diet., art. "History," in Works.
Vb, 64

42 Ibid.

43. Voltaire. Works, XVIa, 137.

44. XlVa, 230.

45 E'sai sur les moeurs, Ch xjt.

46 Ibni., Ch C!HXI\,

47 La'ison, Voltaire, 123-24.

48. Robertson. VVm., History of the Rcipi
of Charles V , I, joo

49. "Observations on History," in Works,
XlXa, 269.

50. Essai, Ch. exevii.

51. Ch Kviii.

52. Works, XVIa, 133-36, 144

53. Chateaubriand, The Genius of' Chris-
tianity, III. iii, 6, p. 430,

54. Voltaire, XVIa, 250-51.

55. Michelet, V, 274.

CHAPTER XV

Cen.

1. Goncourts, Woman of the 18th
tury, 307 f.

2. Smith. P.. Modern Culture, II, 543, Nic-
olson, Age of Reason, 294.

3. Frederick to Voltaire, June 29, 1771.

4. Voltaire, Works, Vllb, 143.

5. Leckv, History of Rationalism, 145.

6. Blackstone. Covtmentaries (Oxford,
»77j), IV. 60, in Lea. H. C, History of
the Inquisition i>) Spain, IV, 247

7. Clark, G N„ The iph Century, 246.

8. Voltaire's estimate, in Works, XXIa.
250.

9. Mark xvi, 16.

10 Smith, P., Modem Culhtre, II, 555.

1 1 Ibid^ 556.
12. 550.

Putnam, G. H„ Censorship of the
Church of Ro7>ie, 11, 255.
Wilson, A., Diderot, 121-12.
Brandes, II, 107.
16 Bertrand, UAlembert, 92.

17. Brandes, II, 50.

18. Mornet, Origines intellectuelles de la
Revolution francaise, 258.

19. Cf. Catholic Enc.,]]], 189.
:o. Voltaire, Notebooks, II, 351

21. Faguct, Literary History of France, 361.

5.6.
21 Smith, P., II, 268.

N O T E S

13. Schweitzer, A.. Quest of the Historical 28
/«:«, i j. j 9

14. Quoted in Lovcjoy Essays m the His- 30
tory of Me.w, 103.

15. Ibid.) 103 f. 31.

26 Hsin-hai Chang, in private corrcspond-
ence \wth it ic author'

27 In Loxcjoy, Essays, 105 32
38. Voltaire, /Jgc of Loi/u X7V, 45$. 35

29 In Lou'joy, 105-6 34.

30 Maverick, L A, Clm,n a Model for 35.
Europe. 1 26.

j 1. Fulop-Millcr, R„ Powei and Secret of 36.
f fo Jesuits, 485

31 Rcichuin. A.. C£>wa <uiJ Europe. 124. 37.

33 Voltaire H'erA't, Villa 176

34 Pinot, V , Li? Chive et l.i fornwion de 38.
Vcsprit philosophiquc rr, Franci 425

35 '*'<*•. 3'S. =81 39-
36. Maverick. 242

37 /Wrf., 113 40

38, Philosophical Dictionary, art "Glory," 41.
in Works, Va, 208

39 Works, XVIa, 119. KVIIlb. 278. 42.

40 Xllla, 29. 43,
41, Montesquieu, Persian Letters, xj,vi

44

CHAPTER XVI 4<.

46.

1. Buckle, I, 66on. 47.

2. Fuss, N., in Smith D. E- History of 48.
Mathematics, I, 522 49.

3. Bell, E. T., Men of Mathematics, 148. 50.

4. Ibid., 156. 51.

< '59- J'-

6. Wolf, History of Science, 70 53

7 "Whitehead, A N , Science arid the 54
Modern World, 91

8. Bell, 170 v>.

9. Ibid.

ID 171. 56
II 185

u Whitehead, 90 57

13 In Crocker, Age of Crisis, 8. 58.

14. Bertrand, D'Alembert, 32. 59,

15. Morley, J., Diderot, I, 133 60.

16. Bcnrand, 143, 153, 164. Segur, /7//ic' de 61.
Lespmasse, 1 13-14. 62.

17 Wolf, 217. 63

18 Williams, History of Science, II, 275. 64

19 Smith, P., Modern Culture, II, 73

20 WJhanis, 11, 286. d;
11. Ibid., 289.

22. 390

23. 295, Wolf, 232. 66,

24. Gibbon, Essai sur Petude de la littera-
turc, in Miscellaneous Writings, 2.

25. Williams. IV, 11, 67.
16 Schcclc. Treatise on Fire end Air, in

Wolf, 358. 68.
27. Ibid n 359.

H

Science and Education,
Eighteenth-Century Baclt-

Enc Urit., XX, 62c.

Ibid, 62b.

Moore. I" J . History of Chemistry, 37.

38.

Trench, S J., Torch and Crucible The

Life and Death of Amome Lavoisier,

80.

In Wolf, 3s 3

Moore, 44.

Ibid. m.

Huxley, T

In Willcy.
ground, 177.
Priestley, Jos., Essay on the First Prin-
ciples of Governnitmt, in Willey, 195
Pncstlcv , History of the Corrttptioi>s of
Christianity, in Willey, 170.
Essay on the First Principles of Govern-
ment, in Hu\lcy, 27
Ibid., in Willey, 197.

Schuster, M I incoln, Treasury of the
World's Great Letters, 187.
French. S. J-, 215.

Dakin, Turgot and the Ancien Regime
in France, iM
Moore, 49

McKie. Aritotnc L-avoisicr 225.
Ibid,, 293.

3'9

412 f.

404

407

French, 267.

Williams. Ill, 11

Langer W L-, Encyclopedia of World

History, 435

Berry, Short History of Astronomy,

3 J 5

Burney, Fanny, Diary, 161 (Dec 30,
1780)

Williams, III. 21.
Enc lint., XI, 5 2011.
Bcnrand, D'Alembert, 4;.
Martin. H., XV, 397.
Bell, Men of Mathematics, 173.
Ibid.
172

Laplace, Systhne du vwnde, V, vi, in
Berry, 322

Laplace, 7 hcone analytiquc des proha-
bilites, prefaic, in Nagel, Structure of
Science, 282

Quoted by Cajori in Newton, Mathe-
matical Principles of Natural Philoso-
phy, 677.

Sedgwick and Tyler, Short History of
Science, 332.

Mousnier and Labroussc, Dix-bmtieme
Steele, 31,

I II E ACfc. OK VOLTAIRE

69. In Bell, 181

70. Berry, 307.
71 Wolf. 299.

71 BufTon, OeuvreS, IX, 455

7j lbid. t }iS3.

74 XI, 454-

75. SJime-Bctive, Portra'tll o\ the tSth On-

tvty, I!, 369.
76 BurTnn, Oeutres, IX, 454

77. Tratuur. Architects o\ LLai, fto.

78. Gourlic. Punce oj Botanists: Curl Lot-
tiacus, 3.

79. Ibid., 34

80. In Hazard, European Thought in the
iSih Century, 354.

81. Lot y, Biology ami In Makers, 122.

82. Saimc-Bcuvc, II, 263.

83. Lccky, History of . . Rationalism, II,
16

84. Osborn, H. F., from the Greeks to Dar-
win. J30-

85. Bearne, A Court Painter and his Circle,
372.

86. Rousseau, letter of Sept. 21, 1771.

87. Gourlic, 270.

88. Wolf, 455-

89. Ibid., 456,

90. 457.

91. Enc. Ilrit., XVIU 33.

92. Lo< y, 399.
r /j- "Wi-if, 349
94. ibid., 450.

95 Jardine, \Vm., The Naturalist's Library,

J 4-
cf>. ibid.. 321.
97. Smntc-Bctjvc, 31, 264,
98- Osborn, t-,6
99. In Buttcrfieid, Origmi oj Modern Sci-

ciicc, 175.

100. Bullion, Difcours svt la -nature dei cm-
maux, in Martin, H, XVI, 37.

101. Goncouns, Madame de Pompadour,

•45-

102. Osborn, H. F., Men of the Old Sterne
Age, 3.

103 O-sborn, From the Greeks ro Darwin,
134, and Marnn, K., Rise of French
Liberal Thought, 99-100.

104. In Smirh, P., 11,518.

105. In Buflon, Oeuvres completes, I, introd.,
xzn,

106 PvOuMcau, letrcr of Nov. 4, 1764.

107. Saintc-Bcuvc, II, 108,

>o#. Ecflon, 1, introd, xviii.

109 /.'--'., X!I, 314-30.

mo. li/id., 3»4n.

t:i. I'a.'.ard, 144

111. Voltaire, letter to Hclvctiui, Oct. 27,

1740.
113, Salnte-Ikuvt, II, itq.

1 14 Jardine, 31.

1 15 Ibid., 39,

1 16. In Fellows and Torrey, Age o\ Eiih»,h-
citmcut, 58811,

117. Garrison. F. History oj Mediiine. \, t
118 Loujoy, A.. The Gren Chun o\ U,

i''?, 333-
1 19. Riauuuir, Memoircs, 111 Smiili. P., M;J

era Culture, II, 101.
no Vanaman. A.. Diderot and Dcicjnn

,yf,.
121 OsLoin, From the Greek) to Dirieli.

118
122. Maupcrtuis in Crocker, Age of C.rith

81
123 Osborn, 114-15.

124. Ibid., \ii

125. Lo\cjoy Essays in the History of UU>\
H7

1 :6 I urben ille, A S., cd., Johnson's Em

land, II, 245.
127 Oiborn, 1 19.
128. Ibid., 145.
129 146
130. Ibid.

131 149.

132 Brett, G S.. History of Psychohi),
423

1 33 Condillac, Twite des sensations, jS

134. Ibid.

135. lt»d., 70

136. Wolf, 68y

mr SiJ y«*iy : ^u^i ^j

tA^y ^-l^' - t5^-* J i *r