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dttll J»l JJ \ XWjM OliiJ JWUll Jill jywi -wiji C)t L*j^ «Ul*
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CHAPTER VH

i. See, H„ Economic and Social Condi-
tion! in Ftmct during the iSth Century,
87.

a. Ibid., 84.

3. Sumner, W. G., Folkvfays, 165.

4. See, 104; Goodwin, A, The European
Nobility in the ittb Century, 36.

j. Tocqueviile, VAncien Rigmte, 107.
6. Ducros, L, French Society hi the- +M?
Century, 158, 107; Wolf, A, History of
Science . . . and Philosophy in the ilth
Century, jj8.
1 7. Palmer, R. R., Catholics and Unbeliev-
ers h» ttth-Century France, 1 jn.

8. Lacroix, P., Eighteenth Century, 138.

9. Comb. Mod. History, VIII, 53.

10. Lacroix, 138,

11. Ducros, 14; Herbert, S, Fall of Feudal-
ism tn France; xvii,

12. Taine, Ancient Regime, 130.

13. Gooduin, European Nobility, 31.

14. Jaures, Histoire socialiste, I, 31.

15. See, 61.

16. Taine, Ancient Regime, 10. 41.

17. Tocqueviile, 34,

18. Taine, ie.

19. Comb. Mod. History, VIII, 53.

10. Ibid., 51, See, 3.

11. Palmer, R. R, 15; Lacroix, 157.

11
*J
14
»S

16,

*?•
28
19.
JO.

}<

3'-

))
34.
35-
3d.

37-
38.

39-
40.

4«

41

43.

44-

4J-

4<5

47-

48
49-
jo.

5»-
5>-
JJ-

54-
55-

5«-
57.
*8.

59-

6n.
61
61.
63.

64.
6j.
46

67.
48
69.

70.

7'-
7».

. Taine, 41 f.

, Voltaire, Works, XVIa, xtfi|

, Martin. 'Hi, XV, 439.

/Aia\, 439-40-
, Lacroix, 157.
Ibid., 169.
.Tame, 34.
Ibid^ 110-10.

Goncourts, Woman of tht iStb Can-
tniiy, 10, 15, Monralembert, Monks of
the West, II. 86.

Martin, Kinyslev, Rise of French Lib-
eral Thought, 79.

Taine, 61, Michelet, Histoire dt Front*,
V. 288

Mamn. H., XV, 441.
Ibid., 441.
Tame, 63

Leclcv, History of England, Yi 3»9>
Desnoiresrerres, VIII, 248.
Lacroix, 270

Guizot, History of France, V, 48.
See, 4.

Herbert, Fall of Feudalism, 56.
Tame. 13-1*, Ducros, 1*6-37.
Herbert, 37.
See, ij.
Herbert, 4-c.
See, :8.

Montagu, Lady M«y W, Liners, I,
39j (Oct, 10, 1718).
Taine, 330.
Martin, H, XV, 1 16.
See, 38

Voltajre, Works, XDCa, 94.
Philosophical Dictionary, article "Lent."
Cobban, History of Modern France, 41.
See, 18] .

Renard and Weulersee, Life and Work
in- Modern Europe, (93.
Mantou^ Industrial Revolution, 409.
See, 165.
Taine, 334.

Mornet, Origmes intellectuelles de la
Revolution frmcmse, 28.
Parton, II, 184
Lacroix, 218
Ibid., 311.

Nussbaum, History of the Economic
Institutions of Modern Europe, 1 14.
Jaures, Histoire socuhste, 1, 67.
Se"e, 151-53.
Martin, H., XV. 113.
Ibid., 30$.
See, 93.
Ducros, 160.

Toth, II' onion md Rococo in France,
179.

Lacroix, 206
Ibid.

- TY6 -

<ij. Goncoum. Madame dt Pompadour,

• S"7-

74. Dwoirewrres. HI, 24:

75. Gnrnm. Correspondence, VIII, '31-33.
tn Buckle, 1.5)9,

■]6. •Hmt-Sunan in Lacroix, joi.

77 Lacroix 290.

78. Ducros, 53.

79 Sm-leniW.. Eighteenth Century, 57

80. Laiifrev. L'Eglise et h< philosophes mi

xvuf necle, 1 :9
M Micheiet. V. 377, Sainte-Bcme, Par-

traits of the '*''-' Century, 1, 445
8: Voltaire. Works, Wla, 157
8 Scwicnski. 79
84 Works, XVIa. i<8.
8t Martin. H. XV. j 5 6n.
K Stnienski, 8j
87 Desnotrestcrrci, II, 336
S'i Martin. H. XV, j 5 i.
^y Saint-Simon, Wiwoirs, III, 183.
90, Micheiet. V 248
91 Martin, H, XV, n6n., Creole, Guy

Cowrr L»f<\ 88.
91 Bearnc, Cswrf Punter, 85
91 Guizoc. History of F ranee, V, 78
¥4 Goncoum. Pompadour, 9.
95 Micheiet. V, 325
94 Ercolc. 167

97 Leu h, D B WynJh im, Four Favorites,

98 Srryienski, 140-41

99, II cbsrcr't Biographical Dictionary, 833.
ion Brandei, I. .'24
101 Voltaire. IfVAr, XVIli, 114,
ioi Orlylc. Thos. History of Friedruh II,

IV. 4 j8,£«r Brit., IX, 454a.
103 Voltaire, XVIb, 238, Martin, H, XV,

:8:,Scr\ienski, 148
101 Voltaire. XVIb. 139
in; Stryienski. 149.
106 Martin, H., XV 43m.
107, Liclucnbergcr in Martin, K., Rise of

French Lifer il Thought, 238
K18. Martin, H„ XV. 356-58.
109 Lecky, England, V, 317.
no GoncouiT., Pompadour, u

1 1 1 Micheiet, V, 149.

112 Ercolc, 197

113 Goncoum, 117.
114. Ercolc, 103.

1 1 * Lcwu. Four Favorites, 48
1 1(5. Tainc. Ancient Regime, 81

117. Goncoum, 71

118. /Am*., 34B.

119 Samtt-Beuvc, I, 450,
iso Ibid., 45 1
1:1 Micheiet, V, 354
122 Martin, H , XV, 43d

123. Goncoum, 131

1 24. Lewis, 50.

125. En i>le, JO?.

1 16. Toth, 165.

117. Goncoum, 127.

128. Du Hausser, Mme, Memoirs of Mme
de Pompadour, 65.

129. Ertole, 2 20.

130. Goncourts, Woman vf the tSth Cen-
niry, 249

CHAPTER VIII

1 Sec. Economic and Social Conditions,

48 f

2 ruiuk-Brcnranp, VAncten Regime, 422
1. [ a I rmtainenc, French Liberalism and

Edtnation, 6.
4. Lairoiv, 252.
5 Ibid ,151
ft 242.

7 '44-

8 Dcnoirestcrres, III, 1 J3

9 Croqui, Souvenirs, 57, 121,
id Ducros. French Society. Hj.
11. Chesterfield, Letters, I, 348.
12 Brando, I, 147.

1 1 Ibid , 14 1 . '

14. Goncoum, Woman ol the 18th Cen-
tury, 187,

1 j ibid., 188.

i<5 Mornct, Origincs mtellectuelles de la
Revolution francaise, <3

17. Funck-Brentano, 50.

18 Ducros, 61

19 Quoted in FuncK-Brontano, no
20. Tame, Ancient Regime, 1 34

21 Walpolc, Letters, I, )<»9 (Oct. 28, 1752)

12 Totti, 1 35.

2). Frederick the C7rcat, Memoires, I. «j. •

24. D'Argcnson, Memoires, in Martin, H.,

XV. ,4..

25. Ducros, 341.

20. Mowier, Hume, 92.

27. Kolilcr, Carl, History of Cos-t»we, 340.

:8 Crcnui, 123.

29. I.jcroit, 370

)i>. Ducros, 35,

31. Philosophical Dictionary, art. "Lent," in
Works, Via. 108.

32. Mou&nicr and Labroustc, Dix-buitibne
Steele, 166.

il Michcltr, V, 189.

34. L.ing, P. H„ Music in Western Civilisa-
tion, 441

35 Uurney, C, (ieneral History of Music,
II. 9fi?,</59.

3<S Orove't Dictionary of Music and Musi-
cians, IV, 32od

37 Burney, II, 970.

38 Dideror, Le Neveu de Rameau.

19 Dudoi, C, Considerations stir les
moeurs, 1 \

- rrv -

*«•

42.
4}-
44-
4f-
4*
47

7
S
9

10.

1 1
ll

<J
M.

'5-
i A.

<7-

iH
'9

*)

*5
id

J7
:8.

!<?•
I"
3'

J!
t)

?4
15

Goldsmith, O, Miscellaneous Works,

4J°-

Mme. Vigce-Lebrun, MbnoWes, I, 156.

in Taine, Ancient Regime, 14m.
Goncouns, Woman, 317.
Mannontcl, Memoirs, I, 181.
BatifTol, Gr«f Literary Salons, iji.
Walpole to Gray, Jan 25,1766.
BatifTol. 108.

Ka\anagh, Woman in France during the
18th Century, I, 168

Didcror, "On Women," in Dialogues,
196

CHAPTER IX

Fame!, S , French Art of the ttth Cen-
tury, ?6
. Ibid , 91.
, Funck-Brentano, 180

Louvre

See the great commode in the Wallace

Collection

Dilke, Ladv E., French Architects and

Sculptors of the ttth Century, 77

I In J,, Si

Louvre.

Turner and Baker, Stories of im r reach

Aruus, 181

fjijiin Museum.

Versailles Museum.

Lou\ re

Bfirnc, Court Painter, 164.

Diderot. Salons, 1, 9, 1 14-19.

Boarne, \),

Turner, 19}.

Goncouns, French iSth-Century Plant-
ers, fit.

Turner, 197

I.ouvre.

Block, Francois Boucher and the Beau-

vats Tapestries, :6.

Goncourr. French Painters, 69. ,

Se*en arc in the Huntington Library

and Gallc rv at San Marino, Cilif

Ibid.

Wallace Co^ctmn.

Gom-ourn. fre .ch Painters. 91

Ibid 84.

Block, n.

Ridder. Char Jin 8. G»mcoum, French

Painters . 1:7

Lou 1 re

I mure.

I ouvre

Goncouns, 141-41, Havens, Age of

Ideas, ji 1.

Dideror, Salons, III, 4.

Goncouns, 1770.

Ibid.

Ibid.

37. Ibid., 16411.

jR. Louvre

19. Sr -< Jucntin Museum.

40. Dresden.

41. St.-Quentin.

CHAPTER X

I. Duel os. Considerations, 117

». Grnnni. Corrcspondance, III, 75

j Parton, I, 509.

4. Voltaire, essay "Ancient and Modern

Tragedy," in Works, XlXa, 1 J4.
5 "Discourse on Tragcdv," in Works,

XlXb. 181 f.
6. Parton. II, 325.

7 Brjndcs, I, 7;.

8 Edwards. H. S.. Idols of the French
Stage, 83, Sainrc-Bcuve, Portraits of the
1 fib Century, I, 170,

9. Michclct, V, 303.
in Sainrc-Beuie. I, 180.
11. Michc'ct, V", 304.

i! Mitford, N. Madame de Pompadour,
116

1 3 Hazard, European Thought tn the 18th
Century, 160.

14 Marivaux, Vie de Marianne, 3.

15 Crebillon fils, Le Sopha, introd.

16 Le Soph 1, 6?

17 Pal ache. Four Novelists of the Old Re-
gime, 4. 49.

18 Crebillon, Le Sopha, inrrod.

19. Satntibun, CI., introd. to Prcvosc's

Man on Lesraut, rliii.
to. Marion Lescaut. ::o.
21. Ibid., 10.
11. ? 7
il Faguct, E-. Literary History of France,

4K9.

14 Saintsbury, introd to Manon Lescaut,

tX-MI

15 Btirv, J.': History of the Idea of Prog-
reft, ijj-i6 M irtin. K . 180.

16. l.nhten.frgLT. A, Le So.-i.r/ir»«e et la
Resolution I r liaise, 73, Martin, H..
\V, 335; Martin, K . 6j. Hazard, i<f-.

sj In Martin. K .61

18. In Crocker Age of Crisis, 416-19

!9 Due I os. Considerations, 11-11.

|(i I hid , 17, :i

V '-y-

II. if.

|{. I orli. 38

J4 La Briivcrc .md Vmvcnargucs, Selec-

iiont 1 89
j j Vjiivcii irguus Oeuiret cboiuet, i.xv

IV.

j6. Li Uriiveie and Viuvcnirgues. 179-
37. Vuivenargiies, ccxxxvn
18 Ibid , ci s\\n.

- TtV -

39. Crocker, Age of Crisis, 158-39.

40 Ibid , jo.

41 . Vauvenargues, cuijc.

41. La Bruyere and Vauvenargues, 173 •[

4}. Vauvenargues. a.

(4. Ibid , Lvii.

45. CLXXX.

46. CLVII.

47- P- « i8.

48. P. 173.

49. ibid

50. J 10.

51. Voltaire, tetter of Apr. 4, 1744. in Mar-
tin, H , XV. 40711.

ji. Voltaire. XlXa. 4}

53. Sorel, A , Uomesquieu, 1 15

54. /*irf,9.

55- *J

56 Montesquieu. Spmt of Lms, Book V

Ch. xix.
57. Perjiou Letters, •am.
j8 In Sorel, 4)
T9 Herodotus, History, IV. 18}.

60 Aristotle, Htttoriammultum, \m. iz (

61 Persian Lertrs, \n
6i. Letter xxiv

6] xxix.
£4 CXVlll.

6y. cxiti
66 cxviii.

67. xxxv.

68. lxxxvi.

69. Sorel, 49

70 Grandeur et decadence des Remains,
mtrod., vi.

71 Ibid., Cb.xviu.
71. Ch. xii.

73 Ch. xviii.
74. Ch. vi.
75 Ch.xv.

76. Quoted in Faguet, Dn-huitiemt Side,

"95-

77. Spirit of Lavti, preface.

78. Ibid.

79. Palache, jj.

80. Marnn, K„ 151.

8 1 Spirit of Lout, Book 1, Ch. ill.
81 Ibid, XIV, i-x.

83. XVI, i-iii.

84. Ibid., x<

85. Ibid.

86. XIV, v.

87. VIII, xvi-xix.

88. E*pUnacor\ notes prefixed by Montes-
quieu to the second edition.

89. IV, vi.

90. In See, H., Idees politique! en France an
xviu' siecle, 46.

91. Spmt of Lews, VIII, ii.
91 V, xiii.

93 • V. x.

04 XI. vi

91; Ibid.

96 Ibid.

97. XI. lit.

98 Grandeur et decadence, Ch. vii. '

99. Spirit of Lava, XXIII, xxvui.

00. XV, v.

101. X, u.

102. XIII, xvii.

103. Pensies diverse!, in Hearnshaw, Great
Thinkers of the Age of Reason, 1 16.

104 Faguet, Dit-humente Steele, 173.

105 Spirit of Ljws, XXIV, x.

106 I. i.

107 XII, <\ix

108 In Havens, Agi of Ideas, 111

109 Spirit of Lav.<s, XXIV, Li.
1 10. Ibid., iii and xxvi,

111 XXIV. v.

111 XXV. v

113. Ibid., jchi.

1 14 Ibid., x.

1 iV Quoted in Faguet, 19;.

1 16 Sorel, 166.

1 17. Pappas, Berthter'i Journal de Trcvoux,
78 f., Martin, K, 153

118. Sorel. 163.

1 19. Martin, K„ 168.
1:0. Sorel,

iii Volou >.IXa, 138-39

1 21. Philosophical Dictionary, arc. •'Climate,"
in Works, IVa, 204-9.

12). Ibid.

124. Art. 'Laws," in Works, Via, 104.

1:5. Art. "Laws, Spirit of," in Works, Via,
106-8.

1 26. Morley, Life of Voltaire, 9.

127 Cf. Nlacaulav, Critical Essays and
Poems, I, n6, Dunning, History of Po-
litical Theories, III, 428-31. Flint. His-
tory of the Philosophy of History, 272-
7<5, Brunctierc. 301, Stephen, L., English
Thought in the iSth Century, II, 188,
Sorel, 139-41.

1 28. Spirit of Laws, VII, iii.

129. Spencer, Principles of Sociology (3V.,
London, 1876-96).

130. Luski, H., Political Thought in Eh gland,
109,

131. Tame, Ancient Regime, 213.

132. Wilpole, Letters, H, 187 (Jan. 10, 1750)
133 Sainu-Beuvc, Portraits, 1. 146.

134. Hearnihaw. French Thinkers of the

Agfof Reason, 1 16.
1 3j. Havens, Age of Ideas, 1 27,
136. Sorel, 169.
137 f irimm. Correspondence, 1 1, 49 1 ,

138. Gibbon, E„ Decline .md Fall of the Ro-
man Empire (1779 ed ), II, 141.

139. Walisrewski, Romance of an Empress,
91.

- YXA -

140. Sorel, 171.

f >i. Fapuer, Dix-huitieme Siirlr, 188.

CHAPTER XI

1 Detnoiresterres, I, 410.

1 Bain. R N., m Voltaire, Cbarlet XII,

introd." rxn.
j. Ejj . BucUe. J, 577

4. Voltaire, Charles XII, p 1 1

5. Ibid, 334.

6. Letter of \og 25, 1731. m Works,
XXIa, 116

7. Zj;«, 1. 1, in Works, Xa, 17
8 Zaire, II, iti

9, Desnoircsccrres, II, 2
to. Crequi, Souvenirs, 35.
Ji Brandes, I. 256.
1:, Ibid , 34-.

1;. Letters on .»'■(? English, Letter 1, in
_, l"<v*j, XlXb, 193-98.

I 4 Letter v.

1 5 /fed

16 Letter viii, trinslarion In Havens, Age
of Ideas, 168.

.7 !btd„ 169.

18 I <tur x.

19. Litter viii, Hi!i»nsli?w, French Think

ers of 1be Age c\ Reason, 151
jo. Works, XLXb, 29.
31. Brandes, 1, 103

II Voltaire, Xlb, 212
>]. Ibid., 119.

=4 »35

;«. Buckle, I, 517.

16 Parton, 1, 215
17. 'Ibid,, joj.

28 341.

29 Desnoircstcrrcs, II, 1 39.
3c. Parton, 1, 384.

3 j. Dcsnoirestcrres, II, 239.
31. Ibid., Ill, 113-1;-.

33. Francoise de Graffigny, Vie privee de
Voltaire et Mme du Chatelet A Ctrey
CParis, 1820), in Brandcs, I, 400.

34. Brandes, 1, 354.

J5 Pomcau, La Religion de Voltaire, 190

3< Parton, 1, 391

37 C.Vcqui, jy.

;S Parton, 1, 389.

39 Wade, Ira, Volwire and Mine, du

Chatelet, 14

to Ibid.

t' 37-

;2 Brandes I, 398.

43 Voluirc, XXIa. 197-201.

44 Dcsnoircsterrcs, III, 330.
\y Voltaire, ,\XIa, 193, 209.

,6 Letter of \pr, 15, 1741, in Gay, Vol-
taire's Politics. 26.
</ Brindib, f, 365, Desninieiterrc!., II, 53

48
49.
SO

51.
5'
53

54-

?5-
?6

<7

58
W
60

61
62.
«)

64

6y.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70

7<

7'

7J-

74-

75-

76.

77
78
70.
80
81
81

83.
«4

8?

86.

87
88

89.
00
'»•

92
94

</)

97
9"
W
mm

Voltaire, XXIb, 107.
la, 299

Voltaire, Traite de mctaphysiqHt (Oeu-
vrei completes, XLITI), end of Ch. i.
Ibid., p 187.

Taine, Ancient Regime, 2 ?8.
La Pucelle, Canto 11, in Works, XXa.
8, f.

Voltaire. Alzire, 1. 1
Brandes, J, 361
Parton, I. +45.

Fellous and Torrey, Age of Enlighten
inrnt, 474

Mahomet, III. vi. in Works, V'HIb, 55
Brandes. II, 8

Voltaire and Frederick the Great. Let-
ters, p 101

Gibbon, E , Journal, 1 30.
Parton, I, 461.
Brandes, i, 40;.
Ibid.

Mitford, N, Voltaire tn Love, 75-.
Parton, I, J42-45.
Martin, H., XV, 401.
Voltaire, XXIb. 98
XXla, (90, 193.
Ibid., 195.
Parton, I, 575.
Ibid., 351.
Voltaire. VTlTb, ti.
Ibid,n.
Voltaire, I la, 181
lb, 6.
lib. 41
Ha, 63.
Ila, 24.
II a. 44-4?
Parton. I 581-81.

Voltaire and Frederick, Letttrs, ?38,
• 91

Longchamp in Parton, I, 553 f.
Longrhamp in Dc:noirestcrrcs, III 24.6
and Parton, I. 556.
Parton. I, 562.

Voltaire and Frederick, Letters. i Vl
Desnoiresterres, III, 390.
Parton, I. 571.

Voltaire-Frederick Letters, 33.
\ oltaire, Lettres (fain our a sa niece, <> 3
Voltaire, Love Letters to His Niece, 46
Dr. Bcbterrrun translates c.izzo as
"prick."

Lettres d'arnoiir, f. Love Letters, 48
Lettres J'.wiouti 69, Love Let'ers, 54
Letters J' amour, 77 Love Lc'tert 57
Lettres J" amour, 77, Love Le'iirs 58
Lettres d' amour, 146
Love Letters, 103
Lettres d' amour, 1 j.
Marmontcl, .Mtwiri, I, m
Mitford, N , Voltaire m Lovttlai

- m -

01. Nicolson, Age o\ Reason, 1 10.
oj. Voltaire-Frederick Letters, 212

Voltaire's Politics, 150
oj. Gay„iji.

CHAPTER XII

Gay.

i

4-

5-
6.

7
8

9-
10

1 1.

12.

<]

'4-

«5"-

t6.

18.

10
in.

M.
22.

'-}

M-

»>•

26

tl.
29.
lo,

**.

11.

Mossner, Hume, 210.
Richard, E , Hut or y of Ciermm Civili-
luson, 3:6, de Tocqucwlle. VAncicn
Regime, 27. Thompson. J VV„ £co-
notmc and Social History of the

Later Middle -Iges. 483
Tame. Ancient Rt^mie, 28
See Muhlhausen as described in Spina
I. S. Bach, I, 344

Lang, //mir i/» Western Civilisation,
608

Montagu. I ady .Mary \V„ Letters, I,
2<j (Nfov 2i: j ,i;i$).

Tierze Treasures oj the Great National
Galleries, 1 37,
Burncy, C, General History of Music,

H. W 3

Dcsnoiresrerres, IV, 160.

In Cassirer, Philosophy oj; the Enlight-

erninnr, 314.

Franc ke, History of German Literature,

22j.

Ausubel. Superman: The Life of Fred-
erick the Great, jf6.

Wolf, History of Science . . . and Phi-,
lorophy, 778.

Hazard. European Thought in the lith
Century, 40.

Lovt|oy, Essays in the History of Ideas,
108

Em\flnf„ XXIII, 697c.
Enc. of Religion and Ethics, VIII, 818b.
Schoenfeld, Women of the Teutonic
Nation*, 283.
I hid , 198

Test in Smith, P., History of Modern
Culture II, 601.

Chesterfield, Letters, Sept. y, 1748
GolJjmitW. O.. inquiry into the Present
State of Polite Learning in Europe, in
Miscellaneous Worki, 426.
Frederick rhe Great, Mimoires, I, 63
Montagu, Lady Mary, letter of Dec. 17,
1716

Dillon. F , Glass, j.

Bock. E, Qescbichte der Graphstben
Kunst, 477-84.
Berlin

Baroekmuscitm. Vienna.
Suwell, S. German Baroque Art, 94.
Oriotd History of Mtmc, IV, 4,
Uing. 4«*

SpitU' 'BVb,- Tl. 4°. Enc #»'*., XVII,
tjtfb.

Spina, III. 18

Rolland, Musical Tour, 84
iW., 211.
207-8.

Grove's Dictionary of Music, II, 556.
Rolland, 21m
Grotv'r, V, 297.
Eliding in Roll in J, 110.
E g . Concerto in D for trumpet. Suite
in" A Minor for Bute, Don Quixote
Suite.

Schwcit/cr, A , /. S. Bach, I, 103-4.
Spina, I, 37;.

Grove's, I, 1 {8 On the Vivaldi tran-
scriptions, see Pinchcrle, Marc, Vivaldi,
230-31.

Spina. II, 147
Lang, 403.
Grot*'r, I, 1 (St.
Schucirzcr, I, 115.
Spina, III, 261-04.
Grove's, I, 165.
Pratt, History of Music. 257.
Schwciuer, 1, 338.
ibid., jit.
Spina. II, 55.

Fnrkel in Schweitzer, I, 323
Ibid,, 404.
:o2,

Lang. 490.

Davison. A„ Bach and Handel, 56.
Sc'hwci'«r, I, 180.
Spina, III, 252.
Ibid.

Womstock, Handel, 4,
Grove's, I, 167
Rolland, 71
Spirt.). II, 147.

AlcKinncy and Anderson, Music in His-
tory, 407.

Words of the preacher at Bach's fu-
neral. Spina, III, 275
Letter of Karl Zelter in Schweitzer, I,

Ibid. 230, Rolland, 2191 Davison, 11.
Sehweirm. 1. 238. '
Ibid., 142
«54

CHAPTER XIII

1 Carlyle. T.. Fncdrich the Second, IV.

171

2 Goodwin. European Nobility, 1 29,

l Montapu. Lady Mary. Letters. I, 245.
4. Goodwin, 1 1 2

5 Mowit. H l». ^^ , of Reason. 264. New
• Ctinb Mod Hutury VII. 402.
I. In 1714-M.
1 »7"»- V J).

3?
34

36,

37>
38,

39

40
4'

12.

4}

44

4fi
*7

;»
40

jo,
J'
Ji
??
54.
$S-
56
57.
58.
59
60
61
62
62
*4
65
i6

«7

<s«

r«.
7>

72

73

7*

- rr« -

8.

9-
10.
it.

ii.

«J»
•4-
•J-
itf.

«7-

1 8.

19.

21,
ti,
»3.

M-

»5-
16.

1 7-
28.
29.

30.
3'-
}'•
ii-

M-
55-
36.

il-
ia.

39-
40,
41.
42.

43-

44.

45-
„6.

47-

48.

49.

SO.

5>

$'•

S3-

54-

55-

S«

57-
58.

171J-56
«7"-J»-
»7*9-J»-

Nawrath, Austria, ij. The church was
built in 17)),

Sirwell, German Baroque Art, yj; cf.
Baedeker, Austria, 46.
Barockmuseum, Vienna.
Ibid.

Montagu, Lady M„ 1, 238.
Burncy. C, II, 941.

Gamett, iL, History of lulum Litera-
ture, 315.

Frederick, Mbnoires, 1, 14.
Enc. Bnt n X. 274b.

Com, Wm, History of the House of
Austria, III, 241.
Ibid., 241.

New Comb. Mod. History, VII, 407.
Monroe, Paul, History of Education,

435-

Macaulay, Essays, II. 121; Acton, Lec-
tures on Modern History, 288.
Comb. Mod. History, VI. no.
lbtd., 213,
114.

Carl vie, Friedricb, 1, 3};.
Wilhclmine, Margravine, Memoirs, 31,
34, ji, 104.
/Md\, 13,63.
Carlyle, 1, 377.
Wilhelmine, 91.
Ibid., 84, 91.
Carlyle, 11,95.

Comb. Mod. History, VI, 111.
Wilhclmine, 109.
Ibid , 164.
Carljle, II, 327.
Ibid., 339.

349-

Wilhclmine, 230.

Carlyle, III, 64-66.

Ibid., 66-68.

Voltaire-FrcJenck Litters, Nov. 4, 1736.

Apr. 7. 1737.

Jan. 20. 1737.

Frederick to Voltaire, Nov. 4, 1736,

Feb. 8, 1737.

Dec. j, 1736.

Dec. 25, 1737.

June, 1738.

Dec. 25. 1737.

Mar 18, 1738.

Carlyle, III, 98.

Parton, I, 240.

Frederick, quoted in V.illari, P , Life and

Tunes of hiccolo Machicrvelti, II, 201.

In Franckc, History of German Luera-

•ure, 230.

Carlyle, III, 142.

VaJon in Ausubel, 43;.

50. Frederick to Voltaire, June 6. 174a.

60. June 17, 1740.

61. Lea, H. C, Superstition and Force, 57$.
6a. Carlyle, III. 161

6]. Ibid., 16}.

64. Smith. P n History of Modern Culture.

"o7«
6y. Carlyle, III, 175.

66. Goldsmith, O, Miscellaneous Works,
417.

67. Carlyle, III, 233.

68 Ibid.; Desnoiresrerres, II. too.

69. Voltaire-Frederick Letters. 14).

70. Fleury to Voltaire, Nov* 14, 1740, in
Parton, 1, 4)8.

71. Ibid.

71. Carlyle, III, 278.

73. Ausubel, 443.

74. Lurzow, Count von, Bohemia, 317.

75. Frederick, Memoiret, 1, 94.

76. Ibid n ioj.

77. Coxe. House of Austria, HI, 170; Macau-
lay, Essays, U, 126.

78. Enc. Brit* XIV, 88id.

79. Carlyle, IV, 70.

80. Cbxe, III, 309.

81. Carlyle. V, 36.

8a. Voltaire to Frederick, March, 1741, in
Voltaire-Frederick Letters, iyo.

83. Frederick to Voltaire, Feb. 11, 1741.

84. Frederick, Mbnoires, I, j.
8;. Enc. Brit , IX. 718c.

86. In Robertson. J. M., Short History of
Freetbougbt, II, 313.

87. Carlyle, V, 101.

88. Ibid n III. 260.

89. Carlyle, V, 197, hotly repudiates any
sodomitic implications.

co. Enc. Brit., IX, 718c.

91. Carlyle. V, 6 j.

92. ibid., VII, 461; Mowat, Age of Reason,
101.

93 Letter of Aug. 31. 1750, in Parton, I. An.

94 Desnoiresterres, IV. 108.

9;. Tame, Ancient Regime, a8in.

96. Voltaire, Works, XXIa, in.

97. Parton, 1, 610.

98. Ibid.

99. Carlyle, V, 137.

100. ibid , 146.

101 Gay, Volutre's Politics, 134.

101. Voltaire. XXIa, 213.
ioj. Lanson, Voltaire, 111-13.

104. Parton, 1. 340.

105. Chesterfield, letter of Apr. 1 3, 1732.

106. Parton, II. J9-

107. ibid, {9-60, Dewoirctcrrcs. IV. 196.

108. Morlcy. Life of Voltaire, 184.

109. Carl)le, V, 181.

1 10. Ibid^ 180.
in. 109.

- re\ -

«U- 113. 34-

]]}. 114, Strachey. Books and Characters, 35.

191. ' 3<-

4. Voltaire, XiXa, 184/. 37.

11 j. /Mi

1 16. Parton, II, 1x6. 38.

117. /Wrf, 103. 39-
IIS. Carlyle.V. 1x3. 40.
119. P*rton,IL io>. 4'-
r*o. JMrf., 138.

lit. V'ottkire, Lettrtt dT Alsace, ijj-j6 (Dec. 41.

•4. WJ)- ■»■

ix*. Piran, II, 107-69. 44.

113. Momejquicu, letter of Sept. iS, 1733, ir. 45
i.anfrey, Vtglhe « to pmosopbes, •<>. 4*-

114. Philosophical Dictionary, article "Quak- 47
ew." '8.

125. Bertram!, J. {yAlembert, $1.

40.

CHAPTER XIV

*o.

1. Letter of May 17, 1756, in Chapoanierc, 51.

Voltaire cbex let Calvotistes, 18. 51.

x. £pinay. Mint. J*. Memoirs and Cone- 53.

spondanse, 10, (78.

3. Marmomel, Memoirs, L 317. 54.

4. Motley, Life */ Voltaire, 100, $$.
5 BosweiL Wf* of Samuel Johnson, S7.

(!. Oechsli, VV., History of Svrincrlmd,
160.

7. /Wrf, 171.

8. In Herold, Tfe* Suva without Halos, 1.
itfi.

9. Oechsli, 164.

10. Com, Travels in Sviitsertcnd, II, 115.

1 1. /Wa\, 179. 3.

12. Oechsli, 205. 4.

13. Coxe, Travels, 1, 304. y .

14. Oechdi 143. «.
ij. MM, 145.

16. Com, IL a£s.

17. Casanova, Memoirs, 1, 391, 407. 7.
t8. Cow, IL zo3. 8.
19. /W</.

>4. Francke, History of German I itrratttre, 9.

mo. to-

2 1 . Lough, J, The Encyclopit.it, 50. 11.

xi. £piiuy, Memoirs, III, 199. it.

13. Coxe, II, 357. ir.

14. fepinay, HI, 173-75.

15. Mason, P, La Heliport de Rv«"ttu, I, 14.
10-11. 1;.

16. In Naves, Voltaire tt PEncyclopic"t, 16.

14& 17.

17. fftnf, 39. iS.
if. 40.

to. Lough, 94. i 9 .

30. Dcsnoirewerres, V, 179-81. 10.

31. Lough, ox. ,,.
3 *. Geneva. Muscc d'Art et d'Hiscoirc.

33. Jem Gabercl in Parton, II, xx8. 21

Voltaire, Essai sur let moeurs, Ch lxviii.
Morley, 184.
/Md., 290.

Flint, History of the Philosophy of His-
tory, ij4

Lerrct toThieriot, Oct. 31, 1738.
Parton, 1, 465.
Buckle, I, ;8o.

Phil. Diet., art. "History," in Works,
Vb, 64.
Ibid.

Voiutre, Worfc, XVIa. 137-
XlVa, xjo.

Essai sur Irs moeurs, Ch. xx.
Ibid., Ch. exxxix.
Lanson, Voltaire, t 23-24.
Robertson. Wm, History of the Reign
of Charles V, 1, 390.

"Observations 'on History." in Works,
XlXa, x6o.
Essex, Ch. exevii.
Ch. lxviii.

II'orAf, XVIa. f 313-36. 144.
Chateaubriand, The Qtnius of Chris-
litmity, III, iii, 6, p. 430.
Voltaire, XVIa, ijo-JJ
Michelet, V. 174.

CHAPTER XV

Goncourts, Woman of the itth Cen-

tvry^vjt.

Smith, P., Modern Culture, II, 543-, Nic-

oison, Age of Reason, 104.

Frederick to Voltaire, June 29, 1771.

Voltaire, If'orfor, VHb. 143.

Lecky, Histoty of Rationalism, 143.

Blackstone, Commentaries (Oxford,

^7?j), IV, 60, in Lea, H. C, History of

nhe^nquttiiton in Spain, IV, 147.

Clark, G. N„ The 17th Century, 246.

Voltaire's estimate, in Works, XXla,

250.

Mark xri, 16.

Smith, P., Modern Culture, II, j> 3 .

Ibid., 55<J.

Sjo.

Putnam, G. H M Censorship of tae

Church of Rome, II, 45$.

Wilson, A., Diderot, ixi-jj.

Brandes, II, 107.

Bertrand, D'Alemhert, 91.

Brandes, II, 50.

Mornet, Ortgines mtellecturlles de la

Revolution frmcaise, 158.

Cf. Catholic Enc, III, 189.

Voltaire. Notebooks, II, jji.

Faguet, Literary History of France, 361.

yifi

Smith, P., II, z68.

- YfV -

23. Schweitaer, A., Quest of the Hinoricil
ferns, iy

24. Quoted in Lovejoy, Essays m the His-
f tory of Ideas, 103.

25. Ibid.., 10) f

26. Hsin-hai Chang, in private correspond-
ence v, ith the authors.

17. In Lovejoy, Essays, 105.

28. Voltaire, Age of Louis XIV, 45J.

29 In Lovejoy, 105-4.

30. Maverick. L. A., China, a Model for
Europe, 126.

31 Fulop-Miller, R„ Pover end Secret of
the Jesuits, 485.

31. Reich win, A , Chtna and Europe, 114.

33. Voltaire, Works, Villa, 176

34. Pinot, V., La Chine et la formation de
Vesprit pbUosopbiqve en France, 425

35. Ibid., its, 2B1.

36. Maverick, 241.

37. Ibid n 113.

38. Philosophical Dictionary, art. "Glory,"
in Works, Va, 208,

jo. Works, XVIa, 119; XVJJTb, 278.

40. Xllla, 29.

41. Montesquieu, Persian Letters, n.n.

CHAPTER *XVI

1. Buckle, I, 66on

2. Fuss, N., in Smith, D. E., History of
Mathematics, I, 51 j

3. Bell, E. T., Men of Mathematics 148.

4. Ibid., i;6.

5. 159.

6. Wolf, History of Science, 70.

7. Whitehead, A. N., Science and the
Modern World, 91

8. Bell, 170

9. Ibid.

10. 171,

11. 185.

1 2. Whitehead, 90,

13. In Crocker, Age of Crisis, 8

14. Bertrana, D'Alembert, 31,
ij, Morley, j., Diderot, 1, 123,

id. Berrrand, 143, 153, 164, Segur, Julie dt
Lesptnasse, 113-14.

17. Wolf, 217.

18. Williams, History of Science, II, 27J.

19. Smith, P., Modern Culture, II, 7).

20. Williams, II, 180.

21. Ibid., 189.
21. too.

2). 195, Wolf, 232

24, Gibbon, Essai tur V etude de la litter/-

ture, in Miscellaneous Writings. 2,
n. Williams. IV, 11.

26. Scheele, Treatise on Fire and Air. in
Wolf, 358

27. Ibid., 3yo.

28,
29,
30,

J'.

3»-
33-
34-
35-

3<S-

37-

} 8.

33-

40.
41

4>
43

44
45-
46.

47
4«.
49t
?o

S'

SJ.

5».

54-

a-

jo.

57-

j8.

59.
60.
61.
61.
63.
64.

6j.

66.

67.
63.

F.ic. Brii^ XX, 62c.
ibid , «2h.

Moore, F. J, History of Chemistry, 3;.
38.

French, S. J, Torch and Crucible; The
Life and Death of 'Antoine Lavoisier,
80.

In Wolf, 353.
Moore, 44.
Ibid., 42.

Huxley, T. H„ Science and Education,
*3-

In Wiiley, Eighteenth-Century Bac h
grourU, 17;

Pnesdey, Jo», Etiay on the Frrst Prin-
ciples of Government, in VViJley, 195.
Pnesdey, History of the Corruptions of
Christianity, in Wiiley, 1 70. '
Essay on the First Principles of Govern-
ment, in Huxley, 27,
lbid n in Wiiley, 197

Schuster, M. Lincoln, Treasury of the
World's Great Letters, 187
French. S, J, 21s

Dakin, Turgot ana the Ancien Regime
m France, 166.
Moore, 49,

McKie, Antome Lavoisier, 115
Ibid,, 293

)»$•
j 19.

4»f

404.

407.

French. 267

Williams, III, 1 1

Langcr, VV L, Encyclopedia of World

History, 435

Berry, Short History of Astronomy,

Bun

lUrney. Fanny, Diary, 161 (Dec, 30,
1786).

Williams, III, at,
Enc. flrif., XI, jiod.
Bertrand, D'Alembert, 45.
Marnn. H., XV, 397,
Bell, Men of Mathematics, 173,
Ibid.

Laplate, Sysieme du monde, V, vi, in
Berry, 311

Laplace, Theorie analytiqut dts probt-
bilites, preface, in Nagcl, Structure zf
Science, 282

Quoted by Cajon in Newton, Mathe-
matical Principles of Natural Philoso-
phy, 677.

Sedgwick and Tvler, Short History of
Science, 332.

Mousnier and Labrousse, Dix-huttltmt
Slide, 31,

- TtT -

69 In Bell, 182.

70 Berry, 507.
71. Wolf, 199.

7 j. B^ff on, Oeuvres, IX, 455.
7j Ibid., 388,

74. XI, 454.

75, Saime-Beu\e, Portraits of the ilth Cen-
tury, II. 169

76 Burton, Oeuvres, IX, 454.

77 Tntmer, Architects of Ideas, 66,

78. Gourlie. Prince ol Botanists: Ctrl Lin-
r naeus, 3,

79. Ibid., 34.

80. In Hazard, European Thought in the
ilth Century, 354.

81 Locv, Biology and Its Makers, 121.

81. Siinti'-Beuve, II, 283

,8j. Leek) , History of . . . Rationalism, II,

16
84 Osborn, H. F„ From the Greeks to Dor-

•u n, 130
8; Benne, A Court Painter and his Circle,

171
HA Rousseau, letter of Sept. 21, 1771.
87 Gourlie, 270
HR Wolf. 45?
89 Ibid , 456

v° 45''.

91 Enc Brit , Will 3a.

92 Locv, 399

93 Wolf, 349

94 Ibid ,450

95 Jirdine. Win , The Naturalist's Library,

96 Ibid., 321

97 Saintc-Bcuve II, 264

98 Osborn 136 w

99 In Buttcrheld, Origins of Modern Sci-
ence, 17?

100 Buffon. Disc outs <ur la nature des am-
wmiit, in \larnn, M , XVI, 37.

101 Goncourts, Madame de Pompadour,
'4?

102 Osborn. H F.. Men of the Old Stone
Age. \.

101 OSfcyn. From the Greeks to Dartcin,
1)4, and Martin, K., Rise of French
L'ibtril Thought, 99-100.

104 In Sn ith, P, II, 518.

(95 In Buffon, Oeu;rfs 1 ompletes, I, irttrod,

XXII.

ii)6, Rousseau, letter of Nov 4, 1764.
107, Sainte-Beinc, II. 208.
108 Buffon, I, mtrod . x-.-m.

109. Ibii., XII, 324-30

110. Ibid y.jn

1 1 1. Ha7ard, 144

112. Voltaire, letter to Hclvvcius, Oct. 17,
1740

■ 13. SainteS-Beuvc, II, 234

114 Jardine, 32,
115, Ibid, 29,

' t6. In Fellows and Torrey, Age of Enlight-
enment, 588n.'

117. Garrison, F., History of .Medicine, 334.

118. Loxcjov, A„ The Great Chain of Be-
ing, i}}-

1 19. Reaumur, Mhnoires, in Smith, P., Mod-
ern Culture, II, 101.

f2o. Vartjnian, A., Diderot and Descartes,

176.
i:t, Osborn, From the Greeks to Darvin,

j 18.
■ 22. Maupertuis in Crocker, Age of Crisis

81.

123. Osborn, 114-1;.

124. Ibid , in.

125. Lo\ej©), Essays in the History of Ideas,

'47-

126. Turberiille, A. S., ed , Johnson's Eng-
land, II, 145,

127. Osborn, 119.

128. Ibid., 145,

129. 146

130. Ibid.

i}' '49-

132 Brett, G. S, History of Psychology

133. Condillac, Traite des sensations, 38

134. Ibid..

135. Ibid., 70.

136. Wolf, 689,

CHAPTER XVII

1, Osier, Evolution of Modern Medicine,

187
:. Sigenst, Great Doctors, 135.
3 Castig loni, A., Hhtory of Medicine,

602
4, Williams, II S., History of Setevet

l\ . 78.
5 Garrison, History of Medicine, 346.
6. Ibid

7 Varranian, Diderot a?ij Descartes, 270.

8 Wolf, 263.

9 L ocy, Groiith of Biology, 443.

10. Castigliom, 613.

11. Voltaire, Philosophical Dictionary, art.
"Good."

12. Garrison. 402.

13 Bcsanr, London, j8o.

14. Himes, Medical History of Contracep-
tion, 187.

15. Ibid., 191
16 198.

17. Chesterfield, Letters, Feb. 5, 1750.

18. Volnire. U'vrR XlXb, 24.

if. CJontourr., The Wuman of the iftb
k Century, 11.

- m -

M. See, Economic and Social Conditions in
Frmet in the iStb Century, 4a.
1. Garrison, jn.
i, Traill, Social England, V, 415.

3. Chamousset in Lacroix, Eighteenth Cen-
tury in France, 17 1.

+ lbid.

.$. Garrison, 400.

6. Ibid.

7. Casrigliont, 657.

9. Ducros, French Society in the iSth Cen-
tury, 179.
9I Ercole, Gay Court Life, 421.

0. Harding, T, S., Fads, Frauds, and Physi-
cians, 151.

1. Casriglioni, 641.
». Traill, V, ji.

}. Montagu, Lady Mary W.. Letters, I,
308.

4. Halsband, Life of Lady Mary Worthy
Montagu, 111.

j. White, A. D, Warfare of Science -with

Theology, II, sy.
\6. Ibid., 57; Garrison, 373.

7. Voltaire, Works, XlXb. 20.

8. Garrison, 351.

9. Besanr, 377-78.

0. Garrison, 343.

1. Ibid., no.

2. La .Mettric, At. in a Machine, dedication.

3. Phil. Diet., art. "Physicians."

4. Ford, Boris, cd., From Dr.yden to John-
son, 111.

j. Havens, The Age of Ideas, 345.
d. Garrison, jjj; Sigcrist, 237.

Aldis, Madame Geoffrin, 191; Hcrold.

Die Sk'iss vrithout Halos, 8j.

8. Brandes, Voltaire, II, 1 1 1 .

9. Almc. d*£pinay, Memoirs, til, 200.

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