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cjit lii -sii ijMji yujji f Uj^ij c aui-g-i^i j ^jj slit^i ,irl

CHAPTER I

1. Ammianu8 Marcel linvs, xxi, 16.

2. Philostorgius, fl, 9, In Cibbon,

Decline and Fall of the Roman
Empire, II, 78.

3. Soiomen, Ecclesiastical History,
II, 3-

4. Lot, Ferdinand, End of the
Ancient World 71 ; Bury, J. B,,
Histroy of the Later Roman
Empire,}, 87,

5. Cambridge Medieval History,
IV, 748.

6. Ibid., 1, 593.

7.- Munro and Sellery Medieval
Civillization, 87, says 30,000:
Bury, op. cit, aays 70,000.

8. Dudden, F. H., Qregery the

Great, I, 129.

9. Duchesne, L., Early Histary of
the Christian Cbarcb, II, 127.

10. Socrates, Ecclesiastical Histary,
i 37-8.

11. Idid., ii, 7-11.

12. Boissier, Q., La Fin du pagan-
isme, I, 68; Duchesne, II, 25o

13. Boissier, op. cit., I, 87.

14. Euoapiu* Lives of the Sophhists,
16. Capds, W. W., University Life

iu Ancle ft Athens, 66.

16. Boissie, I, 178.

17. Wright, W. C, Introd to Eun-
apiua, I, II. \

18. Cf. Inge, W. R., Philosophy of
Plotinus, 1, 11.

19. la Murray, A. S., History of
Greek Sculpture, I, 96.

20. In Bossier, I, 96.

21. Ammianus, xxii, 5 J Duchesne.
II, 262.

22. Boissier, I, 102.
L23. Socrates, iii, 1.

24. Julian, Letter to the Athenians,
278D- 280.C : Ammianus, xvl,
11-12.

525. Ammianus, xvi, xvl, 63 ; Duc-
hesne, II, lsJ9.

26. Ammianus xviii, 1,

27. Ibid., xvi, 10.

28. Boissier, I, 107.

29. Ammianus, xxv 4.

30. Julian, Misopogon, 338B.

31. Socrates, lii, Ij Ammianus, Kxii, 4.

32. Misopogon, 301 B.

33. Ammianus, xvi, I.

34. Gardner, Alice, /oWo*, Philosop-
her and Emperor 260,

35. Ammianus, vxii, 7.
236. Eunaplus, 477.

37. Julian, Letter 441, In Works
HI.

38. Julian, To Edicius, 23, In Works,

IU.

39. Julian, Against the Galileans,
80 A-94A, 106DE, 168B, 351 D,
238A, 399D.

40. Julian, To the Cynic Herakleios,
205 C.

41. Ibid., 217B.

42. Ibid., 8V?B.

43. Ammisnus xxii, 12.

44. Lucalin, Panegyric in Boissier, 1,

140.
4&. Julian, Letter to a Priest 305B;
To Arsacius.

46. Julian To the High Pries The-
odorus, 16.

47. Letter to o Priest 26o. D.

48. Ammianus, xxii, 10.

m

49. Sozomen, v, 5, 18 ;Julian Works,
111," 41n.

BO. In Boissier, I, 922.

51. Julian, Letter 10; Boissier, I, 127.

62. Julin, Misopgon, 368C.

53. Ammianus, xxii, 13.

B4. Sozomen, vi 2.

55. Ammianus, xxv. 3.'

56. Milman, H.H., History of Latin
Christianity I, 112 : Sihler, E O.,
From Agus/us to Agusuiine,
217.

57 Theoderet iii, 28, in Lecky, W.

E H., History of European

Morlas, II, 261.
58. Duchesne, II, 26?.

CHAPTER II

1. Dopsch, A, Economics and Social
Fourdation of European Civilliza-
tion, 89,

2. Williamof Malmesbnry, Chronicle
of the Kings of England, i, 4.

3. Ira, II. C, Superstition and
Force, 451 .

4. Boissier, II, 180.

5. RotovlzeTf, M., Social and
Economic History of the Roman

6. Dill, S., Roman Empire, 297.

7. Jordanes, Ootbic History, // 247.

8. In Tbompon. J. W., Economic
and Social History of the Middle,
Age$, 106,

9. Jordanes, // 26; Oibbon; III, 38.

10. Ammianus, iv, 31.

11. Socrates, iv, 31.

12. Broglie, Due de St. Ambrose,
120-4.

13 Oibbon, III, 168.

14. Bury, J. B., History of the Later
Roman Empire J, 139 ; Oibbon,
III, 175.

15. Pirenne, H., Medieval Cities 36.

16. lonis, Paul, Ancient Rome at
Work.Ti).

17. Boissier, 1,417; Dill, op. cit,

via, m.

18. Salvianns, DeGubemvtione Dei,

19.
20.
21.
22.

23.
24,

25.
26.

28.
29.
30.
31.
32.

33,
34

35.
36.

37

38.

3 9.

40.

41.

42,

43.

44.

45.

46.

47,
48,
49.

v, 28, in T., Frank, Economic
Survey of Ancient Rome, 111, 260.
Boissier, II, 416.
Ibid.

Louie, Caul, 235.
In Hodgkin, T.J Italy arid Her.
Invaders, I, 4si3.
Augustine, Ep. 232,
Salvian, iv 15; vii, passim, and
excerpts in Heitland, W. E,,
Agricola 423 Boissier 11 410, 420,
and Bury Later Roman Empire;
307.

In Dill; 56

Symmachus, Ep, vi 42 ; ii 46 ;
in Dill, 150.

Friedlander, I., RomanLife and
Manners under the Empire, II, 12
II, 29.

Lot, 178; Dill 58; Friedlander,
Ammiamis, xiv, 6.
Symmachus Up. iii 43.
Ammianus xxii 10.
Ibid , xxi, 1 ; Thorndike, L.,
HI story 0/ Magic and Experiment
Science, I, 285.
Ammianus, xvi I.
Macrobius, Opera accedunt
integrae Saturnalia ad fin.
Ibid., I, II.

Claudun; Poems, On the con-
sulate of Stilieho" iii 130.
Ibid., 107, 158,
Boissier, II, 55.

tromf, Ep. exxv, 11.
Lecky,. II, 115.
Ibid., 109.
Sozomen, vi, 33.
Lecky, H, 110; Noldike, Th.,
Sketches from Eastern History,
2I2f.

Lecky, II. HP.

Taylor, H. O., Clahstcal Herit-
age of Middle Ages, 78.
Ibid, ; Olove. T. R,, Life and:
Letters in the Foutb Century, 349*
In Gibbon, III 76.
, Sociates, vi, 3.
Bury, Later Roman Empire, I,
183-9.

■H«-

60. Socrates, vi, 4-5.

51. In Gapham and Power, 116.

62. McCabe, J„ St. Augustine and
His Age, 228.

63. Ibid., 35.

54. Augustine, City of God, ii, 14.

57. Confession, v, 8.

58. Encylopaedia Britannica, II, 682,

59. McCabe Angtistime, 2J4,

60. Catholic Encylopedia, II, 88;
Augngustine, Letters, introd,, xvi
xvlii.

61. Augustine, Ep, 86.

62. Ep. 93.

63. Ep. 173.

64. Ep. 204.

65. Eps, 103, 133.

66. City of God. v, 9; vi. 22, 27.

67. Sermon 2S9.

68. Sermon Ki5.

69. Duchesne, III, 143.

70. Sermon 131.

71. Ep. 181 A.

72. Comment, iu Joali. Evang.
xxix, 6; Sermon 41,

73. In Cambridge Medieval History.
I, 581.

74. De Trinttate, i, 1.

75. D? vera religione, xviv, 45.

76. Sold. I. 7. '

77. Confessions, xlil, 16.
7P. Citv of God, iv. 27.

80. iDe lilero arbitrio, ii, 16.

81. De Gen. ad litt , yii 28; De
Wulf. History of Medieval
philosophy, 1, 118; Catholic
Encylodedia, 1, 90,

82. In De Wulf, I, 117.
Confessions, Book xi,

84. De Trin. . x, 10.

85. bid, viti, 6J Confessions, x, 6.

86. De bano confugali, x' } Figgis
J. N., political Aspects of St
Augustine's City of God, 76
Lea, H. C„ Sacerdotal Celibacy,
47.

87. Confessions, x, 30.

88. Ibid. vii. 14 ; x. 6, 22; xiii, 9.

-89. City of God, vi, 9.

90. Phippians, iii, 20 ; Ephesian*.
ii, 19.

91. Figgis, 46.

92. Marcus Aurelius, Meditations.
iv, 19.

93. City of God, xv, I.

94. Ibid., i, 34.

95. Ibid., xix, 7; xx, 9.

96. Boissier, 11, 331.

97. Augustine, Lettres, p. 38.

98. Comm, on Psalm cxxii.

99. Funk, F.X., Manual of Church
100. Frazer, Sir J. Q., Adonis, Attis,

Osiris, 315
10L. Ibid., 306.

102. In Boissier, II, 118.

103. Renan, E., Marc Aurtte, 629.

104. Duchesne, III. 11.

105. Ibid., 16,

106. Ledky, Morris, II, 61.

107. Ibid., 72.

108. Ibid.,' 83.

109. Ibid.

110. Fisher, H.L., The Medieval
Empire, I, 14.

111. puignebert, C, Christianity
P*ast and Present, 151.

113. Ambrose, Ep. 2, in Boissisr, II,
CHAPTER IV

1. Cambridge Ancient History, XII

2. Haverfield, P., The Roman pec-
O,, Roman Britain, 104.
upation of Britain, 22o ; Home,

3.-QuennelIj M„ Everyday Life in
Roman Britain, 103.

4. Monmsen, Th., Province* of the
Roman' Empire, I, 211.

5. Bede, Ecclesiastical History, v, 24.

6. Oildas, Chronicle, xxxiiij Anglo-
Saxou Chronicle, p. 25.

7. Bede, i, 15; Anglo-Saxon Chro-
nicle, 26

8! Coilingwood, R. Q„ and Myrea,
J,, Roman Britain, 320.

9. Geoffrey of Monmouth, British
History, vii-xi.

m-

10. William of- Malmeebury, Chron-
icle, U.

11. Collingwood, 824,

12. Joyce, p. W., Short History of
Ireland, 77.

13. Hxde, 19.

14. Lecky, Morals, II. 253.

15. Joyce, 123.

16. Briffault, R„ The Mothers, III,
230, quoting De Jubainville, Le
Droit du roi dans Vipoche Irlan-
dahe, in rdvue archdoglque,

XLIII, 332f.

17. Hyde, 71,

18. Ibid,, 83,

W. From the seven;h-centnry "Voy-
age of Brand," in Hyde, 69f,
SO. Bede, i, 13 J Bury, J, B., Life

of Si, Patrick. 54,
21. Duchesne, III, 435.

23, Bury, Patrick,

S3. Nennius, History of the Britons,
11, in Oiles, Six Old English
Chronicles, p. 410,

24, Bury, Potrick, 17?.

25, Ausonius, Poems, Commemoratio
Professorum Burdigalensiam

26, Waddell, H., Medlval Latin

32.

27, Ausonius, Peems, Poretttalia, x,

"88. Ibid,, Ep. xxii, 23f.

20, Stevens, Sidonius Apolimaris,
68-9.

30. Guizot, History of Civilization,
I. 343,

SPl. Dill, Last Century, 206.

82. Stevens, 134-8.

81. Ibid,, 160f.

34. Sidonius Apolliruiis, Pome and.
Letters, Ep. i, 2.

85. In Francke,/<. History, of Ger-
man Literature, ID

36. Sidonius in Lacroix, P., Manners,
Customs, and Dress, 514,

37. Oibbon, IV, 6ft.

38. Oregory of Tours, viij, 9.

39. Lea, Superstition and Force, 318,

40. S3phoc!e<s, Antigone, 11, 276-7.

41. Gibbon, IV, 70.

42. Schoenfeid, Hermann, Women]
of the Teutonic Nations, 41 ;1
Dill, Roman Soeiejy in the

M.rovtngian Age, 47.

43. Salic law xiv ani xli, in Ogg,
F., Source Book of Medieval

history, 63-5.

44. Sthoenfeld, 40.

45. Brittain, A., Women of Early
Christiamlty 203.

46. Lot 397.

47. Gregory of Tours Ii, 87.

48. tbid. '

49. Id., ii, 4P.

50. II, 43.

61. V, 132-6 ; 165.

52. Dill, Merovingian Age, 270.

53. Gregory of Tours, vii, 178 ; x,
246.

54. Id., iv, 100.

55. Michelet, J,, History of France,
I, 107,

56. Gregory, introd., p. xxii.
67. Gregory, i 5.

58. II prologue.

59. Gregory, intord., p, xxiv.

60. Guizot, Bistorn of Civilization,
I, 58.

61. Lecky, Morals, II. 204,

62. Isidore of Seville, Etymologies.
in Brehaur E., An Encylopedist
of the Dark Ages, 215.

63. Dieulafory, M., Art in Spain
and Portugal, 45.

64. Mahaffy, J. P., Old Greek
Education, 52.

65. Thompson, J.W., Economic His-
tory of the Middle Ages, 120.

66. Cassiodorus, Letters, of Variat,
. ii, 27.

67. Procopius, v. 1.26i

68. This survives only as a crude
abbreviation by Jordanes.

69. Milman, I, 433.

nv

70. Ibid., 439.

Ancient World, II, 353-4.

71. In CtssiodortiB, Variae, ii, 28.

3. Procopius, History viii, 17.

72. Milman, I, 442.

4. Lopez, R. S„ in Speculum, XX,

7?. Boethius, Consolation of Phil»'

i, 3, 7, 19.

sophy, ii, 3.

5, Ibid., 10-12.

74. Ibid., 4.

6. Novella 122 in Bury Lettr

76. Ibid., iii, 10.

Roman Empire, II, 356.

76. Procopius, v.l.

7. Dalton O.M., Byzantine Art, 60

CHAPTER V

8. Bury, 35T.

1. Justlniani Institaiionum Librt

9. Diehi C, Manuel d'art Byzan-

quattuor, Inirod,, I, 63.

tin, 92-6.

Procopius, Buildings, i, 7.

10. Hrocoplus, Anecdota, xvii, B4.

2. Procopius, Anecdota, viii, 24.

11. Himes, N , Medical History of

4. John Malalas in Bury, lattr

Contraception, 92-6.

Roman Empire, II, 24.

12. Boissier, La fin du paganism*,

5. Procopius, Antcdota, xv, 11.

I, 168.

6. Id., History of the Wars, i, 24.

13. Gibbon,! 382.

7. Id., Buildings, i, 11.

14, Schueicer, H„ History of World

8. Diehl, C , Byzantine Portraits,^

Civilization, II, 640.

9. Procopius, Anecdota, xf,

15. Castiglione, A, History oj Med-

10. ibid., ix, 50.

icine, 252 \ Oarrisou, F.H.,/-//s-

11. Bury, Later Roman Empire, 11,29.

tory of Medcllne, 132.

12. Procopius, Aneceota, xvit, 5.

16. Thorndike, L, History of Magic

18. Diehl, Portraits, 70.

and Experimental Science, 1. 147

M. Bouchiar, E,, Life and Letters

17, O'Leary, E., Arabic Thou£ht,53.

in Ro/nrn Africa, 107.

53.

15. Procopius, history of the Wars,

18. Himes, 95.

iv, 6.

19. Thorndike, I, 5S4.

16. Ibid., vii, 1.

20. Huguetine, Confessions, vii, 6.

17. Ibid., 5-8.

21. Heath, Sir T., History of Greek

18. Lot, 267.

Mathematics, II, 628.

19. Oibbon, IV, 369.

22. Socrates, vii, 15.

20. Lot. 267.

23. I.ecky, Morals, II, 815.

21. Justlniani Inst., Proemium.

24. Bury, Later Roman Empire,\,1Y1.

22,. Cod. 1, xiv, 34.

25. Duchesne, III. 210.

23. Cod. IV, xliii, 21.

96. Socrares, vii, 15.

24, Cod. XI, xiviii, 21 j lxix, 4.

27. Grepory Nazianzen, Panegyric

85. Bury, Later Roman Empire, 11,

on St, Basil, in Monroe, P.,

406; Milman, I, 501.

Source Book of the History of

26. Procopius, History of the Wars,

Educetion for the Greek and

vii, 32,

Rrman Period 305,

27. In Gibbon, V, 43.

28. Bury, Later Roman Empire,l,hTl.

98. Procopius, Buildings, i, 1.

29. Diehl, Manuel, 218.

CHAPTER IV

03. Higham and Bowrsr, Oxford

1. Frank, Economic Survy of Anci-

Book of Greek Verse, 654.

ent Rome, IV, 152.

31. Ibid., 665.

S. Rostovtzelf, M., History »f the

32. Socrates, vii, 48.

TtA

33. Procopius, History, vHi,32; v,3.

34, Winckelmann, J., History of
Ancient Art, \, 350-1 ; Finby,
Q., Greece under the Romans.
195.

*5. Strzygowski, J., Origin of

Christian Church Art, 4-6.
86. Procopius, Buildings, i, 10.

37. Ibid., i, l.

38. Ibid.

39. Ibid., i, 8.

40. Dalton. 258.

41. Lot, 143.

42. Diehl, Manuel, 249 ; Dalton,
579 ; Lot, 146.

43. Boethius, ix.

CHAPTER VII

1. Ammianus, xxii, 6.

2. Ibid.

3. Dhalla, M. N., Zoroastrian
Civilization, 371.

4. Rawlinson, Q., Seventh Great
Oriental Monarchy, 29.

5. Procopius, Persian War. ix, 19.

6. Bury, Later Roman Empire^, 92.

7. AmmlanuB, xxiii, 6.

8. Talmud, Berachoth, 8b.

9. Dahlia, 301f.

10. Ameer AH, Spirit of Islam, 188,

11. Macrobius, Saturnalia, v»i, 1.

12. Oottheil, R. }„ Literature of
Persia, I, 159.

13. Pirdousi, Epic of the Kings,
retold by Helen Zimmern, 191;
Sykes, Sir P,, History of Persia,

14. Oottheil, 166.

15. Dhalla, 377.

16. Ibid., 305.

17. Browne, E.Q., Literary History
of Persia, I, 107.

18. Sarton, O., Introd to the History
of Science, I, 435.

19. Browne, E.O., Arabian Medicine,
23.

I 30. Dhalla, 354.

21. Ibid., 362.

22. Ibid., 274 ; Bury, Later Roman
Empire, I, 91.

23 Rawlinson, Q., Seventh Great
Oriental Monarch)/, 686.

24. Bright, W„ Age of the Fathers,
1, 202.

25. Skes, I, 414.

26. Lowie,R.H., Are We Civilized?,
37.

27. Pope, A. U., Survey of Persian
Art I, 765.

28. Dhalla, 856.

29. Pope, 761.

80. Baron, S.W., Social and Religious
History of the Jews, I, 256.

31. Ammianus, xxiii, 6.

32. Pope, 716.

33. Browne, Literary History, I, 127.

34. Ibn Khaldun, Prole gamines, 1,80.
Rawlinson, 61, attributes this
saying to Ardashir I.

35. Eunapius, // 466.

36. Cambridge Ancient History, XII,
112.

37. Sykes, I, 408.

38. Rawlinson, 141.

39. Browne, Literary History, I, 171
Sykes, I, 449, places this mas-
sacre in the early yearB of
Khosru I.

40. Pope, 765.

41. Procopius, History of the Wars
ii, 9.

42. Noldeke, Th„ Geschichte der
Perser . . , aus Tabari, 160, in
De Vaux, Les Penseurs de
I'lslam. I, 92.

43. Rawlinson, 446.

44. Sykes, I, 460.

46. Procopius, History, i, 26.

46. Mo'mmsen, Provinces, II, 47.

47. Qraetz, H., History of th'e Jews
III, 18.

48. Sykes, I, 480f.

49. Pope, 524.

50. Creswell, K. A„ Early Muslim
Architecture, I, 101.

51. Dleulafoy; Art in Spain, 13.
Ibid., Pope, A. U., Iranian and
Armenian Contributions to the

m

Beginnings of Qothic Architec-
ture, 130.

53. Theophyl actus Simocattain Riv-
oira, O.T., Moslem Architectum
114. Herzfeld thought the Ctesi-
phon palace the work of Sha-
pur. I.

54. QottheTI I, 167.

55. Arnold, Sir T., Painting in
Islam, 62,

56. Pope, Survey, I, 717, Dieulafoy,
21.

67. Ackermaa, P., in Bnlletin of the
Iranian Institute, Dec, 1946,
p. 42.

68. Pope, A. U., Introd. to Persian
Art, 144, 168.

59. Sykes, I, 465.

60. Pope, A. U., Masterpieces of
Persian Art, 182.

61. Pope, Introd., 64.

62. Fenollosa, E., Epochs of Chinese
and Japanese Art, 1, 21.

63. Riefstahl, R. M., The Parish-
Waston Collection of Mohant'
medan Potteries, p. viii, Pope,
Survey, I, 779, Lot, 141.

64. v Sir Percy Sykes in Hamrnerton,
J. A., Universal I-Iistory of the
World, IV, 2318.

65. Examples in Sarrc, F,,Die Kunst
des alien Persien, 134.

66. Pope, Introd., 100.

67. Pope, Survey, I, 775.

68. Dhalla, 273.

69. Sykes, I, 490.

70. Browne, Literary History, 1, 19*.

71. Sykes, I, 490.

72. Ibid., 498.

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