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9.

lo-
ts.

13.

u.

16.
18,

If.

20.

SI.
33.
23.
24.
35.
26;
27.
28.
29.
10.

CHAPTER XI
Suetonius' "AugustnB," 33.
Dio, Iiv, 17.
Ibid., Iv, 4.
Suetonius, 40,

Gibbon, E., Decline and Fall
of Ihe Roman Empire, ed. Bury,
I, 65.

Suetonius, 23 ; Dio, Ixi, 17.
Plutarch. Moralia, 207 D.
Charlesworth, M., Trade Routes
and Commerce of the Reman
Empire, 8,
Suetonius, 41.
Ibid., 43.

Augustus, Res gettea, iii, SI.
Dio, Iv, 21.
Suetonius, 58.
Pliny, xiv, 5.

Cf. Himes, N., Medical History
of Contraception, 86f and I881

Dio. IW, 19.

Tacitus, Annals, xv, 19.

Ibid., iii, 25.

Horace, Odes, Hi, 24.

Davis, Influence of Wealth, 304.

Oellius, x, 8.2.

Ibid.

Dio, Iv, I.

Ovid, Ars Amatoiia, 637.

Augustus, Res gestae, ii, 10.

Buchan, 286.

Suetonius, 76-83.

31. Ibid., 81 ; Dio, HI, 30,

32. Snetonius. 76.

33. Ibid., 84.

34. Ibid., 90-2.

36. Ferrero, IV, 173.

36. Plutarch, Moralia, 207C

37. Suetonius, 64.

38. Dio, Ivif, 3.

39. Suetonius, 64.

40. Macjobius, Saturnalia, ii, 5, ad
fintftn % "I never take on a
passenger unless the vessel is
alredy full."

41. Seneca, Moral Essays, III, vi.
32. 1.

42. Suetonius, 99.

CHAPTER XII

1. Macrobius, ii, 4.

2. Horace, Epistles, ii, 1. 117,

3. Jnvenal, Satires, i, 2 ; iii, 9,

4. Martial, Epigrames, i, 67, 118 ;
Friedlander, III, 37.

4a. Lanciani, Ancient Rome, 183.

5. Ovid., Tristia, i, 1.105.

6. Tacitus De oratorisbus, 13,

8. Virgil. Eclogues, i, 46.

9. Ibid., i, ix.

10. Suetonius, On Poets, "Vireil,"9.

11. Vipgil, Qiorgics, iii, 284.

12. Ibid., i, 145.

13. II, 490.

14. In Duff, Literary History of
Rome, 455.

-IVY

45. Oeorgies, iii, 46.

16. Aeneid, vi, 860 f ; Suetonius,
"Virgil," 81

17. Aeneid, ii, 293.

18. Ibid., iv, 331-61.

19. VI, 126-

20. VI, 852.

21. IV, 508.

92. Suetonius, 230.

23. Ibid., 43.

24. Voltaire Philosophical Diction-
nry. art. Epic Poetry.

25. Suetonius, On Poets, "Horaqe"

26. Horace, odes, iii, 2.

27. Epodes, ii, 241.

28. Swires, 1,1.

28a. Epistles, i, 16 ; Rostovizeff,
Social and Ecomomic of the
Roman Empire Empire, 61.

*9. Horace, Satires, ii, 5.

80. Ibid., ii,' 7.105.

31. Ibid., 23.

32. \, 1.69.

33. Odes, ii, 10.

34. Satires, i, 1.105.

35. Ibid., ii, 1.1,

36. Odes, iii, 29.12.

37. Satires, ii. 660.

39. Odes, iii, 16.29.

40. Epodes, ii, 1.

41. Petronius, Satyricon, 118.

42. odes, ii, 11.

43. I, 9.

44. 1, 28.

45. I, 35.

46. Ill, 30.

47. Ars poetica, 139.

48. Ibid, 343.

49. Ibid., 102.

50. Epistles, i, 6.1.

51. Odes, ii, 3.

52. Ibid., ii, 10.

53. Satires, ii, 7,83.
64. Odes, iii, 3.

55. Epistles, i, 4. 16 ; cf. i, 17

56. Salires. ii, 6.93.

57. Epistles, ii, 2.55.

58. Odes, ii, 14.

59. Satires, i, 1.117.

60. Epistles, ii 2.214.

61. Odes, ii, 17..

63. Taine, H,, Essai stir Tite Llve,l.

64. Pliny, Natural History', dedica-
tion.

65. Taine, I.e., 10.

66. E.g., Livy, ii, 48.

67. E.g., cf. Livy, xiv, 12 with
Polybius, xxxix 27 ; or Livy,
xxiv, 34 with Polybius, viii, 5,

68. Pliny, Letters, ii, 3.

69. Tibullus, i, 1.

70. Ibid., i, 6.

71. I., 3, 10.

72. Propertius, ii, 57.

73. Ibid., ii, 6.

74. I, 8.

75. Ovid, Trisia, iv, 10.

76. Ovid. Ars amatoria, 157.

77. Ibid,, 99.

78. Ibid, 171.

79. Amores, ii, 4.

80. Ibid., i 1 ; ii, 18.

81. II, 1.
82.1,4.

83. II, 5.

84. II, 10.

85. Ill, 7; ii, 10.

86. Ars amatoria, 97.

90, Remedia amoris, 183.

91, Ibid., 194.

92, Heroides, iv.

93, Tristia, ii, 103.
91. Ex Ponto, iv, 641.

- ivr -

'6. Tristia, i, l:iil 8.

18. Ibid., Hi, 3.15 ; Ex Ponto, 1,447.

CHAPTER XIII

1. In Holmes, Architect of the Roman
Empire, 108.

2. Suetonins, "Tiberius." 68.
8, Ibid., 69.

4. Tacitus, Annals, i, 11.

5. Suetonius, 23.

6. Dio, Ivii, 18.

7. Ibid., 6; Suetonius; 30 j Tacitus,

8. Suetonius, 27.

9. Tacitus, I.e.

10. Suetonius, 32.

11. Ferrero, 0., Women of the
Casears, 136.

12. Tacitns, ii, 60.

13. Ibid., iv, 57.

14. Dio, 'ivii, 11.

15. Ferrero, Women, 140.

16. Tacitus, iv, 57; Suetonius, 42-4.
37. CAH X. 638.

18. Tacitus, iv, 68..

19. Suetonius, 60.

20. Tacitus, iv, 70.
21.. Ibid., vi, 50.

22. Mommsen, T., Provinces o) the
Roman Empire, II, 187.

23. Josephus, Antiquities, xix, 1.15.

24. Suetonius, "Oaius," 50-1.

25. Ibid.

26. Dio, lix, 5.

27. Suetonius, "Qaius," 29, 32.

28. Dio, lix, 26.

29. Suetonius, 24.

30. Ibid.

)1. Sence'cs Ad Belviam, x. 4.

12. Suetonius, 40.

13. Ibid., 38.
4. Ibid., 30.

35. Dio. lix, 3.

36. Suetonius, 27.

37. For a defense of Caligula of.
Balsdon, The Emperor Gausi
33 etc.

39. Dio, lix,' 28.

40. Balsdon, 161.

41. Ibid., 168.
48. Dio, lix, 29.

43. Suetonius, "Claudius," 29.

44. Dio, Ix, 10.

45. Suetonius, 21.

46. Senca, Apoclocyntosis, 3.

47. Tacitus, xii, 53.

48. Suetonius, 28.
49: Brittain. 244.

50. Suetonius, 37; Dio, lx, 14.
61. Suetonius, 50.

52. Dio, Ix, 18.

53. tacilus, xi, 18.

54. Ibid., 26.
65. Dio, Ixi, 31.

56. Ferrero, Women, 226.

57. Buchan, 247.

58. Tacitus, xi, 25.

59. Piiny, Nat, Bist., ix, 117.

60. Tacitus, xiii, 43.

61. Dio, Ixi, 34.

62. Ibid., 2.

63. Suetonius, "Nero," 52.

64. Dio, Ixi, 3.

65. Tacitus, xiii, 4.

66. Henderson, B., Lije and Princi-
pate of the Emperor Nero, 75.

67; Tacitus, xv, 48.

68. Suetonius, 66.

60. Ibid., 27.

70. Tacitus, xvi, 18.

71 Dio, Ixii, 15; 7 Ixi, Suetonius, 26.

72. Dio, Ixii, 14 ; Tactitus. xiv, 5.

adds- that some writers question

the story.

- iVi

73. Tacitus, xiv, 10.

74. Ibid., xiii, 3.

75. Suetonius, 20.

76. Ibid., 4.L ; Dio, Ixiii, 26.

77. Suetonius, 52.

78. Ibid., 11.

79. Tacitui, xiv, 60.

80. CAH, X, 7-22.

81. Tacitus, xv, 44.

82. Ibid., xiv, 6 ; Suetonius,

25.

83. Dio, Ixii, 27; Suetonius,

27.

8t. Tacitus xvi, 18.

85. Suetonius, 21.

88. Ibid.

87. Dio, lxiii, 23.

88. Suetouius, 43.

89. Ibid, 57.

90. Sutonius, "Qalba," '23.

91. Tacitus, Histories, i, 49.

92. Suetonius, "Otho," &.

93. Tacitus, Hist., iii, 67'.

94. Suetonius, " Vitellius,"

17.

95. Suetonius, " Vespasian,"

13.

9S. Ibid., 16.

97. Dio, Ixv, 14.

98. Suetonius, 18.

99. Ibid., 21.

100. Tacitus, Hist, ii, 2.

101. Suetonius. 23-4.

102. Snetonius, 'Titus," 8.

103. Suetonius, "Domitian,"

18.

104. Dio, lxvi, 26.

105. Suetonius, 22; Dio, Ixvii, 6.

106. Frank, Economic Survey,

V, 56,

107. Dio. Ixvii, 14.

108. Suetonius, 10.

CHAPTER XIV

1. Lucan, Pbarsalia, ii 67.

2. Ibid., i, 128.

3. Petronius, Epigrams, frsg. 22 in

Robertson, J. M„ Short History
of Jreethought, I, 211.

4. Petronius, 'Satyricon, 11.

5. Ibid, 48.

6. 71.

7.35, 40, 47.
8.74.

9. Seneca in Boissier, 0., La religi-
on romaine, II, 204.

10. Tacitus, Annals, xiv, 59; xvi, 34.

11. Ludan, Icaromenippus, 4.

12. Seneca, Eplstulae Morales, xii;
Moral Essays, III, vil, 11.1.

13. Monroe, Source Book, 401.

14. Quintilian, Institutes, x, 1.125.

15. Dio, Ixii, 2.

16. Friedlander., Ill, 238,

17. Tacitus, Annals, xiii, 42.

18. Senceca, De vita beata, xvli-
xvii.

19. Davis, Influence of Wealth, 164.

20. Seneca, Epist xv.

21. De vita beata. xv.

22. De dementia, i, 3.

24. Epist vii.

25. Tacitus, Annals, xviii, 2.

27. Boissier, Tacitas, 11.

28. Seneca, Epist, lxxvi.

30. Seneca, Epist,, Ixxv.

31. Ibid., vii.
33. XXVI.

33. De procidentia, ii, 6.

34. Epist., xii.

36. Dt providentia, v. 8.

37. Epist. xxxi.

38. Ibid., ce ; ad Marclam, xxiv, 3..

39. In Henderson, Nero, 309.

40. Epist., ixxii and iii.

41. Ibid., ixxii.
44. XXXIII.

45.. De brevitate vitae, xiv.
46. Epist., Ixlx.

_ iVo

47. Ibid., ii.

86. Pliny, ii,.5, 117.

4S. VII ; XXV.

87. XXXUL 13.

49. XXUI.

88. II, 6.

50. LXX.

89. VH, 56.

6], Pe ira, v. 15.

90, XXVIII, 7.

59. Eptst., Iviii.

91. VIII, 67.

53. ibid., Ixi.

92. VH, 13.

54. De ira, ii, 34.

93- XVIII, 78 f.

55. Epist, i, ixi.

94.' II, 67.

56. Tertuliao, De anima, xx.

95. Jone6, W. H. S. Malaria and

57. In Acton, Lord, Bivory of Free-

Greek History, 61.

dom, 25.

96. Pfiny's Letters, i, 12.

58. Epist., xxxi.

97. Castiglione, 237.

59. Oummere, R. M. Seneca the

98. Tacitus Bist, iv, 81; Suetonius

Philosopher, 131.

pasian" 7.

60. Seneca, Medea, 364.

99. Dill, Sir S. Roman Society from

61, Quaestiones naturales.vii, 30-33.

Nero to Marcus Aurelius 1 92.

62. Ibid., vii, 25, 30.

100. Pliny, Nat< Hist, xxix, 8.

63. Pliny, xxxvi, 16.

101. Luncian, "To an Illiterate Book-

64. Ibid,, ii, 5.

Fancier," 29.

65. Plutarch, "Sertorius."

102. Pliny, xxvi, 7 - 8 ; Castiglione,.

66. Pliny's Letters, iii, 5.

200 ; Oarrison, History of Med-

67. Pliny, Nat. Hist, iii, 6.

icine, 106.

68. Ibid., ii, 5.

103. Castigolione, 233,240.

69. II, 30.

104. Ibid., 226.

70. II. 33.

106, Soranus in Friedlander, I 171.

71. II, €, 6 4.

106. Castiglione* 237; Oarrison, 118.

72. II, 90-92.

107. Bailey, C, Legacy of Rome,

73. II, 63.

291; Williams, H.S., History of

74. XXXIV, 39.

Science, I, 274.

75. XXXVII, 27.

108. Pliny, xxviii, 2.

76. XIX, 4.

•109. Ibid., 8.

— • .mttl, rtf.

110. Oarrison, 119.

- wn

116. Bailey, 284.

117. Quintiilian, vi, pref.

118. I, 12. 17.

119. I, 10 36.

120. X, 3.9, 19.

121. X, 4.1.

122. II, 12.7.

123. II, 5.21.

124. Juvenal, vil, 82.

126. Martial, xi, 43, 104.

127. II. 53-

128. IV, 49.

129. I, 16.

130. X, 4.

131. IV, 4.

132. IX, 37,

133. I, 32; III, 65.

134. I, 32.

135. E g., ix, 27.

136. XI, 16.

137. Ill, 69.

138. Pliny's Letters, iii, 21.

CHAPTER XV

1. Columella, Dere, rustica. i 3.12.

2. In Davis, Influence of Wealth,
144.

3. Pliny, Nat. Bist., xvii 4 ; Heitl-
•and 224. Frank. Economic Survey,

V. 176.

4. Columella, iii, 3.

5. ,Strabo, v. 4. 3.

6. Frank. V, 158.

7. Pliny, xv, 68-8?.

8. Columella, iii, 8.

9. RostovtzeFf,ft0ma/* Empire 182-3

10. Suetonins, "Domitian," 7.

11. Cato De agricultural, 144.

12. Pliny, xix, 2.

13. Paul-Louis, 274-6.

14. Tacitus' Agricola, 12. •

15. Pliny, ii, 108-9.

15a Ammianus Marcellfnus, xxii.4.15

16. Encyclopaedia Britanica, V.868.

17. Paul-Louis, 287.

18. Frank, V, 229.

19. Rostovtzeff, Roman\Empire,1h2.

20. Haskell. H. J„ New Deal in Old
Rome, 24-6.

21. Scott. S. P.' Civil Law, Frag-
ments of Ulpian in Justinian,
Digest, iii, 2.4.

22. Friedlander, I, 289-91.

23. Gibbon, Everyman Lib. ed., I.
Bailey, C, Legacy of Rome,158.

24. Seneca Ad Hehiam, vi.

25. Plutarch, Mar alia, "On Exile,"
604A.

26. Hallidy, W. R«, Pagan Back-
ground of Early Christianity, 88.

27. Josephus, Life, p. 511.

29. Athenacus, ii, 239.

30. Josephus, Life, p. 511.

31. Mommsen, Provinces, II, 278.

32. Friedander 1, 286.

33. Pliny, xix, I, 4.

34. Ibid., ii, 57.

35. Cf. the crane pictured on the
tbmb of the Haterii in the
Lateran Museum Rome, in
Wkkhoff. F. Romap Art, p. 60J
cf. also Oest, 60. and Bailey.
462.

36. Reid, Municipalities, 28.

37. Oest, 110-131.

38. Pliny, xxxvi, 24.

39. Bailey, 290.

40. Frontinus, Stratagems, ill, 1.

41. Frontinns, Aqueducts, ii 75.

42. Ibid., i 16.

43. In Friedlander I, 13.

44. Carter, F., Invention of Printing
86 ; Gibbon, Everyman ed., I 55.

- tVV-

45' Tarn, W. W., Bellenistic Civi-
lization, 206.

46. CAH, X, 417.

47. Strabo, xvU, 1.3.

4t. Pliny* vi, 26, computes Rome's
annual payment to India at
550,000,000 sesterces; but this is
probably an exaggeration for
elsewhere (xii, 41) he estimates
the yearly loss of Rome to India,
China, and Arabia at 100,000,000
sesterces each.

49. Hailliday, 97.

50. Tacitns, Annals, vi, 16-17:
Suetonius, 'Tiberius." 48; Davis,
Influence of Wealth, l Renan, in
Lectacts on the Influence of
Home on Christianity,2S, and The
Apostles, 170 csmpares Tiberius'
reliel measures to the Oredlt
Foncier of France in 1852 ; and
Haskell compares the situation
with the "easy money" period
in the United States, 1923-9.
the crisis of 1929, and the Re-
construction Finance Corporation
(The New Deal in rOid Rome,
183, 188).

51, Ovid Gasli, i 191,

52. In Toynbee, B., Study of Bis-
tory, I. 41 n.

53, Davis, a42.

54, Beard, M., History of the Busi-
ness Man, 47.

65. Athenaeus, vi, 104.

56. Seneca De dementia, i 24,
56a. Sandys, Sir J., Companion to

Latin Studies, 354.

57. Pliny, vii, 40,

58- Friedlander, II, 221.
69. Boissier, La religion romalnt,
II, II, 330,

( r a|# - r ^ - rr >

59a. Sence De ira, III. 3.

60. Juvenal, vi, 474.

61. Ovid, Ars amatoria, Ti5]Amores,.
I, 14.

62. In Holmes, Architect of the Ro-
man Empire, 132.

63. Dill, 116.

64. Statius, Silvae, ii, 6.

65. Seneca, Epist., xivil, 13.

66. Dill 117.

68. Rostovtzeff, Roman Empire,.
105; Reid, 323, 521.

323, 521.

69. Toutain, 304.

70. Frank, Ecoomic Survey, V, 235.

71. Frank, Economic Bistort/, V, 235,

72. Petronius, 44.

73. Rostovtzelt, 172 J Declareul, J.,
Rome the Law Qiver, 269.

74. Pliny, xiii, 23.
74. Pliny, xiii, 23.

CHAPTER XVI

1. Seneca in Friedlander, U, 321.

2. Livy, xxiv, 9 ; Pliny's Letters,

3. Strabo, v, 3.8.

4. Juvenal, iii, 235-244. .

5. Ibid., v, 268.

6. Martial, cxvii, 7.

7. Friedlander, I, 5.

8. Pliny, xxxv, 45.

9. Friedlander, II, 317, 330.

10. Mau, A., Pempeii, 231 ; Rostov-
zeff, Roman Empire, 136 ; Oest

11. Vitruvius, De architecture, ii, 21.

12. Seneca, Epit,, exxii.

13. Juvenal, iii, 223.

14. Pliny's Letters, ii, 17; v. 6.

15. Juvenal, ill, 223.

16. In Bolssier'fltfvM and PompeliYlV

17. Pliny, N*t BisUxxxii, 45.

18. Boissier, Tacitus, 223.

iVA*-

18a. N. Y. Times, Apr. 27, 1943.

19. Man, 414.

20. Pliny, xxxv, 66; Strabo, xvi',25.

21. Winckelmann, J., History of
Aneinet Art, II. 312.

22. Reid' 278.

23. Cf. Strong. Art. in Aneitnt Rome,
II, Jig. 341.

24. Valerius Maximus, Factorum et
dictorum, viii, 14.

25. Pliny, xxxv, 37.

26. Cf. Maiuri, A., Les fresques de
Pompeii, Table XXXIII.

27. Cf. Rostovtzeff, Mystic Italy
passim.

27a. Pliny, xxxv. 40.

CHAPTER XVII

1. Juvenal, v, 1M.

2. Petronius in Henderson, Nero,
326.

3. Seneca Ad Marciam, xlx, 2.

4. Juvenal, vi, S67.

5. Friedlander, I, 238.

6. Cf. Pliny, xxxiv, 1 1 : "They say
that if th? male organ is rubbed
with (oil or gum of) cedar just
before coitus, it will prevent
impregnation." Cf. also Humes,
85 f, 186.

7. Juvenal, vi, 592.

10. Oatteschi. Q., Restauri delta
Rome Impeirale, 64.

11. Gibbon, I, 42; Friedlander, I,
17; Sandy 355 • 7 ; Davis, 196;
Paul-Louis, 15, 227.

1 2. Tacitus, Annals, xiii, 27.
18. Vogelstein, H., Rome, 10.

14. Cicero, Pro L., flacco 28.

15. Edersheim, A„ Ulfe and Times
of Jesus the Messiah, I, 67.

16. Tacitus, Annals, ii, 85; suetonius
"Tibeiius, 36.

17. Dio, Ivii, 18; Scourer, Bistort,

of the Jewish People Div. II, Vol.
II, 234,

18. Vogelstein, 17.

19. Ibid., 31, 33:Renan, Lectures, 50

20. Tacitus, Annals, ii, 89 : Ammaa<
ianus, M,, xxii, 5.

21. Dill, 83-4.

22. Dio, ix, 33.

23. Martial, vii., 30.

24. Juvenal, iii, 62.
26. In Bailey, 143.

26. Tacitus, xiv, 60.

27. Juvenal, xiv, 44.

28. Oellius, xli, 1.

29. Enc. Brit., X, 10.

30. Horace, Satires, i 6.75.

31. Pliny's Letters, ii, 3.

32. Petronius, 1.

33. Pliny's Letters, iv. 3.

34. Ovid, Ars amatoria, 98.

35. Juv„ ix, 22.

36. Minucius Felix, Octavius, 67 ;
Tertullian, Apology, 15.

37. Horaces, Epodes, xi.

38. Martivl, viii, 44; xi, 70,88, etc. ]
Juv., il, vi' ix.

39. In Friedlander I, 234.

40. Seneca the Elder, Controversiae

in Friedlander, I, 241.

41. Seneca, Ad Helviam, xvi, 3; Ad
Mareiam, xvi 3.

48. Ovid, Amtres, i, 8:43 ; iii, 4-37.

43. Friedlander, I, 241.

44. Juv., vi, 228.

45. Ibid., 281.

46. t, 22.

47. Boissier, La religion romaine, II,
197.

48. Jnv., vi, 248.

49. Martial, De speetaealis, vi'

50. Statius, Sllvae. i. 6.

51. Seneca, Moral Essays, i 9.4.

52. Ovid Ars amatoria, 113.

_M-

53, Martial, x 35.

54; Ibid., i, 14.

55. Taciius, Annals, xvi, 10.

6B. Friedlander, I, 265.

57. Tacitus, xiv, 5,

58. Martial, vi, 57.

59. Catullus, Ixxxvi.

«0. Ovid An, 158 ; Kohler, K. His-
tory of Costume, 118; Pfuhl, E;
Masterpkts of Qreeh Drawing,
fig. 117.

61. Tibul.lua, i, 8.

62. Juv., vi, 502.
98. Pliny, xxxiii, 12.

64. Ouhl and Konar, 498.

65. Martial, ix, 63.
86. Ovid, Ars, 160.

67. Pliny, ix, 63.

68. Ibid,, xxxviii, 12.

69. IX, 58.

70. Friedlander, II. 181.

71. Pliny, xxxiii, 18.

78. Seneca, Epist., Ixxxvi.

73. Pliny, viii, 74.

74. Quintilian, 3.

75. Oa/en in Friedlander, II, 227.
The remainder of this chapter is
particularly indebted to Friedlan-
der'a devoted accumulation of
Roman morei.

76. Jav.. vii, 178.

77. Jfonea, H.S., Companion to f o-
man History, H6; Friedlauder,
I, 12.

78. Seneca, Epist. Ixxvi.

79. Ker, W.C., in Martial, I, 814n.
60. Oardlner, E. N., Athletis oj iht

Ancient World, 230.
81. Pliny, xxviii, 61.
88. Journal of the American Medical

Association, Aug. 1, 1942, 1089.
83. Ovid, Ars, 165; Trtstla, ii,

477-80.
fit. Pliny, viii, 61 77. |

85. Ibid,, ix, 30, 31.

86. Ibid., 39.

87. VIII, 82.

88. VIII, 77.

89. Seneca Ad Belviam, x, V.

90. Ibid , 3.

91. Sandys, 502.

92. Mantzius, K„ History of The-
arical Art, I, 217.

93. Suetouius, "Vespasian," 19.

94. Mantzius, I, 218.

95. Boissier, La rigligion romaint,
II, 215.

96. Cicero Pto Murena 6.

97. Lang, P. N. Music in Western
Civilization, 38.

98. Ammianus, xiv, 6.

99. Martial, v, 78.

100. Ammianus, xiv, 6.

101. Seneca, Epist,, Ixxxviii.

102. Philostratus, Life of Apollonitts
of Tyana, v, 21.

103. Lang, 3.

104. Virgil, Aeniid, v, 362f.

105. Frjeplander, II, 5.

106. DIo, Ixl, 33.

107. Lecky, W. E., History of
European Morals, I, 280.

108. Friedannder, II, 5.

109. Pliny, viii, 70.
119. Friedlander, II, 5.

111. Boissier, Tacitus, 24tf.

112. Martial, De spectacu'.is, vii.

113. Friedander, 11, 43.

11*. Ibid., 49.

116. Eplcletns, Discounts, i 27-37.

116. Seneca, Epist., Ixx.

118. Juv„ iii, 36.

119. Pliny 11, Panegyricus, xxxiii.
ISO. Tacitus, Annals, xiv.

121. Cicero, Letters, vii, , to Marcus,
55. B. C.

-iA«-

122,
123.
124.
125.

126.

5.
6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
11,

12.
13.
14.
IB.
16,
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
21.
24.
25.
26,
27.

, Seneca, Epist., vil, xcv.
In St. Augustine, City of Ood
Tertnlian, Apology, 16.
, Juv., xiii, 35.
Abbott, Common People of
Ancient Rome, 88 ; Dill, 498.

CHAPTER XVIII
Bury, J. B;, Biltory of the Ro-
man Empire, 527.
Justinian, Digest i, 1, in Scott,
The Civil Law.
Qaius, Institutes, i, 8.
Maine, Sir H., Ancient Law.
This generalization has ; ; been
questioned, but seems subatan-
tially true.

Justinian, Codex, vif, 16. 1.
Qaius, i, 144.
Ibid., 145, 194.

Buckland, W. W., Textbook of
Roman Law, 113.
Qaius, i, 114.
Friedlander, I, 236.
Suetonius, "Vespasian," 3/ Hist.
^agV'Antoniflus," 8 : "Aurelius,"
2»,

Castigllone, S27,
Gaius, commentary, p. 66.
Ibid., p. 64.
Qaius, i 56.

Davis, Influence of Wealth, 211.
Tacitus, xiv, 41.
Renan, Marc Aurele, 24.
Ulpina, in Digest, L, 17. 32.
Lecky, I, 295.
Qaius, iii, 404,

Cicero AdFamiliares, viii, 12,14.
OalUSj ii, 157 ; iii, 2.
Maine, 117.
Buckiand, 64.
Caius, iii, 186; to, 4.
Ibid, iv, if.

29.
30,
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38,
39.
39,
40.

41.

42.
43.
44.

45,
46.
47.

48.

1.
2,
3.
4.
5.

6.
7,

8.

9,
10.
II.
12.
13.
14.
15.

In Friedlander, I, 165,

Ammionus, xxx, 4.

Ulpiana in Digest, L, 13. 1.

Quintilian, xii, 1. 25.

Pliny's Letter, v, 14.

Martial, vii, 65,

Pliny's Letters, ii, 14.

Tacitus, Annals, xi, 5,

David, 125.

Pliny's Letters vi, 33.

Juv:, xvi, 42.

Juv., xvi, 42,

Apuleius, Oolden Ass, p. 245,

Psalms, cxvi, 11 ; St. Paul,

Epistle to the Romans iii, 4,

In Taylor, H., Cicero, 77.

Quintilian, v. 7. 26.

Ibid,, vi, 1. 47.

Codex Theodosius, ix, 8&, in

Gibbon, II, 120.

Oeliius, xx, '1,3 13.

Sallusti Catiline, f>5".

Qicero,' De re publica, iii, 22 J.

cf . De offielis, i,|23; De}legibas,,

i, 16.

Qaius, i, 1.

CHAPTER XIX
Ker, W., in Martial, II, 54n.
Dio, ixviii, 13.
Renan, Marc Aurele, 479,
Dio, Ixviit, 15,

Mahaffy, J., Silver Age of the-
Creek Word, 307.
In CAH, XI, 201, 855.
Pliny II, Panegj/ricus, 50.

Justinian, Digest, xiviii, 19. 5.

Bury Roman Empire, 437.

Brittan, 366.

Wlckholf, 113.

Did, ixix, 1.

Hist. Aug., ''Hadrian," u 4.

Ibid, xxvi, 1.

ibid.

IA\-

16* XIV. I.

17. Martial, viii, 70; ix, 26.

18. Bist Aug., "Hadrian" xv, 10.

19. Ibid., xx. 7.

20. Hendenon, Hadrian, 207.

91. Eutebius, Ecclesiastical Bis-
tory, iv, 9.

22. Dio, lxix, 6.

88. Fronio, ML Correspondence, A.D.
162 : II, 4.

24. Hist. Aug., "Hadrian" x, 1.

25. Wincklmann, I, 327.

26. Bevan, E. R., House of Seleucus
II* 16.

27. Bist Aug ., viii, 3.

29. Simpson. F, M., Bistorv of
Architectural Devveloment, 123.

30. Dio, lxix, 4jcf. Henderson, 247.

31. C(o, lxix, 8.

38. Btst Aug., xxiv, 8.

33. Merivale, History of the Romans
under the Empire, VIII, 255,

34. Marcus Aureliut, Meditations, \%,

35. Bist. Aug,, "Antoninus", iv, 8.

86. Ibid., viii, 1.

87. IX. 10.

88. Appiao, p reface, 7:

39. Bnry, 566.

40. Renan, The Chftftton Church,

41. Renan, M arc AurUe, 2.

42. Oibbon, 1, 76.
48. Marcus, i 17.

44. Ibid., 1.

45. I, 14.

46. I, 15.

47. I, 14.

48. VII. 70.

49. Bist Aug., "Marcus," xxiii, 4.
50- Filelauder, III, 191.

51, Waston, P. Marcus Antoninus,

52. Cistiglione, 244.

59, Galen, in Friedlandei, J, 28.
54 Dio, Ixii, 14.

56. Ammianus, xxv, 4.
5fl. Willarai, H., I, 280.

57. Renan, Mare, 469.

58. Marcus, f, 17.

59. Bury, 647.

60- B 'st, Aug., "Marcus," xix. 7

61. Marcus, x, 10.

62. Mommsen, Provinces, I, 253..

CHAPTER XX

1.
2.

a.
4.

6.
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.
21.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

31.

Boissier, Tacitus, 8,

Tacitus, Agrkola, 9.

Pliny's Letter, ii, 1 ; vl, 16.

Agricola, end,

Oermania, 25, 27.

Annals, iii, 65.

Bistoriae, i 1.

Agricola, 4.

Oermania, 34.

Annlas, xvi, S3,

Ibid., iii, 18; vi, 22.

Oermania, i, 33.

Agricola, 46.

Annato, vi, 17.

Agricola, 3.

Dialogue on Orators, 4ft.

Bistoriae, iii, 12, 64.

Agricola, 18.

Historiae, i 16.

Ibid.

Juvsnal, i, 147.

X, 81.

VI, 652.

434.

448.

III.

XIV, 316.

X, 356.

Seneca, De btnejiciis, i, 1Q£

Eplst., xcvii.

Pliny's Utters, Hi, 19.

- IM -

32. V, 3. 53. VII, 12.
331 8. 64. XI, 1.

34. I, 17. 65. Mil, 10.

35. VI, 32. 56. IV. 42, 4b,viii, 21.

36. V, 16. 57. VII, 3.

37. I, 16. 58. II, 1.

38. VII' 19. 59. IX, 38 ; vii, 26.

33. VII, 20 ; IX, 23. 60. VI. 48.

40. Boissier, Tacittus, 19. 61. 44.

41. Oibbon, 1, 57. 62. XI. 18.

42. Pliny's Letters, iii, 12. 63. IV, 49 J vlii, 61 ; ii, 5.

43. Strong, 11. fig. 435. 64. IV, 21; viii. 18; ii, 17.

44. Msrcus, ii, 11. 66. IV, 14, 48 ; ix, 3.

45. VII, 75. 66. Dio, Ixxii, 2-3.

46. Ibid., 9 : iv, 40, 27. 67. Hist. Aug, "Com modus", 2,

48. II, 17. 14, 15.

49. Ill, 2. 68. Dio, Ixxiii, 19

60. X, 8. 69. Bist Aug ,13.

61. IV, 21 70. Ibid.. 2, 10, 11.
52. II. 17. 71. Paul-Louis, 215.

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