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Notes

< V US3I , ^'j J* 5^1 yu^jJI f lSjSl JjI «aai ^j^Jl /i^j, ^ijl jj
. y^i *o csou ^ oLJL v l»3l Jjj J, JjU lili 4L> f ujSI cJlf |ju

CHAPTER I

1. Plato, Works, Jowett \x.\Phaedo,
109.

2. Semple, Ellen, Geography of the
Mediterranean Region, N.Y.,
1931, 99, 607.

3. Evans r Sir Arthur, Palace of
Minos, London, 1921 f, I, 20.

4. Homer, Odyssey, tr. A.T. Murray,
Loeb Classical Library, London,
1927, xix, 172-7.

5. Aristotle, Polities, 12jib.

*. Ludwlg, Emll, Sfhliemann,
Boston 1931, 964-5; Olotz \Q.\
Aegean Cevtlizatton, N.Y., 1925,
14; Cambredg Ancient History
(nereafter referred to as CAH),
bl.Y., l924f, I, 1-S.

7.^Evans, I, 18; Hall, H.R., Civili-
zation of Greece in the Bronze
Age' N.Y., 1997; 27; Olotz, 30- 1,
67, 348; CAH, I, 68B-90.

8. Evans. I, 26.

9. Ibid., I, 27; Olotz, 3P, 40; CAH,
1, 597-8.

10. Olotz, 60-4; Baikle, Jas.. Sett-
kings oj Crete, Lonion, 192)5,
212-3.

11. Hall. 27; Olotz, 68-73.

12. Kdhler, Carl, History of Cos-
tume, N Y., 192:5, frontispiece^
Evans. Ill, 49.

13. CAH, I, 596 : Olotz, 65-6, 75-8,
311, and fig. 6.

14. Cf. Evuns. Ill, 227.

19. Olotz, 147-8; CAH, II, 437.

20. Thucydldes, History of the
Peloponnesian War, Evryman
Library, I, 1.4; cf. Herodotus,
History, tr. Rawhlinson, Lodon,
1862, vii, 170, and Diodorus Sic-
ulus, Library of History, v, 78.

21. Strabo, Geography, Loeb, Lib-
rary, x, 4.8; Olotz, 149; Evanc,
I, 2, IV, p. xxii; (AH, II 442;
Homer, Odyssey, xi\ 668-70.

22. Ibid., iii, 396.

23. Olotzj 139-42; 1734; Baikie,
120, l)29-i3l.

21. Evans/ 1, facing 305, III. 13f;
CAH, I, 591, 605,11, 432; Olotz,
106-9, 163-4; Baikie, 97.

25. Evans, I, facing 472; Olotz, 169,
70, 293/

26. Evans./ill, 213; Hall, 16; Olotz,
294 6, 312-31. '

27.' Evans, I, 15.

28. Ibid., 161; Olotz, 229, 217-41,
218-9, 256; Farnill, L.R , Greece

and Babylon, Edinburgh, 1911,
228; NllBspn, M.P., History of

Greek 'typgion, Oxford, 1925,

13, questions any worship of

the bull U Crete.

29. Glotz, 146./244-7; Evans, IV 468-9.
80. Ibid.; Olotz, 252-4.

31. Ibid., 231-8, 265-70; 273-4; Far-
nell, 125; Reinash. S., Orp toe.
N.Y., 1930, 33; Nilsson, 13, 16;
CAH, II, 444-5.

-Ytr=

33. Miion. W. A , History of the
Art of Writing, N.Y., 1920, 815-
88, 3S1; Evans, I, 16, 124f. IV,
xx, 959; Olotz, 150, 196, 371-7,
881-7; Encyclopaedia Britannic*,
14th ed., I, 913; CAH, II, 437;
Whlbley, L., Companion to Greek
Stedfts, Cambridge U.P., 1916-96

33. Olotz, 165, 388; Baikle, 238.

34* Homer, Iliad, xvlii, 690.

35. Olotz, 174, 821,

36. Evaue, I, 848-4; Evans in Baikle,
71 ; Relnach, 82; Pliny, Natural
History, London, 1855, xxxvi,
19; Olotz, 108.

37. Hall, 102.

38. Evans, I, 142, III, 252-1; Bur-
rows, R.M., In Baikle, 99, and
Semple, 670.

39. Evans, III, 116-22.
■40. In Baikle, 129.

40a. Evans. Sir Arthur, "The Mino-
an and Mycenaean Element In
Hellenic Life", Journal of Hdle-
nie Studies, XXXII (1912), 277f;
Hall, 87.

41. Evans, Palace of Minos, I, 17.

49. Ibid., 16-7; Smith, Human Bis-
torn, 378-90; Hall, 35; Olotz,
191-3, 209; Speng'er, Qswald,
Decline of the Vest, N.Y., 1996
■8, II, 88.

43. Strabo, xiv, 2.27; Evans,"Minoan
and Mycenaean Element," 288.

44. Herodotus, vii, 170 : CAH, II,
475; Smith, Q.E , 398.

45. Baedeker, K-, Greece, Leipzig,
1909, 417.

46. CAH, I, 443-3.

47. Himes, Norman, Medical Bislorp
of I Contraception, Baltimore,
1936, 187.

48. Orate, Q, History of .Greece,
Everyman Library, 1, 190;Orazer,
Sirjas., Dying God, N.Y., 1935. 71

49. Dlodorus, iv, 76. '

50. Ibid., 79 Qvld, Metamorphoses,
Loeb Library, viil, 18lf.

61. Pausaniaa, Description of Greece
London, 1886, ix, 40.

59. Plutrach, Lives, "Thesem--;
Homer, Odyssey, xi, 821-5.

53. E.g. f Polybins, Histories, Loeb
Library, vi, 45.

54. Strabo, x, 4.16-22.

CHAPTER II

1. Schliemann, H. i /#m,N.Y.1881,3.

2. Ibid, 9.

3. Ibid., 17.

4. Ludwig, p. ix.

6. Schliemann, 14-16.

6. Lndwig, 137.

7. Ibid., 182-8, 183, 284.

8. Schliemann, 26.

9. Ibid., 41; Ludwig, 139, 165

10. Schliemann, H., Meeenae, N.Y.,
1878, 101-9.

11. Homer, Iliad., ii, 559.

12. Ludwig, 284.
18. Ibid., 956-7.

14. Pausanias, Ii, 25.

16. Warren, HL., Foundations •/
Classic Architecture, N. Y., 1919
124-5; Pausanias, II, 26.

16. Ibid., ii, 15.

17. Iliad, ii, 69, vii, 180; Odyssey,
lil, 806.

18. Pausanias, ii, 16.

19. Schliemann, Mycenae, 29Bf;CAH
II, 462-3; Olotz, 46; Enc. BriU,
XVI, 38.

30. Hall, I; Nllsaon, II; Olotz, 31-3;
Whibley, 27.

20a. Murray, A.S., History of Greek
Sculpture, London, 1890, I, 61.

31. Herodotus, ii, 51, 67.

23. Pansanias vii, 2-8J Hall, ii.
23. Ibid.; Olotz, 47; Evans, I, 38;

CAH, I, 608.
34. Lippert, J., Evolution of Culture,

N.Y., 1931, 171.

85. Olotz, 47-8.

36. These frescoes are all in the
National Museum at Athens.
They are reproduced in Roden-
woldt, 0., Kunts der Antike,
Berlin, 1927, 1431.

37. Schliemann, lios, 381-3.

YYi —

29. National Museum, Athens; Evans
III, 13i; Rodenwaldt, 148-9.

30. Nat. Mus., Athens; Rodenwaldt,
152.

81. Evans, III, 1»8; Olotz, 888.

32. Oardiner, P., New Chapters in
Greek History, N.Y., 1892, 178;
Hvans, "Minoan and Mycenaean
Element," 28; Mason, 327-8;
Farnell, 97-8.

33. Schliemann, Itions, 587.

34. Ludwig, 280. He was later
financed by Kaiser Wllhelm II.

86. CAH, II, 489-90.
86. Schliemann, llios 453-505; Enc*
Brit, XXII, 502-8.

37. CAH, II, 488; Schliemann, llios,
123.

38. Bury, J.B., History of Greece.
London, 1931, 46; CAH, II, 487.

39. Iliad, xx, 230f. |

40. Herodotus, il, 118; Strabo, xlii,
1.48.

41. Murray! O., Rise of the Qreek
Epic, Oxford, 1934, 49.

42. Ramsay, Sir—., Asiatic Elements
in Greek Cirilizatton, Yale U.P,
1928, 109.

43. Berard, M., in Semple, 699;
Murray, Epic. 88.

44. Schliemand, llios, 240, 253;
Bury. 48; Qlotz, 197, 217.

CHAPTER III

1. CAH, II, 276-83; Olotz, 90.

2. Iliad, II 681.

3. Rldgeway, Sir— m., Early Age
of Greece, Cambridge U.P.,1901,
88-90, 337, 680, 682-4, etc.

4. CAH, II, 478; Hall, 248, 289.

5. Burry. 6; Olotz, 386-7.

6. Nllsson, 61.

7. Odyssey, sx, 588f ; Diodorus, Iv.77.

8. Thucydider, i, 1.8, ii, 6.15.

9. Diodorus, iv, 9.

10, One form of the legend tells

bow Heraeles triumphed • over

fifty virgins In s single night.—

, Athenaeus, Detpuosophisis. Or

Banquet of the Learned, London,

1854, xili, 4; Pausanias, ix, 27.

11. Diodorus, iv, 85, 53.

12. Ibid., Iv, 57-8.
18. Ibid iv, 41-8.

14. CAH, II, 475, III, 662.
16. Iliad, ii, 683, iii, 76.

16. Ibid., xxili, 198.

17. xxiv, 228.

18. xxix, 186. ,

19. xviii, 641, xxi, 257; Keller, AG.,
Homeric Society, N.Y., 1902, 78.

20. Iliad, v, 87-9.

21. Olotz, O., Ancient Greece at
Work, N.Y., 1926, 36.

22. Odyssey, xx, 72.

23. Symour, T.D., Life In the Houe-
ric Age, N.Y, I9O7, 234, 209-10.

24. Olotz. Ancient Greece, 88; Ridge-
way in Boisford, G,— ., Athenian
Constitution, N.Y., 1895, 82.

25. Ibid., 35; Pohlmann, R. von,
Gesehlchte der soztalen Fragt'
and desSozialisnus in der antiken
Welt, Munchen, 1925, 6, 1, 29;
Browne, H., Handbook of Home-
ric Study, London, 1908, 209;
Seymour 286, 273; Burry 64.

26. Iliad, xxlii, 826.

27. Ibid., xxiil, 341.

28. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 45.

29. Ibid., 42; Calhoun. O.M., Busi-
ness Life of Ancient Athens,
Chicago, 1926, 13.

30. Odyssey, xv, 8Sf,

31. Ibid., vi, 116.

32. xiv, 202.

38. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, 281 f.
84. Mad, xlx, 247.

35. Ibid., ii, 210f.

36. Odyssey, xxl, 224-6.

37. Ibid., iv, 184.

88. Iliad, ix, 74.

89. Odyssey, vi, 207.

40. Ibid., iv, 20; 267-8.

41. xv, 82f.

42. vlH, 870f.

43. Oardiner, E.N., Athletics of the
Ancient World, Oxford, 1930,
27; Mahaffy, J.P.. Sodai Lift i*
Greece. N.Y..gl925. 51.

-TTo

44. Gardiner, E.N., 21-3; Iliad xxiii,
166f.

45. Thucydides, i, 1.5.

46. Odyssey, vlii, 158f.

47. Ibid., ix, 39f.

48. Iliad, x, 383.

49. Odyssey, xili, 287-95.

50. Ibid., ii, 234, iv 1 690, xiv, 138-141

51. Ibid., i, 87, viii, 14; Iliad, ii, 169

52. Odyssey, i, 57-9; Iliad, xx, 18

53. Odyssey, xvli, 280

54. Athenaeus, xili, 8 ; Harrison,
Jane, Prolegomena to the study
of Greek Religion, Cambridge
U.P., 1922, 260-2.

55. Athenaeus, xiii, 4
66. Iliad, xviii, 693

57. Ibid., xviii, 490

58. vi, 169

69. Odyssey, 1, 153, 325, viH, 43-64,
xxi, 406-8

60. Ibid., xxi, 46

61. Iliad, vi, -318-7

62. Ibid., 1. 249
S3, iii, 292

64. Murray, Epic, 129

65. Sumner, — .Q., and Keller, A.O.,
Seiedee of Society, New Haven,
1928, I, 658

66. CAH, II, 478; Murray Epic, 174

67. Whibley, 30

68. Pliny, xxxvi, 64

69. Orote, I, 77

70. Ptutarch, De StoieorumRepug-
nantiis, 83, in Bakewell, CM.,
Source Book in Ancient Philoso-
phy, N.Y., 1909, 278

71. Iliad, vi, 406

72. Ibid., viii, 542

73. CAH, III, 670

74. Odyssey, Iv, 621

75. Butcher and Lang, Odyssey, N.
Y., 1927, introd., xxiv

77. Seymour, 73

78. Odyssey, v, 151-8

79. Ibid., vi, 239

80. Nllssu, 4-5

81. Oydssey, xix, 177

82. Thucydides, i, 1.2

83. Herodotus, i, 68

84. Evans, IV, 477, 9B9

85. Fauaanias, iii, 2.

86. Ridder, A. de, and Deonna, — . y
Art in Greece, N.Y., 1927, 167

CHAPTER !V

1. Plato, Phaedrus, 244; Frazer,
Magic Art, N.Y., 1935, II, 358;
Reinach, Orpheus, 98; CAH,
II, 629

8. Orote, IV, 196

3. Mahaffy, J. P., What Have the
Greeks Done for Civilization ?
N.Y., 1909, H

4. Plato, Timaeus, 28-3

5. Herodotus, ii, 143

6. Ibid., ii, 63, 81, 123; Dlodorus,
1, 96; Harrison, Prolegomena,
574-5

7. Herodotus, ii, 109 ; Strabo, xvit,
3 : Diodorus, i, 69 ; Smith, Q.E.,
417-8 ; Rider, 7, 341.

8. Ibid.; Smith, 418-29; Warren,
Foundations, 193-4

9. Glotz, Ancient Greece. 128;
Day, C, Bistory of Commerce,
London, 1926, 14

10. Olmostead, A. T., History of
Assyria, N.Y., 1923. 537

11. Herodotus, ii, 109
18. Orote, IV, 184

18. Heath, Sir Thos., Bistory of
Greek Mathematics, Oxford, 1931
I, 44, II, 21 ; CAH, IV, 539

14. Ridder, 840 ; Anderson, W. J.
and Spiers, R.P., Architecture of
Greece and Rome, London, 1902
49; Gardner, E.A., Handbo
Greek Sculpture London, 1920,
61-2
. 16. Cook, A. B., Zeus, Cambridge
U.P. 1914, 777.

16. Strabo, viii, 6; CAH, III, 640-2;
Orote, III, 96

17. Herodotus, ill, 131

18. Oardner, E. A., Handbook, 365.

19. Pausanlas, iv, 6-14

20. Strabo, vii, 5.4

— YY1 —

21. Muller, K.O., in Rawlinton's
Herodotus vil, 234n. The calcu-
lation is for 48o B.G., Meyer,'
Ed.,' Qesehichte des Alterthums,
Stuttgart, 1884f. Ill,' §§ 263-4,
gives the population of Loconia
ca. 470 as 12,-000 Spartans (4000
adult males), 80,000 Perioeci,
and 190,000 Helots.

22. CAH, V, 7 .

23. Plutarch, Spartan Institutions,
in Lyra Graeca, London, 1928,
III, 387; Mahaffy, Social Life,
45; Cicero, in Cotterill, H.B.,
History of Art, N.Y., n.d., I, 61

24. Grot*, IV, 264

So. Greek Anthology, ix, 488, in
Lyra Grtteca, I, 29

28. Orote, III, 195; Murray, Sir O.,
History of Ancient Qreeck Lite-
rature, N.Y., 1927, 80

27. In Ridder, 106

28. Orote, III, 195

29. Mahaffy, J.P., History of Clas-
sical Qreeck Literature, London,
1908, I, 189; Saeroix, -Paul,
History of Prostitution, N.Y.,
1981) I, 149-50

30. Alcman, Free. 36 in Lyra
Greaca, I, 77

.81. Das Oxf order -Buck Deutsehen
Dlchlung, Oxford, 1936, 117

31. Ooethe, J. V. von, Poetical
Works Mfcbbb, N.Y,, 1909, 61.

33t Glover, T.R., Democrrey In the
Antienl World, Cambridge U.P,
1927,. 84

34. Herodotus, I, 85

85. Aristotle, Politics, 1271b

86. Plutarch, "Lycurgus"

87. Ibid

38. Ibid.; Polybius, vi, 48
89. Thucydides, i; 6

40. E.g., Polybius, vi, 10

41. Plutarch, "Lycurgus"
48. Ototz, Ancient Greece, BB

48. Coulonges, Fustel de, Ancient

City, Boston, 1901, 460
44. Plutarch, I.e.

45. Ibid., Orote, III, 148

46. Thucydides, iv, 14

47. Coulanges, 294; Olotz, G„ Greek
City, London, 1929, 300; Carroll,
M., Greek Women, Phila., 1908,
136

48. Mahaffy. J. P., Old Greek
Education. N.Y.,.ri.d., 10

49. Hesiod, Callimucbus, and Theo-
gnis, Works, tr. Banks and Frere,
London, 1856, 44 In.

50. Plutarch, I.e.; Orote, III, 157;
.Muller-Lyer, F„ Family, N.Y.,

1931, 45

51. Thucydides, i, 3

52. Nilsaon, 94

53. Mahaffy, Greek Education 46-

54. Plutarch, "Demetrius."

55. Xenophon, Anabasis, Loeb Lib-
rary, Iv, 6.15

56. Symonds, J. A., Greek Poets,
London, 1920, 159

57. Becker, — ., Charicles, London,
1886, 246, 297

58. Carroll, 138-40; Weigall, A.,
Sapphoof Lesbos, N.Y., 1932, 101

69. Plutarch, "Lycurgus" ; Llppert,
301

60. Athenaeus, xiil, 2

61. — hibley, 618

62. Orote, III, 155-6; Sumner,-— . 0*
Folk-ways, Boston, 1906, 351

63. Athenaeus, xiii, 2

64. Plutarch, "Numa and Lycurgus
Compared."

65. Aristotle, Politics, 1270a; Orote,
IU, 168-7; Briffault, R., Mothers,
N.Y., I, 899

66. Plutarch. "Lycurgus" ; Olotz,
Ancient Greece, 89

67. Athenaeus, xii, 74
' 68. Plutarch, I.e.

69. Orote, III, 131, IX, 298; Rawlis-
son's Herodotus, iii, 148

71. Orote, HI, 132, 158

72. Plutarch, "Pelopldas."

73. E.g., Herodotus, i, 82

74. Ibid., vii, 104

-YYV-

75. Xenophon, "Constitution of the
Lace d*emonlans," In Minor
Works, London. 1914, i, I.

76. Pausanias, v, I.

77. Ibid., vli, 21

78. Frazer, Sir J., Studies in Qreek
Scenery, Legend, and History,
London, 1931, 324-5

79. Pausanias, ii, I; Olotz, Ancient
Greece, 116

80. Strabo, viii, 6.21

81. Iliad, H, 670

82. Arhtoile (?), Economics, Loeb
L'brary ii, 3

83. Aristotle, Politics, 1315b

84. Enc. Brit., XVI, 6:6. Others
attribute the first Corinthian
coinage to Cypse us ; cf. CAH,
ill, 652

8a. Olotz. Greek City, 113, Ancient
Greece, 86; — elgall, Sappho, 46

86. Plutarch, Moralia, Loeb Library,
147D

87. Herodotus, 11L 60*3; Diogenes
Laertius, Lins and Opinions
of the Eminent Philosophers,
London, 1853, "Periander."

88. Aristophanes, The Eleven Corne-
ous, N.Y. 1908, Frogs, 138;
Lacroix, I, 110

89. Pinidr, Odes, Loeb Librsry,
Frag. 122

90. Strabo, viii, 6.20

91. Atnenaeus, xili, 32

92. Ibid., 33

93. St. Paul, I Cor. vi, 15-18

94. Semple, 669

96. Pausanias. vl, 17-19 ; Litchfield,
F., History of Furniture, Boston,
1922, 13

96. CAH, III, 564

97. Olotz, Greek City, 113

98. Orote, III, 264-6

99. Theognis, 237, in Dickinson,
O.L., Qreek View of Life N.Y. ,
1928, 186

100. Theognis in. Hesiod, Calllma-
chus and Theognis, Works,
444-6

101. Ibid., II. 373f.

102. Ibid.. II, 349f.

103. Synonds, 161

104. Botsford, O. — ., and Sihler,
E.O., Hellenic Civilzation, N.Y.,
1920, 1984; Coulanges, 369

105. Sjmonds, 162

106. Theognis in Hesiod, etc., 442

107. Ibid., 470-1, 447-8, 489-90

108. 479-81

109. 477, 491-3

110. 454-6

111. Ringeway, 3)

112. Calhoun, 30-1; Simple, 669

113. Pausanias, ii, 26

114. Pindar. Pythian iii, 47-68

116. Gardner, E.A., Ancient Athens,
N.Y., 1902, 431

CHAPTER V

1. Stabo, viii, 6 21; Ix, 2.26

2. Pausanias. ix, 31

S. Mahaffy, Greek Literature I, HT

4. Enc Brit., XI, 629

5. Hesiod, Works and Days, 640

6. Ibid., 665

7. Oardiner. E.N., Athletics, 30

8. Pausanias, ix, 31 ; cf. Mahaffy,
Greek Literature, I, 136 ; CAH,
IV, 474; Orote,. I, 12

9. Hesiod, Theogony, 1-6

10. 120f

11. Nllsson, 185-6

12. Theogony, I66f

13. Ibid., 73fif

14. Works and Days, 266
16. Ibid., 286f

16. 504f

17. 54f

18. Theogony, 686f

19. Works and Days 696f

20. Ibid , 109f

21. Mahaffy, Social Life, 72

22. Mahaffy, Qreek Literature, 64

23. Diodorus, xvi, 28; Frazer, Stu-
dies, 374-6

24. Pope, A., Essay on Man

25. Bury, 95; CAH, III, 619. Others
(Murray, Epic, 43, md' Enc.
Brit, XII, 575) derive the OtaU
from Epirus

— YYA —

26. Cicero, De Fato, 7.

27. Baedeker, xxvll; ZImmern, A.,
Greek Commonwealth, Oxford,'

28. Hippocrates, Works, Loeb Libra-
ry, In trodnctory Essay I to Vol.
II, by W. H. S. Jones; cf Jones,
W. H. S., Malaria and Greek
History, Manchester U.P., 1909.

29. Isocrates, Works, Loeb Library,
Patugyricus, 24

80. Ridder, 122

31. Orate, III, 370-4; Vinogradoff,
Paul, Outlines of Historical
Jurisprudence, Oxford, 1922, II,

86-6

32. Frazer, Studies, 68-9

48. Aristophanes, I, 196, editoVs

note.
84. Baedeker, 104

35. CAH, III, 679-80

36. Aristotle, Constitution of Athens,
London, 1891, Beet. 57; Orote,
III, 890; Conlanges, 331

37. Meyer, Ed., in Zimmern, 896

38. Aristotle,' Constitution, 2 says
that these "sixth-shares" paid
one-sixth of their product to
the owner ,and Plutarchf'Solon")
follows him; but recent scholar-
ship inclines to believe that the
sixth part was the amount kept,
not paid. Cf. Bury, 174; Olotz,
Greek City, 102.

.39. Botsford, Athenian Constitution,
141.

40. Aristotle, Constitution, 2.

41. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 61, 80,
Greek City, 102

42. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 71
48. CAH, IV, 33

44. Ibid

46. Orote, III, 293-4; Coulanges, 418

46. Plntarch, "Solon." "*

47. Botsford, Constitution, 143

48. Pdhlmann, 158; Olotz, Ancient
Greece, 71.

49. Olotz, Greek Cltt, 119

50. Plutarch, Amatorlas, 751c, In
Ltnforth, I.M., Solon the Athe-
nian, Berkeley, Cal., 1919, 166-7

61. Diog. L., "Solon," ii.
52. Plutarch. "Solon."
63. Diog. L, "Solon," ix.

54. Aristotle, Constitution, 5; Orote,
HI, 313; Botsford, 158

55. Aristotle, 6, 12
56.- CAH, IV, 38.

57. Aristotle, 6

58. Plutarch, "Solon"

59. Orote, III, 819

60. Aristotle, 10

61. Plutarch, Ic.

62. Orote, III, 316; Mahaffy, What
Have the Greeks Done' for
Civilization P, 186

68. .CAH, IV, 134; Bury, 183

64. Plutarch, I.e.

66. Aristotle, 12,' Orote, III, 331-2.

66. Plutarch, I.c.

67. Ibid., Aristotle, 9

68. Coulanges, 420; CAH, IV, 42;
Orote, II, 350

69. Plutarch, I.c.

70. Diog L., "Solon," vii

71. Athenaeus, xlll, 25; Lacroix, I,
68-70; Bebel, A., Woman under
Socialism, N.Y., 1928, 36

72. Plntarch, I.e.; Orote, III, 351;
Tucker, T.O., Life In Ancient
Athens, Chautauqua, N.Y., 1917,
159

73. Plntarch

74. Ibid

76. Diog. L, "Solon," xvl

76. Orote, III, 344

77. Diog. L i I.e.

78. Ene. Brit., XX, 965
79..Herodtus, i, 29

80. Plato, Amatores, 133, in LInforth,
•130

81. Herodotus, 1, 30

82. Plutarch, I.e.

83. Diog. L., "Solon," iii

84. DIodorus, ix, 20

85. Herodofus, i, 60 ; Athenaeus,
xill, 89

86. Aristotle, Constitution, 16

87. Olotz, Greek City, 121

88. Calhoun. 29

89. Aristotle, Polities, 1310a

-YY*-

90. Thueydides, vi, 19.

91. Athenaeus, xiii, 70; Lacroix, 1,153

92. Aristotle, Politics lBOOb

CHAPTER VI

t

1. Pater, W., Plato and Platonism,

London, 1910, 346.
S. Thueydides, i, I.
3. CAH. Strabo, x, 5.6; Plutarch,

MoraUia Loeb Library, 9190.

5. Lyra Qratca II, 639

6. Aristophanes, Peace, 695

7. Cicero, De Oratione, il, 86, in
Lyra Qroeca, II, 306

8. Lyra Greaca, II, 257

9. Ibid., HI, 897, 339; tr. J. A.
Symonds, Qrrek Poets, 155, 167

10. Cicero, De Natura Deoram,
Loeb Library, i, 22

11. Thueydides, ill, 109

12. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 113

13. Botsford and Slhler, 188

14. Carroll, 99

15. CAH, IV, 483

16. Symonds, 169

17. Herodotus, iii, 57

18. Ovid, Metamorphoses, Loeb Lib-
rary, x, 243

19. Herodotus, I, 142

20. Ibid., I, 146

21. Ibid., i, 170; Diog. L., "Tales."

22. Aristotle, Pottles, Loeb Library,
1259a

23. Diog. L., "Thales," Hf-viii; Plu-
tarch, "solon,"

94. Heath, Greek Mathematics, 1,
130; I eberweg, F., History of
Philosophy, N.Y., 1871, I, 34-5
Heath, I, 137; Herodotus, i r 74

26. Aristotle, Metaphysics, tr. M'
Mataon, London, 1857, i, 3

27. Ibid

28. Diog. L., "Tales," ill

29. Ibid., "Thnlea » viii 4

30. Ibid

31. Ibid., 'Thales." xli
89. Starbo, xiv, 4.7

33. .Spencer, First Principles of a
New System of Philosophy, N.Y.,
1910,367. '

34. Bakewell, 6

36. Heath, II, 36; Orote, V, 94

36. Bakewell, 6.

37. Aristotle , Metaphysics, i, 3
Bakewell, 7; CAH IV, 664

38. Athenaeus, xii, 26xiil, 29, xiv 20

39. Ibid , xii, 2b

40. Diog. L., "Bias," i-Iv

41. CAH, IV, 92-3

42. Herodotus, ii, 134

43. Plntarcb, Moralla, 16C

44. Leslie, Shane, Greew Anthology,
N.Y., 1929, x, 123

45. Pfuhl, Ernst, Masterpieces of
Greek Drawing and Painting,
London, 1926 Fig. 79

46. Sarton, Qeo., Introduction to the
History of Science, Baltimore,
1930, I, 76

47. Pausanias, viii, 14; Qlotz, Ancient
Greece, 132; Jones, H. Stuart,.
Ancient Writings on Greek Scul-
pture, London, 1 896-, 24-5

48. Ridder, 174

49. Pliny, xxxv, 46

60. Ibid., xxxvi, 91

61. Athenaeus, xii, 29

62. Carroll, 102

53. Frag. 78 in Berodes, Cerddas,
and the Greek Choliambie Poets,
Loeb Library, 66

54. Dlog. L. in Heracleltus, On the-
, Universe, Loeb Library, 464

55. Cf. Mahaffy, What Save the
Greek ?, 219

56. Bakewell, 33.

57. Nietzsche, P., Early Greek Phi-
losophy, N.Y. 1911, 103-4

58. Diog. L., "Heracleitiis," v.

59. Strabo,. xiv, 1.28J Weigall,
Sappho, 155; Webster's Diction-
ary, s.v. colophon.

60. Weigall, 186; Symonds, 150

61. Tr. in Harrison, Prolegomena, 178-

62. Lyra Qratca, HI, 636, II, 126 131

63. Athenaeus, x, 83

64. Lyra Qratca, II, 126, 139

65. Ibid., 145, frag. 16

66. Greek (Palatine) Anthology, vil24

67. Diodorug, xx, 84

-tr«-

88. Herodotus, viii, 105; Qlotz,

Ancient Greece, 85
6Q. Athenaeus, vi, 88-00; Ward, C.

O , Ancient Lowly , Chicago,

1907. I, 12df

70. Eratosthenes in Orate, II, 159

71. Lyra Graece, I, 333; Athenaeus,
xiv, 23

72. Tr. by Symonds, 197

78. Stobaeus, Antholoy, xxix, 68, In
Lara Qraeca, I, Ml

74. Greek Anthology, In, 606

75. Strabo, xiii, 2.3

76. Ovid. Heroid.es, Loeb Library,
xv, 81 ; scholiast on Lncian,.
Imag, 18, In Lyra Qraeca, 1, 160

77. Weigall, Sappho, 76

78. Ibid., 176

79. Symonds, 196

80. Weigall, 86

81. Lyra Qraeca I, 437

82. Athenaeus, xii, 69

81. Donginus, On the Sublime, Loeb

Library, ix, 16
«. Berliner Klrssikertexte, p. 9722,

in Lyra Qraeca, i, 289

86. Murray, Greek Literature, 92;
Weigall 173, 90; Robinson, D.M.
Sappho and Ber Influence, Bos-
ton, 1924, 58

87. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I, S02*

88. Weigall, 321

89. Suidas, Lexicon, S.v.. Phaon, in
Lyra Qraeca, I, 153; Strabo,
x, 2.8

90. Ovid, Heroides, xv

91. Oxyrhynchue Papyrus 1281, In
Weigall, 291

92. Lyra Qraeca, I, 435

93. Athenaeus, xiii, 89

94. Strabo, xii, 3.1 1

96. Ramsay, Asianic Elements, 118

96. Diodorus, iv, 49

97. Polybins, Iv, 88
-98. Semple, 72-3, 814

99. Murray, Greek Literature, 8*

CHAPTER VII

1. Paueanias, iii, S3

2. Ludwig, 266; Cook, Zeus, 776

3. Schliemam, Ihos, 41

4. Strabo, x, 8.9

5. Journal of Hellenic Studies, LVI,

170-89, London lfc82f.

6. Grote, IV, 160-1

7. Mahaffy, Greek Literuture.lfil-S;
J.B. Studies, LV, 138

8. Randall - Maclver, D., Greek
Cities in Italy and Sicilf, Ox- '
ford, 1931, 75; CAH, III, 676

9. Diodorus, iii, 9

10. Athenaeus, xii, 20

11. Ibid., xii, 15, 17

12. Ibid , 68

13. Herodotus, vi, 127
16. Crete, IV, 168

16. Athenaeus, xii, 19

17. Diog. L., "Pythagoras," ix

18. Enc. Brit., XVIII, 802

19. Diog. L., "i-ia, xvii ; Heath,
Greek Math., 1, 4

20. Cicero, De Finibas, Loeb Library,
v, 29, 87; Diodorus, I, 98

21. Cicero, Tusculan Disputations,
Loeb Library | ii, 15

32. Carroll, 299, 307, 310

23. Diog. L., "P>thagoras," vili,

24. Ibid., "Pythagoras," xix, xvlii;
Orote, V, 103

96. Diog. L., "Pythagoras," xix

26. Ibid., "Pylh.," xvlii

27. Orote, V, 100-1

28. Diog. L , "Pyth ," xxil ; Cook,
Zeus, 1

29. Diog. "Pyth., viii

30. Heath, 1, 10

31. Prosluo, in Heath, I, 141.

32. Diog. L., "Pyth.," xi

33. Wnibley, 229

34. Heath, 1, 70, 85. 145

35. Whewell, W., History of the
Inductive Sciences, N.Y., 1869,
1, 106; Oxford History of Muiic
Oxford U.P., 1929, Introductory
Volume, 3

36. Aristotle, Works, ed. Smith and
Ross, Oxford, 1991, De Coelo,
ii, 9; Metaphysics, 1, 6; Oxford
History of Music, 27; Heath, 1,
166, II, 107-

- tn-

37. Heath, II, 65, 11 9;. Berry, A.,
Short History of Astronomy, N.
Y., 1909, 24

38. Diog. L.. «Pyth.," xxv.

39. Ibid., 9, Introd., xviih

40. Livingstone, R. W., Legacy of
Greece, Oxford, 1924, 59

41. Diog. L., "Pylh ," xix
49. Ibid

43. Rohde, Erwin, Psyche,. N. Y.,
• 1925, 375; Pater, Plato. 64

44. Greek Anthology, vii, 120

45. Ariftotle, Nicomaehem Ethics,
v 8

46. Dlog. L , "pyth.." xxi

47. Orote, IV, 154-8 j CAH, IV,

I ' 115-6

48. Frag. 84 in Mhibley, 89

49. Heatb, II, 52 ; Mahaffy, Greek
Lit., I, 138

50. FragB.14-6,5-7,1-3, In Bakwell, 8

62. Diog. L-, "Xenophanes," HI

63. Frags. 9-10

64. Bakewell, 10-11

55. Warren, Foundations, 341 : but
Koldewey (ibid.) places it about
460

56. Randall-Maclver, 9-10

67. Child, V.Q,,.Dawn of European
Civilization, N.Y. 1995, 98-100

68. Thucydides, vi, 18 ,' Diodorus,
v, S

69. Orote, IV, 149

60, Freeman. E.A., Story of Sicily,
N.Y., 1899, 66

61. Ibid

62 Polyhlus, xii, 96

63. Ibid., ix, 27

64. Ibid., v, 2

66. Herodotus, vii, 156

6ft. Luclan, Works, tr. H. W. and
F.O. Fowler, Oxford, 1905, Her-
motimaa," 34

67. Olotz, ' Ancient Greece, 116 ;
Draper, J. W., History of the
Intellectual Development of
Europe, N.Y., 1876, I, 52

CHAPTER VIII

II CAH, II, 610

( T-»lf i f t «!jUJ.IJ-f-\A)

S. Cf. Sophocles, Oedipus at Colo-
mas, 1470 ; Cook, Zeus, prssim

3. Iliead, iii, 977

4. Frazer, Magic Art, I, 815

5. Murray, Q. Five Stages of
Greek Religion, Oxford U.p.,
1930, 60

6. Nilsson, 91; FantW.Greece 'and
Babylon, 228

7. Nillson, 91-2/ Heracleitus in
Bakewell, 29

8. Murray, O. Aristophanes : A
Study, N.Y., 1933, 6

9. Harrlsont Jane, Prolegomenat,
898; Olotz, Aegean Civilisation,

391-2; Briffault, Mothers, HI, 146

10. Mnmy, Five Stages, 35-6; Reina.
cb, S., Orpheus 86 ; Frazer Sir
J., Spirits of the Corn and of
Wild, N.Y., 1936, I, 4

11. Whlbley, 387

12. Murray, Five Stages, 31

13. Ibid., 29, 33; Harrison, Prolego-
menat, PP. viit and 28

16. Harrison, 18

16. Rodenwaldt, 815

17. Sophocles, Phlloctetes, 1327-9 ;
Harrison, 297f

18. Ibid., 325

19. Rohde, 159

20. Nilson, 133
31. Rohde, 297

22. Ibid., 179

23. Seymour, 98; Odyssey; i, 56f ;
Iliad, iv, 14f

24. Ibid., viii, 17-27
26. Semple,' 529

26. Iliad, xvl, 661f

27. Hesiod, Theogony, 887 f

28. Iliad, xv, 17

39. Frszer, Magic Art, I, 14-15
80. Iliad, viii, 880f

31. Ibid., xx, 46, xxi, 406

32. Smith, Win, Dictionary of Greek
and Roman Antiquities, Boston,
1859, 603

33. CAH, II, 637; Olotz, Ancient
Greece, 112; Blakeney, M.A.,

ti.,Smaller Classical Dictionary,
Everyman Library, 258

-Yrv-

34. CAH, I.c.

35. Diodorus, iv, 6
"86. Attaenaens, xli, 80

37. Oardner, P., New Chapters, 167
SB. Frazer, Sir J., Adonis, Attis,

Osiris, N.Y., 1935,226; Gardner,

New Chapters, 157

39. Semple, 43-4

40. In Symonds, 204

41. Diodorus, ii! 69

42. Herodotus, il, 49-57

48. Nilsson, 86; CAH, IV, 527

44. Ibid., 535

45. Rohde, 220 \ Oardner, New
Chapters, 385

.46. Diodorus, iv, 25

47. Harrison, Pnlegomenat, 465

48. Relnach, 88; CAH, IV, 586-B;
Harrison, 483 ; Murray, Greek
Literature, 65; Carpenter, Edw.,
Pagan and Christain Creeds,
N.Y, 1920, 64

49. Harrison, p. xi.

5a Ibid., 68Bj Nilsson, SSI, Rohde,

344
61. Plato, Republic, ii, 864-6
52. Harrison, 572
63. Whibley, 402
54. Nilsson, 247
65. Symonds, 496
56. Dickinson, O.I ., Qreek View of

Life, N.V., 1928, I

67. Orote, II, 101-9

68. Coulanges, 223

59. Xenophon, Anabasis, v, 3«4

60. Iliad, xxi, 27, xxlil, 22, 176

61. PauBanias, iv, 9, vii, lg, CAH,
II, 621

62. Pausanas, iii, 16, Plutarch,
"Lycurgus", Nilsson, 94

63. CAH, 1(, 618, Orote, I, 111

64. Frazer, Sir J., Scapegoat, N.Y.,
1935, 258, Harrison, 107

45. Aristophanes, Frogs, 734, and
scholiast ; Rohde, 296 ', Harrison,
103 ; Nilsson, 87, Frazer, Scape-
oat. 253

66: Harrison, 108

67. Murray, O., Epie, 12-18, 817,
Harrison, 103

68. Plutarch, "Pelopldas."

69. Hesiod, Theogony, 557f

70. Odyssey, 111 338-41, CAH, II, 626

71. Farnell, 237

72. Hairison, 501

73. Diodorus, iii, 66

74. Orote, I, 145-6
76. Harrison, 167

76. Nilsson, 82-3, Rohde, 168

77. Coulanges, 213, Rohde, 296-6

78. Nilsson, 83

79. Ibid., 86

80. Theophrastus, Characters, Loeb
Library, xvi

81. Plutareh, "Solon"

82. Sophocles, Trachinian Women,
584., Lacroix, I, 117, Becker, 381

83. Plato, Laws, 933, Harrison, 189

84. Herodotus, ix, 95

85. Coulanges, 291

86. Carroll, 270, Rohde, 292

87. Coulanges, 289

88. Orote, III, 38-9, Benson, E. F.,
Life of Alcibiades, N.Y., 1929,83

89. Herodotus, v, 63, vi, 66, Orote,
V, 431

90. Ibid., Ill, 127

91. CAH, III, 627-8

92. Ibid., 604

93. In Coulanges, 288

94. Harrison, 121, Frazer, Spirits
of the Corn, II, 17

95. Harrison, 82

96. Frazer, Spirits of the Corn,], 30

97. Rohde, 239

CHAPTER IX

1. Herodotus, vlii, 144

2. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, 1V.24

3. Enc. Brit., I, 681

4. Mason, W. A„ . History of the
Art of Writing, 344

5. Mahafly, Old Qreek Education,
49, Thompson, Sir E. M., Intro-
duction to Greek and Latin
Palaeography, Oxford, 1912, 58

6. Pliny, siil, 11

7. Shortwell, J. T., Introduction to
the History of Bistoy, N.Y.,
1936, 30, Becker, 162n

~YW-

8. Thompson, 89, 43; Mahaffy, I.e.,
51

9. Becker, 974

10. Staowell, 32

11. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, 1,
25-8

19. Orate, II, 246; Murry, Epic, 23ft

13. Diog. L., "Solon," Ix

14. Orote, II, 245; Murray, Epic, 147

15. Ibid., 258.

16. Iliad, xxii, 106-13, tr. O. Murray

17. Ramsay, A&ianic Element!, 289

18. Mad, i, 477, etc

19. Ibid, ii, 469-78

SO. Ibid., xx, 490, tr. Bryant

81. Mahaffy, Greek Literature, I,

35, 81. Arisfarchus of Samothrace

wrote ci. 180 B.C.

22. Browne, 92

23. Qlotz, Aegean Ctvilzation, 393 ;
Ward, I, 41 j Orote, II , 806-7

24. Briffault, Mothers, I, 411

25. Odyssey, lv, 120-86

26. Herodotus, ii, 63

37. Curtius, Ernst, Qriechlsehtt ,
Berlin, I887f, I, 136, in Rober-
tson, J.M., Short, History of
Free Thought, London, 1914, I,
127j Mahaffy, Social Life, 358;
Murray, Epic, 267

87a.' Symonds, 187

28. Odyssey, viii, 146

29. Rodenwaldt, 283

30. Oardinder, Athletics, 230

31. Mahaffy. Qreek Education, 18
89. Oardiner, Athletics, 284

31. Tucker, 222
34. In Zim'mern, 316
85. Pansanias, 816

36. Ibid., I, 44

37. Oardiner, New Chapters, 291

38. Ibid., 294
89. Ibid., 294

40. Oardiner, Athletics, 212f

41. Pausaoias, vi, 4

42. Ibid., viii, 40

43. Ibid., vi, 14

44. Herodotus, Hi, 106

45. Pauaanias, vi, 18

46. Herodotus, viii, 26

47. Orote, III, 352-3

48. Athenaeus, x, i; Oardiner,
Athletics, 64-6

49. Ferguson, W.M., Qreek Imperia-
lism, Boston, 1913, 68-9; Halgb,
A.C., Attic Thiatre, Oxford,
1907, 3

50. Winckelmann, J., History of
Ancient Art, Boston, 1880, II, 288

61. Athenaeus, xiii, 90

52a. Ibid

53. Richter Q.., Handbook of the
Classical Colleetlon,tAtUopo\iin
Museum of Art, N.Y., 1922, 76

64. Rodenwaldt, 234

65. Ridder, 171
56. Pfubl, 38

67. Ridder, 181 ; Murray, A. S.,
Qreek Sculpture, I, 11

58. Rodenwaldt, 247

59. Cf. Pijoan, J., Bistort of Art,
N.r, 1927, 1, ligs. 351-2

60. Ibid', p. 229

61. Pliny, xxxv, 161

62. Cotterill, H. B., History of Art,
N.Y., 1922, 99-100

68. Anderson and Spiers, 42; CAH,
IV, 608-8

64. Livingstone, Legacy of Greece
412; Waaen, 277-80; Smith, O.E.,
422J CAH, IV, 99

65. Polybius, iv, 20-1 ; Athenaeus,

xiv, 22

66. Lacroix, I, 122

67. Pratt, W.S., HUtorf of Music,
N.Y., 1927, 58

68. Pansanlas, x, 7

69. Mahaffy, Sodal Life, 456

70. Diodorus, Ui, 67

71. Lyra Qraeea, III, 582

72. Strabo, x, 8.17

7i Oxford History of Music, 8

74. Ibid., Pratt, 65; Mahaffy, What
Have the Greeks?, 143;id„ Sodal
Life, 463-5

75. Aristotle, Polities, 1342b.

76. Athenaeus, xiv, 18

77. Ibid., 10; Lyra Qraeea, II, 498;
Symonds, 180; Olotz, Ancient
Greece, 279

-m-

78. Oxford History of Made, I, 80

79. Haigh, 811

80. Lnclan, "Of Pantomime."

81. Ibid'

82. In Kirsteia, L- , Dance, N.Y.,

83. Athenaeus, 1, 37

84. Kinteln, 28-90

85. Ibid., 30

86. Athenaeus, xlv, 12, 88

87. Lyra Qraeca, III, 630

88. Lucian, I.e.

89. Mahaffy, Social Life, 464-5

90. Athenieua, xlv, 17

91. Aristotle, Poetics, iv; -Murray,
Aristophanes, 3

92. Enc Brit., VII, 689

93. Aristotle, Politics, 1336b

94. Murrayi I c.; id., Xireek Litera-
ture, 212; Haigh, 292; Sumner,
W.O., Folkways, 447

95. Aristophanes, Eleven Comedies,
I; 327 and editor's note; Kirstein,
38

96. Enc. Brit., VII, 684

97. Aristotle, Poetics, v, 3 J

98. CAH, V, 117

99. Aristotle, Poetics, iv, 17

100. Ridgeway In Harrison, 76;
Sumner apd Keller, III, 2109

101. Enc. Brit., VII, 682

102. Ibid., 688

10S. Athenaeua, I, '39

104.' DIog. L., 88, "Solon," xi

CHAPTER X

1. Herodotus, vl, 98

2. Orote, V, 16
8. Ibid., 22

4. Herod., vi, 102

5. Rawlinson, app. to Herod., vi;
Orote, V, 68; Pausanias, x 20

6. Plutarch. "Aristldes."

8. Herod., vi, 132-6

9. Plutarch, I.e.

10. Ibid

11. Ibid

12. Thucydides, i, 6. 138

13. Plutarch, "Themlstoclea."

14. Plutarch, "Arittidei."

16. Herod., vii, 133-7

16. Ibid., 184-6, 196

17. Ibid., 146

18. Ibid., 33-6

19. Ibid., 66

20. Athenaeus, iv, 27; Heroe., vi)
118-9

21. Ibid., vili, 4-6

22. vii, 231-3

23. viii, 24

34. Greek Anthology, vii, 249; Strabo,

ix, 4, 12-16 '
25. Plutarch, "Themistocles."
26. -Mahaffy, Social Life, 223. Maha-
ffy considers the story a legend,
but no lover of dogs will doubt it

27. Herod., ix, 4-6

28. Ibid., viii, 89

29. Orote, V, 316f, and Freeman,
77. believe that the two actions
were concerted; CAH, IV, 378,

30. Orote,' V, 319-20

31. Herod., ix, 70

32. Rawlinson, note to Herod., Ix.

CHAPTER XI

1. Shelley, P.B., "On the Manners
of the Ancients," qnoted by
Livingstone, Legacy, 261

9. Herod,, viii, 111-12

fl. Oxford Book of Greek Verse in
Translation, Oxford, 1938, 534;
Plutarch, "Themistocles."

4. Plutarch, "Ariatides."

5. Thucydides, i, 5

6. Orote, VI, 6-7

7. Aristotle, Constitution, 21

8. Ibid., 41

9. Plutarch, "Pericles"; Orote, VII
16; CAH, V, 72

10. Plutarch, I.e.

11. Ibid

12. Ibid

13. Olotz, Greek Cltg, 241

14. Plato, Oorgias 516; Aristotle
Constitution, 27; Plutarch, I.e.

15. CAH, V, 100; Olotz, 210

16. Olotz, 181

17. Plutarch, I.e.

-tr«-

18. Ibid

19. Plato, Phaedrus, 870

20. Plutarch, I.e.
SI. Carroll 197

22. Aristophanes. Achamians, B14f ;

Athenaeus, xiii, 26-6
28. Lacroix, I, 15*; Carrol, 200
74. Plato, Mentxtnus, 936; Carroll,

311; Bemon, 58
16. Lacroix, I, 156
96. Plutarch, I.e.

27. Plato, I.c.; Benson, 57-8

28. Plutarch, I.c.

29. Benson, 58

30. Plutarch

31. Plato, Teaetetas, 79, Republic,
ii, 8, Laws, ix, 3; Thucydldes,
M, 52; Mahaffy, Social Life,
178-9; Orote, VI, 305-6

32. Botsford, 222

33. Olotz, Greek City, 166, Carroll,
442

84. Tuker, 251-2

85. Isocrates, Antidosis, 320

86. Coulanges, 248

37. Tylor, E.B.,. Anthropology, N.Y.,
1906, 217

38. Vinogradoff, II, 61-fl-

39. Aristotle, Constitution, 57

40. Olotz, Greek City, 986

41. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 153

42. Botsford, 53-4

43. Olotz, Ancient City, 297

44. Cf. Aristotle's will in Dlog. L.,
186, "Ariitoie," ix

45. Xenophoi, Memorabilta, tr.
Watson, Phila 189s, x, 2.9

46. Murray, Greek Literature, 328

47. Olotz, Antcient Oreece, 281
4& Tucker, 263

49. Isoerates, Antidosis, 79

50. Enc Brit* X/829

51. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 316
■52, Olotz, Greek dtp, 863

58. Herod., v, 77 ; Aristotle, Ethics
v, 7

54. Olotz, Greek City, 230

55. Zimmern, 290; Ferguson, 69
68. CAH, V, 29; Orote, II, 65-7
57. Thucydldes, II, 6

58. Lyra Orveca, II, 337
CHAPTER XII

1. Xenophon, Economieas, Iv-vi, In
Minor Works

2. Ibid., xviil, 3

3. Semple, 407, 414, 421

4. Pausanias, ii, 38

5. Zimmero, 52*4

6. Aristophanes, II, 245; Athenaeus,
vii 43, bOf

7. Ibid., vix, 51

8. Xenophon, Memorabilia, ii, 1

9. Hippocrates, "Regimen In Acute
Diseases," xxviiif

10. Aeschylus, Persian Women, 838

11. Aristotle, Constitution, 47;
Baedeker, 123

12. CAH. V, 16

13. Rickard, T.A., Man and Mitals,
N.Y., 1932, 1, 376;Calhonm, 149-3

14. Ibid , 164-6

15. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 236

16. Semple, 678-9

17. Ibid., 668

18. Olotz, 205

19. Viiruvius, On Arhitecture, Loeb
Library, II, 6.3

20. Aeschylus, Agamenmon, 2781;
Horod., ix, 3: Thucydldes, vlii, 26

21. Aristophanes, Frogs, In Eleven
Comedies, II, 194

32. Plato, Qrogias, 611
S3. Olotz, 891

24. Ibid , 233

36. In Zimmern, 307

86. Lucian, "Nigrinus," 1

27. CAH, V, 33

28. Zimmern, «18; CAH, V, 8

29. Zimmern, 383

30. Isocrates, Panegyrtcus, 42

31. Thucydides, ii, 6

82. Xenophon, Economieas, Iv, 8

33. Olotz, 218

34. Oomme, A W., Population of
Athens in the 5th and 4th Cen-
turies B.C., Oxford, 1933, 21

36. Athenaeus, vl, 103; Becker, 861
36.' Semple, 667; Olotz, 192-8

37. Ibid., 208

-vn-

38. Aescbines, Epistle 12,
in Becker, CAH, V, 8

39. In Bostford and Sihler, 225
«0. Qlotz, 196

41. Dickinson, 119; Ward, I, 39

42. CAH, VI, 529-30

43. Aristotle> Ethics, viii, IS

44. Murray, Eplc,\B; CAH, VI, 529
64. CAH, V, 25

64. Aristophanes, Ecclestazucae, 307
74. Warld, i, 98

48. CAH, V, 12,85

49. Qlotz, 337
BO. 1Mb , 286

61. Tontain J., Economic Life of
the Ancient World N.Y., 1930;
Introduction by Henri Ben, p.
xxiii

52. CAH, V, 38

68. Semple, 426

54. Qlotz, 168

55. Tucker, 261

66. Conlanges} 451

67. Ward,I, 42

68. Qlotz, 148

59. Ward, I, 88, II, 48, 76, 263, 342

60. Hall, M.P„ Encyclopedic Outline
of Masonic, Hermetic,Oabbalittlc

' and Roslcracian SymbollcalPhllo-
sophy, San Franciseo, 1928, 64

61. Aristophanes, II, 871f

62. Ibid 440f

63. Tuocydides, till, 24

64. Ibid., iii, 10, slightly transposed

65. Aristotle ( ? ), Economics, iii, 15

66. Qlotz, 296

67. Idid., 298

68. Ibid., 298 ; Lyslas, Against the
Qrain-Dealers, xxll, in Botsford
and Sihler, 426; Semple, 365,
663j Zimmern, 362

69. Qlotz, 169

CHAPTER XIII

1. Plato, Republic, 459f
3. Aristotle, Politics, 1335

3. Haggard, H. W., Devils, Drugs,
and Doctors, N.V., 1929. 19

4, Hlmes 89. 96. Coitus interrupts

was adparaently a popular
method of family limitation
through antiquity.

5. Athenaens, xiv, 3

6. Plutarch, "Themistocles," Mora-
lia, 185D

7. Greek Anthology, vii, 887

8. McCless, H., Daily Life of the
Qreeksand, Romans, N.Y., 1928,
41; Metropholitan Museum of Art

9. Ibid., 4i; Becker, 223; Mahaffy,
' Qreek Education, 16, 19; Weigall,

Sappho, 200

10. Plato, Laws, vli, 84

11. Plato, Protagoras, S26

12. Mahaffy, op. cit., 89

13. Becker, 224

14. Winekelmann, II, 296

15. Plato, Protagoras, 325

16. Aristotle, Constitution, 42

17. Oardner, Ancient Athens, 483;
Mahaffy, op. cit., 76

18. Lycnrgus, Against Ltocratesjl-
89, in Botsford; and Sihler, 478.
On its authenticity cf. Mahsffy,
op. cit., 71

19. dlog. L„ "Aristotle," xi

20. Tucker, 173 ; Weigall, 184
2). Plutarch, Moralia, 249B"
22. CAH, II, 22-3

28. Becker 456,

24. Carroll, 172

25. Tucker, 125-7

26. Ibid

27. P\ntucb,Moralia,928B;Athenetts
xv, 34

28. Weigall, 189, 206-7; Carroll, 178

29. Eubulus, Flower Olrls, In Tucker,
173-4, and Lacroix, I, 101-2 •

30. Weigall, 187

31. .Athenaeus, xv, 45

33. Qlotz, 278

38. Wright, F. A., History of Later,
Qreek Literature, N. Y., 1932, 19

34. Zimmern, 215
85. Tucker, 120
36. Csubwges, 294

87. Qreek Anthology, x, 125

38. Voltaire, Works, N.Y.,1927, IV.74

-YVV-

89. Thucydides, ii, 6; Mahaffy,
Social Life, 296; Hbbhouie, L.
Y., Morals in JEvolation, N.Y.,
1916, 347; Qlotz, Greek CHy, 131

40. Vlnogrtfdoff, II, 54-6

40a. Aristotle, in Sedgwick and
Tyler, Short Bistort of Science,
N.Y.,.1927, 103

41. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 390;
Becker, 280; Tucker, 150

42. Ibid., 123

43. Qrote, V, 53

44. Thucydidek, ii', 10.82

46. Pausaniai, vil, 9-10; Plutarch,
Artaxerxes II."

46. Xeuophon, Cyrepaedia, Loeb
Library, I, 6.27

47. Thucydides, i, 3.76

48. Ibid., v, 17

49. Ibid., Hi, 9.34

50. Ibid., v, 32.116- vl, 20.96;
Polyblns, Hi, 86; Couldangel, 376

61. Thucydides, ii, 7:67.

62. Plutarch, "Aldbiades."

68. Plato, Laws, vili, 881
64. Herod., v, 78

88. Ariltophanes, Ecct,, 720; Bec-
ker, 241

69. Ibid., 243

81. Demosthenes, Against Neaen',
■ Becker, 244

62. Lacroix, I, 124, 129

63. Ibid., 112

64. Ibid., 85

65. Briffault, II, 340

86. Mahaffy ,0/v<A Life and Thought,
1 London, 1887, 72

67. Lacroix, I, 88

68. CAH, V, 175 <

69. Lacroix, I, 166*

70. Ibid., 162

71. Becker, 248

72. Athenaeus, xilf, 59

73. Ibid.,

74. Ibid., 58

75. Ibid., 63

76. Lacroix, I, ISO

77. Ibid.", 179

78. Athenaeus, xlil, 64

79. Lacroix, I,- 182-3

80. Ibid., 145-6

SI. Ellis, H., Studies in the Psycho-
logy of Sex, Phlla., 1911, VI, 184

82. Murray, Aristophanes, 46

83. Plutarch, "Lycurgus't; Strabo,
x, 4.31

84. Plutarch, "Pelopihas."
86. Diog. L., "Xeuophon." vl

86. Cf. Plato, Lysis, 204

87. Plato, Symposium, 180f, 192

88. Lacroix, I, 118, 126

89. Bebel, 37,' Hime, 52

90. Wbibley, 612

91. Carroll, 307

92. Sophocles, Trachlnian Women,
443

92a. Tr. by J.S. Phillimore in
Oxford Book of Greek Verse in
Translation, 367

93. Becker, 478

94. Athenaeus, xiii, 16

95. Sunner, Folkways, 862; Beker,
473.

96. Tucker, 83

97. Carroll, 164

98. Euripides, Medea, 283

99. Coulangel, 63, 298; Becker, 476
Briffanlt, II, 836

100. Ziminern, 334, 343

101. Euripides, Aeolus, 22

102. Demosthenes, Against Neaera;
Smith, Win., Dictionary, 349,
b.v., Concubiuof

103. Olotz, Greek City, 296; Zimm-
eru, 340 Zeller, Ed., Socrates
and the Soeratic Schools, Lon-
don, 1877', 62, questions the
story and the law

104. Westermarck, E„ History of
Human Marriage, London,
1991 III, 319; Becker, 497; Lyra
Graeca, II, 136

105. Lacroix, I, 114; Enc. Brit., X,
828; Becker, 496

106. Tucker, 84; Westermark, op.
cli. 319; Lacroix, I, 143

107. Westermarck, I.e.; Coulangas,
119

108. Thuc, ii, 6

109. Lacroix, I, 143

-tVA-

110. Becker, 464: Tucker 83-4.

111. Summer, Folkways, 497; Brif-
fault, I, 405.

112. Tucker, 156.

113. Aristrophanes, Lyslstrata, 42f.

114. In Tucker, 84.

115. Greek Anthology, vii, 340.

116. Botsford and Sihler, 51.

117. Tucker, 80-6.
US. Semple, 490-1.

119. Athenaeus, i, 10.

120. Greek Anthology, xi, 413.
191. AtheaeUBi v £.

122. Xenophon, Banquet ii, 8.

123. Mafaffy, Social Life, 120-1.

124. Coulanges, 422.

125. Plato, Republic, iv, 426.

126. Tucker, 270.

127. Semple, I.e.
128 Rohde, 167.

129. Harrison, Prolegomena 600 ;
Westermarck, E., Origin and
Development of the Moral
Ideas, London, 1917-24, 1, 716

CHAPTER XIV

1. Xenophon, Eeonomicus, vili, 19f
Z Thuc, ii.-6.40

3. Xenophon, Bonnet, Iv, 11

4. In Ridder, 48

6. Usher, A.P., History of Mecha-
nical Inventions, N.Y., 101-7

6. Cf. the gems in the Fourth
Room of the Classical Collec-
tion Metropolitan' Museum of
Art, New York.

7. Pfuhl, 5.

8. Ridder, 287

9. Pliny, xxxv, 34

10. Mahaffy, Sieial Life, 449-60;
Ridder, 10

11. Plutarch, "Cimon."

12. Pauaanias, x, 25

13. Pliny, xxxv, 35; Winckelman,
II, 299

14. Pliny, xxxv, 80

15. Ibid.

16. Plutarch, •'Pericles."

17. Pliny, I.e.

18. Athenaeus, xxi, 62

19. Murray, A.S., I, 13

20. Pliny, l.c.

21. Cicero, De Invent.. II, 1, in
Murry, A. S., I, 12, Pliny, I.e.,
places the story in Acragas.

22. National Museum. Naples; Guide
to the Archeolagical Collection,,
Naples, 1935, 11.

23. Notional Museum, Athens.

'24. Xenophon, Memorebilia, ii, 10.7

25. RIpder, 177

26. Fardner, Greek Sculpture, 20-1

27. Pliny, xxxiv, 19

28. Ibid.

29. Pijoan, I, 264

30. Cf. Lucian, "A Portrait Study,"
in Works, III, 16-16

31. Jones, H. S., Ancient Writer*
on Greek Sclpture, 78.

32. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 231.

38. Cf. Jones, op. cit., 76; Gardner,
Greek Sculpture, 284; Frazer,
Studies in Greek Scenery, 411;
CAH, V, 479

34. Pijoan, 1, 269

36. Pausanias, v, li; Strabo, viii,
3-80

36. Iliad, i, 628

37. Pausanias, v, 11

38. Pojybius, xxx, 10

39. Frayer, op. cit., 293

40. Quintilian. Institutes, Loeb
Libary, xii, 1.07

41. Plutarch. "Pericles."

42. Scholiast on Aristophanes./VaM,
605, in Jones, op. cit., 76.

43. Lucian, I.e.

44. Vltruvius, iv, 1.8.
46. Cotterill, I, 76
46. Pausanias, v, 10

' 47. Zlmmern, 411, Qrote (VI, 70)
makes a smaller estimate ($
18,000,000 ) for the architectural
wprks in AtheuB proper.

48. Warren, 156

49. Ibid., 881

50. Vltruvius, Hi, 5

51. Ruakln Antra Pentelici, 174;

-tr*-

Qirdner, Ancient Atheni, 838;
Oirdne, Greek Sculpture, 834
52. Warren, 327/ 989-41; Maturity,
. What Have the Greek? 130

63. Ludwing, 189f.

64. Warren 310-11; Qnrdner Ancient
Athens, 258

CHAPTER XV

1. Heath, Greek Mathematics, I, 46

Whibly, 328-9
3. Heath, I, 150

3. Sarton, 92

4. Sedgwick and Tyler, 33

5. Heath, I, 176, 178
■6. CAH, V, 883

7. Heath, 1 93

8. Diog. L., .384, "Parmenides" HJ
' Sarton, 85

9. Aristotle, De Coelo, il, 18;
Heath, Sfr Tho«., Arlstarchus
of somas, Oxford, 1913, 94

10. DIog. L.,.389; "Leuclppus," lii.

11. Ibid., 390; Heath, Arislarches,
. J25-

lla. Sarton, 93

12. Heath, 78

13. Anaxagoras, tragi. 12 and 16,
in Bakewell, 61 ; Ueberweg, I,
68-5; CAH, IV, 570.

14.' Heath, 81.
16. Ibid, 83.

16. Ueberweg j I, 66.

17. Diog. L., 69 60, "Anaxagoras," iv.

18. Heath, 138.

19. Ibid., 79.

30. Anaxagoras, frag. 4, in' Bake-
well, 49.

91. Diog. L., I.c.

32. Frags. 6 and 17, In Bakewell,
5 ; Diog. L.,.I.c.

38. Frag.9, in Bakewell, 61; Arlsotle
Metaphysics, i 3, De Coelo, fii;
3, De, Qeneratione et Corrup-
Hone, 1, i; Lucretius, DeRurum
Natara, Loeb Library, i, 83 ol.

94. Diog. L , I.c.

35. Aiigtole t DePartlbusAnlmollun,
I, 10, iv, 10.

26.Mitotte,Metapphslcs, I, 4.

27. Nllson, 274.

98. Diog. L., 61, "Anaxgorai," viil ;

Robertson, J.M., I, 153-
39. Plutarch, "Pericles."

80. Murray, Greek LUereture, 1S9.

81. CAH, IV, 669-70.

32. Heath, Greek Math., I, 172.

83. Diog. L., 8l, a Anaxsgorac," ix-

84. Oerminus in Heath, Arlstrehus
376.

35. Herod., ii, 4, and Rawlinion'a

note; Whibley, 71.
86. Orote, II, 29-30.

37. Herod., ii, 4.

38. Sarton, 83.

39. Semple, 35-7.

40. Ibid.

41. Cf. Sect. III. of Chap. XVI,
below; and cf. Aesehylns,
Prometheus Bound, 442-506.

42. Gardner, New Chapters 269.

43. Sarton, 88.

44. Herod., iii, 176-38.

45. Sarton, 77.

46. Ibid. Livingstone, Legacy, 309.

47. Sarton, 103.

48. Oarrlson," F. H., History of
Medicine, Phlla., 1939, 95.

49. Hippocrates,W0/£c,I, Introd.,by
W.H S. Jones.

60. Ibid., IV, "Aphorisms." i.

51. "The Sacred bit ease"; Airs,

Waters, Place*," xxli.
62. Hippocritec, Works, II, Introd.,

viil; I, Introd., xxlv; Oamson,

94.

53. Ibid., IV, "The Nature ol Man,"
Iv, 10.

54. Ibid., "Regimen 111," Ixviii.

55. Livingstone, 234.

56. Qarrison, 94 ; Hippocrates J,
Introd., Ivl.

57. IV, Introd., vili.

58. Hardlng,T.S,in Medical Journal
. and Record, aug., ],. 1928.

59. Hipphoerates, IV, Introd., vil.
Hippocrates- settles a very an-
cient problem when be writes :

-Yt»-

"It is best for flatulence to
pass without noise and break-
ing, though it is better for it
to pass even with [noise than
to be intercepted and •accumu-
lated internally." — Works, IV,
"Prognostic," 11.

60. In Livingstone, 285.

61. Hippocrates IV.'Regimen, HI/'
Ixviii.

69. Saiton, 96.

63. Livingstone, 108.

64. Hippocrates, II, "The Sacred
Disease," xvii.

66. Xenophon, "Constitution of the
Lacedaemonians," xli, 6; Ma-
turity Social Life, 293; Becker,
880; Oarrison, 91; Hippocrates,
Works, 1, 299.

66. Garrison. 97; Livingstone, 326.

67. Ibid., UO.

68. I am Indebted, for explanation
of the material at Epidanrus,

to Dr. A. A. Smith, of Hastings
Neb.

69. Livingstone, 226.

70. Plato, Laws, iv, 780.

71. Carroll, 824-6; Mahaffy, Sodal
Life, 297.

72. Xenophon, Memorabilia, Iv, 2 ;
Garrison, 91 : Becker, 876.

78. Ibid.. 291; Garrison, 90; Plato,

Statesman, 859.
74. HippocrateB, II, "Law," i, and

Introd. to Essay VI.
76. I. 291- .

76. Ibid., 299.

77. Becker, 379.

78. Hippocrates, II, Decorum," vii ;
"Precepts," vl.

79. "Decorum," v.

CHAPTER XVI

1. Athenaeus, xli, 82.'

a. Plato, Protagoras, 834, 389.

3. Symonda, 116 j Owen, John,
.■ .Evenings with the Sceptics,

London, 1881, I, 177.

4. Bakewell, 11.

6. Ibid., 22; the conclusion is
rephrased.

6. Plato, Parmenides, 127.

7. Russell, B., Principles of Mat-
hematics, London, 1903, I, 817.

8. Plutarca, "Pericles."

9. Plato, I.c.

10. Dlog. L., "Zeno," iv.

11. Ibid.

12. Tredennick, H., introd. to Aris-
totle, Metaphysics, Lobe Libr-
ary, xvii; CAH, IV, 575-6.

13. Heath, Aristarchus, 106.

14. Tredennick, I.e.

15. Lencippus, frang. 2 in Bakewell,

16. Diog. L., "Leucippns," i-iii.

17. Lange, F-E„ History of Mater-
ialism, N.Y., 1926, 15.

18. Diog. L /Democritus." ii-iii.

19. Ibid.

20. Lange. 17.

22. Enc. Brit., XVII, 39.

23. Grote, O., Plato and the Other
Companions of Socrates, Lon-
don. 1875, I, 68 ; Bakewell, 62.

24. Robertson, J.M., I. 158; Lange
17.

26. Diog. LI, "Democritus," xiii.

26. Heath, Greek Math., 1, 176.

27. Cicero, De Oratore, i, 11;
Ueberweg, I, 68 : Grote, Plate,

I, 68,96.

28. Bacon, F., Philosophical Works,
ed. Robertson, London, 1905,
96, 471-2, 660.

29. Democritus, frag. O (Eiels) in
Bakewell, 60.

30. Frags. 117 and 9 in Bakewell,60.

81. Ueberweg, I, 70.
32. Lange, 27.

32. Ueberweg, 1, 96-70J Orow,
Plato, 1, 77.

34. Ibid., 76.

35. Diog. L„ "Democritus," xli.
86. Heath, Aristarchus, 26, 127.

37. Ueberweg, I.e.

38. Orote, Plate, I, 78.

39. Lucretius, ill, 370.

42. In Plutarch, Moralia, 81'.

Y^~

43. Oweu, 1,149.

44. Lance, 31; Diog. L. v "Demoerf
tut," xlij Ueqerweg, Ix.

44. Frag. 154a in Bakewefl, 69.
4«. Frag, 57.

47. !■ Owi, 1^ 149.

48. Ueberweg, I, 68.

49. Athenaeua, II, 96.

50. Ibid.; Lucretius, HI, 1039.
61. Diog. L-, "Democritua," xl.
59. Athenaeua, I,e.

68. Diog. L., "Democritua," vlll.
64. Id., "Empedoclei » II.
66. Io Symonda 127.

66. Murrayi, Oretk Literature, 76.

67. Symonda, 127.

58. Diog. L.. "Empedocles," ill.

59. Ibid., "Empcdoclca,"xl.

60. Ibid., Symonda, 131.

81. Diog. L i "Empedocles," Ix

63. CAH , IV, 563

64. Aristotle, Dt Auimn, il, 6; De
Sensa, vl

65. Symonda, 148

68. Empedocles, frig. 82- in Bake*
well, 45

69. In Aristotle, De Coda, ill, %

70. Ueberweg, I, 62

71. Symonda, 143

72. Fraga. 17 and 85 in Bakewell,
44-5

73. CI. Frazer, Spirits of the Corn,
II, 808

74. Fraga. 133-4 In Bakewell, 46
76. Symonda, 187

76. Livingstone, 46

77. Symonda, ISA

78. Diog. L., "Etnpedpcles," x

79. Ibid., "Empedocles," xl

80. Ibid; Symonda, 181

81. Plato, Protagoras, 316
89. Orote Hlttory, VI, 46
88. CAH, V, 24, 377-8

84. Plato, Protagoras, 309-10
86. Utberweg, 1, 71

86. Plato, Protag., 811

87. Ibid., 328

88. Diog. L. "Protagoras," iv

89. PMo.Phaedrus, 287

90. Ueberweg, I, 76; Sarlon, 88

91. Euripides, frag. 189, puotcd by
Rohde, 488*

91 Plato, Theattetus, 160; Bake-
well 67; Lange, 42

93. Diog. L„ l.c; Baktwtll, 67

94. Diog. L., I.e.; Ueberweg, I, 74

95. Bakewell, 67

96. Isocrates, Antldosis,, 166

97. Phllostratua, Lives of tht Sop-
hists, Loeb Library % 494

98. Orote, Vlil, 848

99. Ueberweg, I, 77

100. Philoitratui, 488

101 Plato, Requblie, i, 886f; Oxyr-
bynchua Papyri xl, 1864. In
Vlnogradoff. II, 29; Murray,
Oretk Literature, 161

102. Plato, Sophist, 265

108. Murray, Aristophanes, 142

104. Ibid

105. Murray, Greek Literature, 160

106. Zeiler, 36

107. Plato, Oorgias, 502
10b. Pluo, Cratylus, AH4

109. Xenophon, Memorabilia, I, 6.19

110. Plutarch, Dee. Orat.,.lv in
Backer, 235

111. Ariatotle, Soph. Elenehls, f. 165

112. Orote, Vlll, 826

113. Diog. L, "Plato," xxv

114. Aristotle, Ethics, 1109, 1116,
1144, 1164

115. Livingstone, 79

116. CAH, VI, 80 J

117. plutarch, De JUallg. Herod., ix,
866, in Duprdet E , La Legend*
Soeratiaae, Bruxellea, 1922,
415

118. Mahaffy, Social Life, 806-6

119. Pauaanla', I, 92

120. Diog. L„ "Socratea," Iv

121. CAH, V, 38G

122. Plato, Apo ogyflBRepubttc, 337;
Xenophon, Memor., I, 2.1

124. Plato, Symposium, 220-1

125. Repuplle, 649

128 Aristotle in Diog. L., "Socra-

t«s, x
199 Cf. McClure, M., <n Dewey, J.,

snd Others : Studies in tht

-Y*Y-

uo.
in.

132.
133.
184.
186.
136.
137.
138.

189.
110.
141.
143.
143.

144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
160.
Ml.
152.

158.

154.
155.
166.
167.
158.
169.
160.
161.
162.

163.
164.
166.
166.

History of Ideas, Columbia U.
P.; 1936, II, 31
Plato Symposium, 214
Xenophon, Banquet, ii, 19
Plato, Pkre'dras, 229
Diog. L. f "Socrates," ix
Xenophon, Banquet il, 84
Dlog,- L„ 1 c.
Plato, Charmides, 154-5
Id., Protagoras, 309
Id., Lysis, 206 J Xenophon,
Memor., Hi, 11
Ibid

Ibid., iv, 8
Plato, Phaedo, end
CAH, V, 387-8

Dlog. L. f "Socrates," Hi; Rober-
tson, J. L , I, 160
Plato, Apology, 41
Xenophon, Banquet, i, 6
Diog. L, "Socrates," xvill
Xenophon, Mentor., i, 2.16
In Pater, 179 .
Plato,' Proiag. 338, 361
Xenophon, iv, 4.9
Plato, Theaetetus, 160
Qrote VII, 92; Mahaffy, Greek
Education. 81

Cf., e.g., Charmides, 169, 161 ;
Protag., 811, 350; Lysis passim,
Diog. L., "Clio," I.
Xenophon, II, G.28
Ibid., i, 6
Ibid

Dlpg. L., "Socrates," xiv
Xenophon, iv, 1.1
Dlog. L, "Crito," i.
Plato, Sfmposlum, 215, 218
Sexlus ' Emplricus, Opera,
Leipzig, 1840, Advenas Mathe-
maticos, Ix, 45; Botstord and
Sihlcr, 369; NU.son, 269; Sy-
monds.

Zeller, 205, 208
Athenaeiis, xil, 534
Plato, Meno, 94
Xenophon, Memor., i,' 1.2; J,
S.4; il, 6.8; IV, 7.10; Plato,
Symposium, 220; Phaedo, 118;
Apology, 21

167. Zeller, 82

168. Plato, Apology, 29

169. Id , Cratftus 425

170. Xenophon, Memor., i, II. II

171. Ibid., iv. 8-16

173. iv, 7

174. i, 1. 16
175' Iv, 2 24

176. ill, 8.3; iv, 5 9

178. lii, 9.5

179. i, 2.9

180. Hi, 5.15-17

181. iv, 6.12

182. CAH r VI, 309

188. Xenophon, Apology, end

CHAPTER XVII

. 1. Pausanlas, ix. 22

2. Lyra Qreaca, III, 9; II, 216

3. Pautanlas, ix, 23

4. Pindar, Olympic Ode xiv, 5

5. Olympic Odes i-ii

6. Frag. 76 in Pindar, Odes,- p. 657

7. CAH, IV. 511

8. Symonds, 211

9. Lyra Oreaea, III, 7

10. Pausaoias, ix, 23

11. Olympic i, 61

12. Frag. 131

13. Olympic ii, 56f, tr. C. J. Billson, .
Oxford Book of Qreek Verse In
Translation. 294

14. Pinder, Pythian Ode i, 81
v 15. Pythian iv, 272

16. Pythian viil, 92, tr. O. Murray

17. Paean iv, 32

18. Symonds, 216

19. S.v. Pratinas, Lyra Oraeca, III

20. Aristophanes, II, 83 editor's
note

21. Halgh, 37

22. Ibid., 64

' 23. Mahalty, Social Ltje, 469; Sy-
monds, 380

24. Haigh, 266

25. Lyra Oraeea, HI, 283

26. Aristotle, Rhetoric, Loeb Lib-
rary, Hi, 1.

27. Ward, II. 311.

-Ytr-

88. Lucian, "Of Paitimimr," 27.

SB.

89. Haigh, 825-7.

W. Ibid., 827-38P.

31. Ficklnger, R.C., Greek Theater

and Its Drama, University of

Chicago Press, 1Q18, 132.

32. Haigb, 348.

59.

33. Ibid., 315 ; Norwood, Greek

Drama, 8-3.

60.

34.' Haigh, 344.

61.

3.\ Ibid., 18, 24.

62.

36. Ferguson, 69.

63.

87. Haigfa, 34.

64.

38. Plato, Laws, 669, 700.

65.

89. Herod., vJ, 21.

40. CAH, IV, 172.

41. Heigh, 16.

42. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound,
18f, tr, Elizabeth Barrett
Browinag, in Greek- Dramas,
N.Y, 1912. pp. 6-6.

43. Ibid., II, 459f.

44. Tr. in Mm ray » Greek Ute'alure,
119.

46. Schleged, A. JC., Lectures m
Dramatic Art and Literature,
London, 1846, 93. On the
1849, 91. on the "paradox of
Prometheus Bound," — an an—
titheictic play by the raost
pious of Oreek dramatists, cf.
Journal of Hellenic Studies, LIII,
40f, and LIV, Uf.

46. Mahaffy, Social Life, 150 ; Sy-
monds, 260; Murray, Greek
Literature, 221.

47. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, II. 218f,
tr. O. Murrary, Oresteia, p. 44.

48. Tr. Milman in Mahaffy Social
Life, 162.

49. Agamemnon,Uiif,Oresteta, P1O0.

50. Choephoroc,\02-U, Oresbta t 18B.
61. Athenaeua, i, 39.

58. Schlegel. 96.

53. Agamemnon, II. 66f.

64. Ibid., 160.

55. Eumenldes, en«\

66. Marry, Greek, Literature, 916.

67. Bbtsford and Schlegel, 84.

67.

98.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
76.
76.
77.

78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.

85.
86.

87.
88.

. Athenaeus, i, 87; Schlegel, 97;
Taine. H„ Ltctures on Art.
N. Y., 1901, II, 483 ; Plumptre,
E. H., Introd. to Tragedies of
Sophocles, London, 1867, p.
xxxvl.

Sopboclas, Works, tr. P. Storr,
Loeb Library, I, lnrod, vii.
Syraonds, 278;
Athenaeus, xiii, 81.
Mahaffy, Greek, Literature II, 57.
Murray, Oreek Literature, 234.
Symonds, 290.

Sophocles, Oedipus the King,
96 of.

Oedipus at Colonus, 66Bf tr.
Walter Headlam, Ox/o'd Book
of Oreek Verse in Translation,
878

Oedipus at Colonus, 607 f, tr.
Murray, Creek Literature, 249.
Oed. Col , l648f, tr Munay.
Antigone, Hit, tr. Storr.
Ibid., 786f.
Ibid., 122of.

Murray, Creek Literature, 838.
, Trachinian Women, 1265f.
Phlloctetes 451-2.
Elecira, »73f.
Oedipus the King, P63f.
Oed. Col., 181 if, slightly tran-
sposed, tr. A. E. Housman. in
Oxford Book of Greek', Verse In
Translation, 378.. Cf. to like
efiect Oedipus the King 1187-
96 and lbM-AO.
Athenaeus, xlii, 61
Symonds, 878.

Mahaffy, Greek Literature, II, 97.
Murray, Gk. Lit., 261.
Mrabo, xiv, 1-36.
Disg. I., "Socrates." ii.
Euripides, Htppolytus, 191-7, in
Murray Gk. Lit, 12.
Murray, op. cit., 34.
Euripides, Medea, 41 of, tr. O.
Murray, Oxford, 1918, p. 15.
Herod, il, 180.

Iphigenta In Aulls, 686-54, tr.
A. S. Way, Loeb Library.

Ytl —

89. Iph. in Aalis, tr. Webb in
Mabaffy, Social Life, 202-4.

90. Iph. In Aalis, 1369-84, tr. A. S.
Way.

01. Hecuba, 4B8f, tr. Way.

99. Murray, Gk. Lit. 137.

43. Trojan Women, tr. O. Murray,
Oxford, 1914.

94. Euripides, Electra, tr. Murray,
Oxford, 1907, p. 77.

95. Euripides, lphigenia, in Taurls,
tr. Murray, Oxford, 1930.

96. Aristotle, Poetics, xiii, 4.

97. Verrall, A. "W., Euripides the
Rationalist, Cambridge Univ.
Press, 1913, 178 and passim.

98. Elizbeth ' Barrett Browning
referred to "Euripides tbe
human, with his droppings ot

warm tears."
*9. Iph. Aulis, 957.

100. Helen 744 f, tr. Way.

101. Ion, 374-8; Iph. in T.\ 570-5;
Eltetra, 41)0 ; Bacehae, 255-7 J
Hlppolytns, 1059 ; Robereon,

I, 162.

102. Euripides, Electra, tr. .Murray,
p, 8T; Eeracles, ,1341 ; Iph. in
T., 386.

103. Bellerophontes, 298, tr. Symond,
868; cf. Helen, 1137.

104. Iph. in T„ tr. Murray, p. 82.

105. Helen, 1688.

106. Verrall, 79.

I07i Trojan Women, 884.

108. Hecuba, 282.

109. Trojan Women, prologue.
109a. Cresphontes, frag.

110. Blppolytas and the Stheneboea
and Chrysippus.

111. Andromeda, 136, t., Symonds,
361.

US. Norwood, 311.

lfa. Euripides, Medea, tr., Murray,

p. 67.
114. Frag. 167 in Rohde, 438.
116. Electra, tr., Murray, p. 78.

116. Rohde, 437.

117. An uncertain frag. tr. Symonds,
867.

118. A frag, In Symonds, 366.

119. Aristophanes, Frogs, 552; At-
henseut, i, 41.

120. Symonds, 426.

121. Mahaffy, Gk. Let., II, 98.
12S. Pater, 122-

123. Plutarch, "Nictts."

124. Greek Anthology. Ix, 4110.

125. Quoted by Murray, Euripides
and His Age, N.Y., 1913, 10.

196. Murray, Gk. Lit., 277.

127. Aristophanes, I, 117.

128. Haigh, 260.

129. Murray, Aristophanes, 102.

130. Zeller, 203.

181. Aristophanes, I, 91.
133. Ibid., 3H, 319 •
133. E.g.Thesmophoriazusae II, 286;

Knights, 1,11; Eeclestozusae,

II, 378.

184. Knights, I, 31.

185. Peace, I, 191.. In The Birds he
calls Heracles a.bistard (1,173) ;
and in Frogs he makes Dion-
ysus a coward, an onanist, a
lecher, and * clown.'

136. Philiostratus, 483.

137. Luclan, "Herodotus and Acti-
on," 1 ; Bury, J. B., Ancient
Greek Historians, N. Y., 1909,
96 ; Mahaffy, Ok. Lit., II, 18';
Murray, Gk. Lit., 134.

138. Herod., I, 1.

139. Gibbon, Ed., Decline and Fall
of the Roman Empire, Every-
man Library, I, 77, ch. iii.

140. Strabo, xvil, 1.59,

141. Herod., ill, 101.

142. Ibid., i, 68.

143. iii, 88 ; ii, 3.

144. E.g., vil, 189, 191.
146. vii, 162.

146. Lucian, I.e.

147. Thuc, i, 1. 21-23.

148. Mahaffy, Social Life, 208.

149. Thuc, ii, 45.

150. Ibid., vili, 24;.Ii, 17.

151. Ok. Lit., l.

CHAPTER XVIII
1. DIog. L., "Empedodes," vli.

- Yt«-

2. Atfaenaeus, xii, 84

3. Aristophanes, Acharnians, 1,111

4. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 314
B. Orote, V, 390

6. Thuc., iii, 87

7. Ibid , I, 3-75

8. Plutarch, "Pericles."

9. Thuc, if, 6.8

10. Ibid , i, 2.68-66; i, 6.139-46

11. Jones, W. H. S., Malaria and
Greek fiistoy, 132

18. Plutarch, "Tiberius Oraccb.ni."

13. Arlstode, Constitution, 28

14. Thuc, Hi, 9.4950

15. Ibid., v, 15.22-3

16. v, 17.841

17. Plutarch, "Alciblades."

18. Ibid.

19. Xenophon, Me/nor , I, 1.49

20. Athenaeus, i, 6

21. Benson, Alcibiades, 162
82. Plutarcb, I.e.

23. Thuc, 18.18

24. Ibid., 20.89

25. vili, 23.18

26. vlli, 36.97; Aristotle, Constitu-
tion, 33

27. Xenophon, Hellenica, Loeb
Library, I, 4.13

28. Aristotle, Constitution, 34

29. Plutarch, "Lysander."

30. Isocrates, Areopagiticus, 66

31. Aristotle, op. cit, 40
82. Murray, Ok. Lit., 176

33. Xenophon, Memor., i, 2.82

34. Orote; IV, 68
36. Uebcrweg, I, 81

36. In Reinach, 96

37. Plato, Apology, 38

38. Ibid., 27

39. 18

40. 29
41.30

42.- Dfog. L., "Socates," xxi
46. Plato, Crtto

46. Xenophon, Memor., Iv, 8.1

47. Plato, Phaedo, 59-60

48. Ibid., 89

49. Xenophon, Apolagg, 28

50. Diodorus, xiv, 37

51. In Zeller, SOI

52. Plutarcb, De Invid, 6, in Zeller
68. Diog. L., "Socrates," xxli

64. Orote, IV, 88

55. Tertullian, Apology, 14, and

Anguttine, City of God, viii, 3,

3, in Zeller, 801

CHAPTER XIX

1. Aristotle, Physics, Loeb Library,
1269-70; Plutarch. "Lisanber."
"Lycurgut."

2. Olotz, Greek city, 800

3. Aristotle, Physics, 1270

4. Xenophon, Anabasis, iv, 7-22
6. Plutarch, MoraUa, I80f.

6. Plntarch, "ARecilaus."

7. Plutarch MoraUa, 39

8. Ibid., 192 C.

9. Aristotle, Physics, 1270

10. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 199

11. Xenophon, "On the Revenues,"
in Minor Works.

12. Calhoun, 46-8, 98-4, 101

13. Olotz, Anc. G., 304 ; CAH, VI,
79

14. Calhoun, 109

16. Ibid. 116; Olotz, 306

16. Olotz. Greek City, 311; Anc.
O., 201

17. Olotz, Ok. City, 312-3

18. Plato, Republic, 312-3

19. Aristotle Politics, 1310

20. Isocrates, Arehidamus, 67. Isoc-
rates was writing -oi the Pelo-
ponneslan Oreeks, but probably-
had his fellow Atheniana in
mind

21. P5hlmann, I, 147

22. Plato, Laws, v. 7S6

23. Vinogradoff, II, 118; Glotz, Gk
City, 318

24. Vinogradolf, I, S06

25. Isocrates, Antdasis, 159

26. Olbtz, Gk City, 323; Rostovtzeff,
M., Social and Economic History
of the Roman Empire, Oxford,
1926, 2; id., htstom oj the
Ancient World, Oxford, 1928, II
362 j Coulargcs, 493

Yil-

27. Mahaffy, Social Life, 267, 273
98. Qlotz, Gk. City, 296
-39, Ibid.

30. Athenaeus, xiilj, 38t; Lacroix, I,
168

31. Athenaeus, >.i, 43

32. Aristotle, History Animalium,
. 583sr

83. Qomme, 18, 36, |47; Atheineus,
vi, 272; Muller-Ljer, Family,
203; Oote, V, 838
34. Xenophon, Hellenica, vi, 1.5
36. Isocrates, On Ike Peace, 50
36. Aristotle, Problems, in Vinogra-

doff, II, 67
87. Demosthenes in Oloz, Gk

City, 816
38. Aristotle, Constitution, 41
89. Aristophjncs, Clauds, 991; Plaip

TheaeUtus,\\Tl.
40. Isocrates, op/cit, 69
4K Qrote, XI. 198
43. DTpporua,.x, 4
4ft; Aristotle (?) Economies, ii , 2.20
44 Lyra O., III. 866
46 Diog. L., "Plato," xiv; Plntarcb,
"Dion"; Diddorus.ixv. 7; Qrote t
XI, 84-5. Taylor,, A. E., Plvto,
N. Y., 1936, 5, questions- the
story

46. Plato, Epistles, Loeb Library, vii

47. Athenaeus, x, 47

48. Plutarch, I.e. 1

49. Plato, I.e.

50. Plutarch, I.e.

51. Athenaeus, xii, 58

52. In Weigall Alexander the Great,
N. Y„ 1933, 19

53. Adams, Brooks, New Empire,
N. Y„ 1903, 86

54. Athenaeus, xfii, 63

65. Mahaffy Social Life, 425-7
56. Olotz, Gk, City, 339

67. Philostratus, 507

68. Plutarch, "Phocion.' 1

69. Philostratus, 61

€0. Plutarch, "Alexander."

CHAPTER XX
1. piutarch , " Dcmostl e iei " :

Moralia, 6
2. Mahaffy, Ok. Lit., IV, 137
8. Demosthenes, On the Crown,

Loeb Ljbrary, 126, 268-9, 266

4. Murray,' Gk Lit., 36?

5. Isocrates, Antidosis, 48

6. Orote, O., Aristotle, London,
1872, I, 3i; Murray, 344

7. Isocrates, Panegyrieus, 49

8. Ibid., 167
9 l>id., 160

10. Isocrates, On the Peace, 94

11. Ibid., 13

12. /socrates, Areopagiticas, 15, 70

13. On the Peace, 109

14. Areopag., 20

-15. Pausanias, i, 18; so Lucia* land
Philostratus; of. Mutiny. 340

16. Milton's phrase. <.»• i-»u«^

17. Diog, L , "Xenophon," i-ii

18. Aristophanes, Cluods t V&-

19. Plutarch,- Moralia, 212B.

20. XcBophan*-Economicus, x A 1-10

21. ibid., xlx, 1

SI. Quoted by ^taeUiwH, W0
23.- Pausanias, vlU; 4Er
24. Plutarch, "Alexander."
26. Cotterill, I, 108n.

26. Pliny, xxxv, 36, 40 Winded-
mann, I, 219

27. Pliny, xxxv, 32

28. Ibid., xxxv, 36

29. Ibid.

30. Aelian, Varia Historia, ii, 3, in
Weigall, Alexander, 186

31. Pliny, J c

32. Vltruvius, ii, 8.14

35. Paueanlas, i, 20

36. Oardner, Greek Sculpture, 397

37. Pausanias, v, 17

38. Ibid., viil, 9

39. They are listed in Murray, A.
S„ II, 258-4. Pliny, alone men-
tions 28

40. Pausanias, vi. 25

41. Pliny, xxxvi, 41

42. Ibid., xxxiv, 19

43. Ibid.

- YiV —

CHAPTER XXI

J. Sarton 1S7
2. Plutarch, "Marcellus."
3. "Aristotle, Metaphylcs, i, 9
4. Plato, Bippias Major, 303
6. Sarton, 113
6. Aristotle, Polities, 1340
*7. Sedgwick, 76

8. Heath, Greek Math, I, 209, 233,
252

8a. Ibid., 354

9. Dion. L., "Eudoxns," i-iii,'
Strabo, II, 6.14 Heath, I, 330;
id., Aristarehns, 199 J Orote,
Plata, I, 124n; Ball, W. R.,
short History of Mathematics,
London. 1888, 41

10. Heath, I. 323

11. Heath, Aristarehus, 208

12. Sarton, 118

13. Ibid., 141

14. Heath, Aristarehus, 276

15. Heath, I, 16

16. Arrian, Jndlca, London, 1893,
chaps.' xxxliii

17. Sarton, 120-1

18. Carroll, 326'

19. In Zeller, 266

20. Zeller, 277

21. Athenaeus, xiif, 66

22. Vitruviue, il, 6. 1

23. Athenaeus^ xii, 68

24. Zeller, 357, 361

25. Ibid., 862b

26. Diogt L., "Ariitippus," iv

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid.

29. Ibid.

30. Ibid.

31. Zeller, 367
.32. Carroll, 313

33. Ibid.

34. Plato, Phaedo, 64

35. Xenophon, Banquet, Jii, 8
36 Diog. L., "Antistnenes," iv
37. Murray, Five Stages, 116
3B. Diog. L., "Diogenes," iii

39. Ibid., Hi, vi; Zeller, 326n

40. Diog. L., "Diogenes," vi.

( r 4lf t r & i :jUi.lUi-.\«\)

41. Ibid.
4-2. Ibid , x.

43. Ibid., vi.

44. Ibid.

45. Weigall Alexander, 103

46. Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander,
vii, 2; Diog. L., "Diogeaea,"
vi.

47. Ibid., xi.
48-. Zeller, 208

49. Diog. L., "Antiathens," iv.

50. Ibid , "Dlohenes," vi.
5t. Plutarch, Moraila, 21 F.
62. Diog. L., I.e.

53. Zeller, 319

54. Ibid., 396

55. Diog. L., "Diog.," xi.

66. Murray, Five Stages, 118

67. POhlmann, 86-91

58. Zeller, 317

59. Plato, Republic, 372

60. Diog. L., "Plato," I.

61. Ibid., v,x.

62. viil-Ix; Cicero, De Finibus, v, St
62a. Plutarch. De Exilio, 10, hi

Capes, W. W., Universitu Life
in Ancient Athens, N. Y., 1922,
32.

63. Suidas, Lexicon, s.v. Plato, in
Mahaffy, Greek Education, 139

64. Diog. L., "Plato," xi.

65. Mahaffy, op. cit.. 128; Orote,
Plato, I, 125

66. Heath, I, 11

67. Plato, Republic, 539

68. Heath, Aristarehus, 141

69. Plutarch, M of alia. 79

70. Plato, Epistles, vii, 631

71. Taylor, 503

72. Cf. Epistles, vii, 541

73. Athenaeus, xl, 112

74. Diog. L., "Ciraon," i-ili, "Plato,"
xxxii.

75. Athenaeur, xi, 113

76. Taylor, 20 ■

77. Plato, Protag , 884

78. Symposium, 1 75

79. Euthypho, 292

80. Charmidet, 1C9

YiA-

81. Cratylus

82. Phaedo, 106

83. Theaetetus, 161

84. Ibid , 158; Epistles, vii, 344

85. Aristotle Mela, i 5-6; Hi, 2;
xiii, 4; Cratylus, 440

86. Aristotle, Meta., i, 9.16, etc.

87. Plato Phaedo, 65

88. Ibid., 74-5, Theaetetus, 186-7

89. Carrel. Alexis, Man the Unk-
nown, N. Y. 1935, 236

90. Spinoka, De Emendotione Inte-
llects, Everyman Library, p.
269

91. Phredrus, 246

92. Philebus, 22

93. Rep., 606

94. Laws, 966j Phaedo, 96

95. Sophist, 247

96. Phaedrus, 246; Philebus, 30

97. iWwio, 81-2

98. Qorgias, 623

99. PAflflfo, 69, 80-5, 110, IU; Rep.,
615f; Tinaeus, 43-4

100. Phaedo, 91, 11

101. /?«/>., 365

102. 5//H/7., 209

103. Qorgias. 482

104. Ibid., 495; Rep., 6 19; Philebus,
66 '

105. /?«/;., 441, 587

106. Phllebas, 94-6

107. Ibid., 57-8

108. Otto, 49

109. Ibid., Laws, 951; Phaedo, 82

110. Aristotle, /W/rc, i, 4

111. Rep 424.

112. Quoted by Symonds, 411

113. Philebus, blj Rep., 629

114. Siwi/>., 206

115. Laws, 636

116. Sjw»/>., 201; Phaedrus, 241f

117. ftp, 500

118. Epistles, vil, 337

119. Rep., 656 ,

120. Ibid., 667

121. 562

122. 565

123. 667

124. 496

126. Phaedrus, 239

126. Rep., 469

127. 478

128. Statesman, 297; Epistles, vii
337

129. Laws, 710
ISO. Ibid., 704

131. 968

132. 761

134. 744, 922-3
136. 785

136. 721, 774

137. 672

138. 885, 908-9

139. Phaedo, 66

140. Pater, 126

141. Laws. 7

142. Dioh. L., "Plato," xxv.

143. Calhoun, 125-7

144. Locy, W.A., Growth of Biology
N. Y., 1925, 27

146. Athenaeus, xiii, 56

146. Orote, Aristotle, 1, 8

147. Diog. L , "Aristotle,"' iv.

148. Orote, Aristotle, I, 43

149. Murray, Greek Epic, 99; CAH
VI, 333

150. Aristotle. Mela ill, 6.7-3

161. Ibid., iv, 3.8

152. Aristotle, On Generation, i, 2

163. Physics, v, 3; vii, 1

164. Aristotle, Mechanics, ill, 848-60
155. On the Havens, ii, 14

146. Meteorology, i, 14
157. Meta., xii, 8.21

168. Pliny, viii, 16

169. Aristotle, Parts of Animals,
i, 6

160. History of Animals v, 21-2;

ix, 39-40
?161. Ibid., vl, 22

162. Aristotle (?), Economics, i, 3; a
typically Aristotleian sentence
In a work long attributed to
Aristotle, but probably from
a later hand

168. History of Animals, viii, 2
164. Reproduction of Animals, i, 16

YM-

165. Ibid,, I, 81

166. iv, 1

167. Mist. An., vi, S-8

168. Reprod. An, ii, 1

169. Ibid., II, 3

170. II, 12

171. Hist. An., vi, 2-3

172. Ibid.
173. 1, 1

174. viii, I

175. Ueberweg, 1, 167

176. Sedgwick, 14 •

177. Lewes, O. H., Aristotle : a
Chapter in the History of
Science, London, 1864, 284,
361; Longe, 81

178. Lowes, 159

179. Aristotle, Hist, An., 11, 3

180. Parts of Animals, II, 7

181. Sarton, 128

182. Aristotle, Polities, 1256; Lewes,

183. Aristotle; On the Soul, IL 1

184. Ibid., II, 4
165. Hi, 8
186. ill, 7

167. Reprod An , II, 3

188. Mela., v|Jl, 4.4

189. Poetics, 11 8

190. Meta., Ix, 7

191. Politics, 1, 8

192. Ibid., *|, 2

198. Politics, 1137b.

194. Ethics, 1097b, 1176b.

195. Rhetoric, f, 6.4, where, In a
long Hit of things necessary
for happiness, virtue coraoi In
a poor last

196. Ethics, 1099a.

197. Ibid., 1153b.

198. Rhetoric, II, 18.2

199. Ethics, 1178a.

200. Ibid., 1125b.

201. 1098a.

202. 1178b.

203. Polittces, 1967s.
804.' Ibid., 1275b.
SOS. 1258a,

206. 1996b.

207. Ethics, U60ab.

208. Rhetoric, II, 15.8.
909. Politics, 1268b.

210. Ibid., 1281a.

211. 1818b.

212. 1286a.

213. 1278a.

214. 1280a.

215. 1266b.

216. 1264b.

217. 1320a.
SlB. Ibid.
219. 1295a.
820. 1264

221. 1261b.

222. 1296b.

223. 1996a.
894. 1330a.

226. Rhetorics, i. 1.7

227. Politics, 1387a.

228. Ibid., 1205b.

280. In Ueberweg, I, 177
231. 1'ater, 141

CHAPTER XXII

1. Plutarch, Maralia, 178P

2. Mahafly, Greek Life
tliotlght, IB

3. Plutarch, "Alexander."

4. Wcgall, Alexander, 2JJ5
6. Ibid.

O.'Plularch, Moralta, 127B.

8. Id., Moralta, IH0A.

9. Id., "Alexander."

10. Ibid,' Arrlan, I, 17

11. Welgall, 50

12. Plutarch, Moralta, 1701!
18. Id., "Alexander."

14. Arrlan, vl., 28

15. Ibid., Ill, 6

16. Orote, History, XI, US

17. Welgall, 83

18. Arrlan, I, 6

19. Welgall, 97

20. Plutarch, "Alexander."
31. Ibid.

23. Arrlan, vil, 9
S3. Plutarch, I ,c.

24. Vltru viiia, II, 2

26. Plutarch, Moralta, 180

and

_Y«»-

26. CAH, VI, 384

27. Arrian iv, 7

28. Ibid., vi, 86

29. vii, 4

80. Plutarcb, "Alexander."

31. Grote, XII, 8Q

32. Athenaeus, xii, 35

33. Plutarch, Moralia, 180D.
84. Weigall, 146

35. Plutarch. "Alexander."; Arrian,

36. Lucian, Dialogues of the Dead,

37. Cf. Arrian, iv, 9-11

38. Ibid., vii, 11

39. vii, 9-10

40. ii, IS

41.Plutarcb, "Alexander"; Airian,
42. Plutarch, I.e.
43: Grote, Aristotle, I, S3
44.' DIog. L., "Aristotle," vii
45. Thrasybulus in Grote, History,
VIII, 263

CHAPTER XXIII

1. Mahaifay, Greek- Life and
Thought, pp. xxx, 112

2. Ibid., 56; Plutarch, "Demetrius

3. Ibid.

4. Pauasnlas, x. 19

5. Ibid., 32

6. Livy, T. L., History of Rome,
xxxviii, 16; CAH, VII. 103-7

7„ Polybius, iV. 77; Pausanlas, ii.
9, vii, 7; Plutarch, "Aratus."

8. Athenaeus, vl, 103

9. Heitland, W. E., Agricola, Cam-
bridge University Press, 1921

10. Plato, Critias, 111

11. Rostovtzeff, M. Historr of the
Ancient World, Oxford, 1930,
I, 320

12. Cf. Tarn, W. W., Hellenistic
Civilization, London, 1927, 90

13. Vinogradoff, II, 108-9

14. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 866

15. Ibid 364

16. Ibid. *

17. Ibid., 331-3; Tarn, 95

18. Tarn, 102; Heitland, 63 ; Qlotz,
369

19. CAH, VII, 740

20. Ibid.

20a. Ibid., 265, 741; Tran, 104

21. Ibid., 3l

22. Olotz, 333.

23. Polybius, vi, 9; vii, 10; xv, 21
Olotz, Greek City, 323

23a. Diodorus Sic, V, 41-6

24. Beatwich, Norman, Hellenism,
Phlla, 1919, 62

25. Athenaeus, xii, IS

26. Tarn, 82

27. Theocritus, Idvl ii.

28. Lacroix, I, 138-9

29. Athenaeus, in Becker, 344

30. Gloiz, Ancient Greece, 298 Tarn;
86

SI. Ibid., 88

32. Polybius, xxxvi, 17

38. Plutarch, "Agls."

34. Qlotz, Ancient Greece, 846

35. Plutarch, I.e.

36. CAH VII, 755

37. Polybius, ii, 62; v, 38; Paun-
nias, ii, 9

88. Coulanges, 467

39. Pansaniss, vii, 50

40. Strabo, xix, 2.5

41. Ibid.

42. Polybius, v, 88

CHAPTER XXIV

1. Meeting of the Oriental Institute,
Chicago, Mar. 29, 1932

2. Plutarch. Moralia, 183 F.

3. Polybius, xy, 8

4. Ibid., xxx, 26

5. Ibid., xxxix, 27; xxxi, 9; Bevan,
E. R, Bouse of Seleucus Lon«
don, 1902, II, 131, 158

6. Rostovtzeff Social and Economic
History of the Roman Empire,
3; Tarn, 79

7. Toulaln, 103-3

8. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 358

9. Rostovtzeff Roman Empire 3j
id., Ancient World, I. 368-70;
Qlotz, 321

10. Qlotz, Greek City, 388

11. Tarn, 25.4

-Yo\-

13. Jotephns, Against Apian, I, 60 J
Bevan, 35; Tarn, 809

14. CAH, VII, 193

15. Sachar, A.L., History of the Jews,
N.Y., 1932, 102. Cf. Zeitlin, S.,
History of the Second Jewish
Commonwealth, Phila., 1988, 18f,
or CAH, VIII, 501f, for an
economic interpretation of these
intrgues

16. Qraetz, H., History of the Jews,
Pbila., 1891f, 1, 446-6; Zeitlin, J8

17. Bevan, I, 171; Mahaffy, J.P.,
Empire of the Ptolemies, London
1895, 341

IB. CAH, VIII, 6Q7-8

19. 1 Mace., i; Josephus, Works,

Boston, 1811, I, 438; Antiquities

of the Jews, xii, 6

20. Bevan, II, 154

21. 1 Mace, v-vi; Bevan, 174

21. I Mace, ii

23. Ibid., vi

24. Ibid., 11
8ft. Ibid., ii-v

26. Sachar, 104

27. Bevan II, 183, 223

CHAPTER XXV

1. Breccia E-, Alexandria at
Aegyptum, Bergamo, 1982, 96;
Strabo, xvli, 1.8

2. Mahaffy, Empire, 104; Greek
Life, S04

3. Athenaeus, xiii, 37

4. Mahaffy, Empire, 162
6. Draper, I, 19o

6. Tarn. 148; CAH, VII, 197

7. Ibid., 27; Rostovtzeff, Roman
Empire, 259

8. Tran, 149-51, 155; Olotz, Ancient
Greece, 345

Q. Ibid., 343

10. Usher, 80, 85

11. Strabo, xvii, 1.95

12. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 863

13. Tarn, 152; Usher, 76

14. Olotz, i.e.

15. Rostovtzeff, Roman tmpire, 4S2

16. Usher, 79, 119

17. Pliny, xxxv, 42

18. Rostovtzeff, Ancient World, I,
373; Tarn, 102} Olotz, 350

19. Tarn, 155.

20. Botsford and Sihler, 597
21.' Athenaeus, v, 36

28. Pliny, xxxyi, 18

23. Breccia, 107

24. Tarn, 198

25. Calhoun. 130

26. CAH, VIII, 662

27. Mahaffy, Greek Life, 182

28. Mahaffy, What Bare the Greeks?,
195-7

29. Tarn, 163; CAH, VII, 28

80. Ibid., 139-40; Tarn, 153; Mahaffy
Empire, 182, 213; Breccia, 42

81. Breccia, 69

82. Strabo, xvii, 1.8-10; Tarn, 146
38. Olotz, 336

84. Athenaeus, Hi. 47

35. Herodas, Mimianbi, i

86, Lacroix, I, 124

37. Carroll, 326

3.8. Oraetz, I, 418; Mahaffy, Empire

86
89. Josephus, Antiquities, xii, 1-2

40. Zeitlin, 6-8; Bevan, I, 165

41. Bentwwich, 86

42. Renan, E., Bistory of the Peop
of Israel, N.Y., 1888, IV, 194;
V, 189

42a Oraetz, I, 504

48. Bevan and Singer, Legacy of

Israel, Oxford, 1927, 32
44. Josephus, Antiquities, xii, 2 ;

Sarton, 161
46. Sachar, 109

46. Enc Brit., XX, 886; Tarn, 177

47. Olotz, Ancient Greece, 356;
Tarn, 204

48. Tarn, 168

49. Mahaffy, Greek Life, 208

50. Rostovtzeff, Roman Empire, 264

51. Olotz, Greek City, 323

52. Polybius, vii, 8

63. Ibid.

64. Randall-Maclver, 138-9
66, Athenaensj v, 40

r«t-

56. Livy, axiv, 4

CHAPTER XXVI

1. Polybiui, ix, 2

9. Thompson, 71

3. Strabo, xill, 1.64

4. Orate, Arts otle, 50

6. Breccia, 47
ft. Ibid., 48

7. Mahaffy, Empire, 208

8. Oxyrhyncfans. Papyri • X, 1241,
p. 99,' Breccia, 44

0. Tarn, 238; Symonds, 21

10. Tarn, 2S7 Mafaaffy, 511

11. Waxman, M , History .of Jewish
Literature, N.Y., 1930, I, 48

12. Ibid., 49

13. Ibid., SI

14. Renan, IV, 258
IB. Lacroix, I, 166-7

16. Wright, 22

17. CAH, VII, 227.

18. Menander, Arbltranss, 679-85

19. Bacchis in the Pkormio

20. St. Paul, I Cor., xv, 33
SI. Tarn, 919

S3. Frag. 40 In Murray, Aristophanes,
983

23. Translation by Symonds. 464

24. Ibid., 6S6 ,

96. Murray, Greek .Literature, 881;
Mahaffy, Greek Literature I,
166; Id., Progress of Hellenism
in Alexander's Empire, Chicago,
1905; US

26. Theocritus, xv, tr. Lindsay, in
Oxford Both of Greek Verse,
564

97. Theocritus, I, 193-42; tr. Sir
Win. Marrit, Oxford Book, 643

28.- Tarn, 52

20. Frag. 64 in McCrlndle, J. W.,
Ancient India, Calcutta, 1877, 120.

30. Bury, Greek Historians, 188 .

31. Poly bins, xli, 85, 27, etc

32. Ibid., xxxiv, 6; xxxviii, 6

33. xxx, 32
84. iil, 2
36. vi, 9

J6. vf, 3

37. Hi, 48, 59; ShotweM, 199

38. xvi, 90

39. xil, 98

40. v,76

41. xxi, 32

42. xvi, 12

43. vi, 43

44. Hi, 31
46. i, 1

46. i, 86; I, 1
47. 1,. 4

48. ix, 1; H, 66

49. Dionyslus of Halicaigassus in
CAH, VIII, 10

CHAPTER XXVII

1. Atheiaeus, xlv, 33

2. Mahaffy, Social Life, 467-8;
476-6

3. Vltrnvins, Ix, 9; x, 18; Atfaenaeas
iv, 76; Oxford History of Music,
Introd. Vol., 96

4. Mafaaffy, 455; id., Greek Life,
389

5. Athanaeus, xiv, 31

6. Strabo, xiv, 1.87

7. In Gardner, Ancient Athens, 486

8. Pliny, xxxv, 40

9. Plyntarch, "Aratus,"

10. Strabo, xlv, 2.5 .

11. Pliny, xxxv, 36

12. Ibid., xxxv, 36

15. Lessing, O.E., Laocopn, London,
1874, 15

14. Pliny, xxxiv, IB

16, Greek Anthology, vi, 171

16. Pliny, I.e.

17. Bostock's note, Ibid

18. Wlnckelmann, I, 229

19. Virgil, Aenetd, ii, 49

20. Pliny, xxxvi, 4

21. Winckelmann, II, 826

22. CAH. VIII, 676

28. In Oardner, E. A., Six Greek
Sculptors, London, 1910, 6

CHAPTER XXVIII

1. Stobaeus. In Heath, Greek
Mathematics, I. 357

-Y«r-

9.
3.

4.
5.

6.
7.
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
91.
22.
28.

24.
25.

27.

28.
29.
30.
31.

39.
33.
34.

36.
36.
87.

38.

.89.
40.
41.
42.
43.

Plutarch, ■Mtrcellus."
Ball, W.W.R., Short History -o/
Mathematics, London, 1888, 61
Ibid., 66-7
Plutarch

Cicero, Tuse. Disp., i, 26
Cicero, Rep., i, 14
Singer, C , Studies in the Bator*
of Science, Oxford, 1991, II, 502
Heatb, II, 18
Plntarch
Ibid

Polybias, vili, 5; Livy, xxiv, 34
Heatb, I.e.
Plutarch
Polyblus, I.e.
Plutarch
Livy, xxv, 31
Heath, II, 20
Sarton, 184; Usher, 44
Ibid., 80

Ibid., 41; Sarton, 184, 195
Vltnivlus, I, T.16
Heath, Aristarchus of Santos,
310, 383
Ibid., 302

.Heath, Greek Math., II, 2
Williams, H.S., History of Science,
N.Y., 1909, I, 233
Heath, Aristarchus, 296-7; CAH,
VII, 3U

Enc. $rlt., XI, 683
Tarn, 280'

Heath, Aristarchus, 339-40
Sarton, 144; Glotz, Ancient
Greece, 875,
Strabo, i, 8.8
Ibid., i, 4.7-4
Ibid., i, 46
Wright, 14
Qarriaon, .102

Tbeophraatua, Bistort of Plants,
ii, 1.1, in Livingtone, Legacy, 178
I.ocy, 37
Orate, II, 17
Sarton, 143
Ibid, 126
In Wright, 14

Cclans, De Artibus, I, 4 in
Bottford and Sihler, 631

44. Bottford and Sihler, 631
46, Sarton, 159; Qarriaon, 153

46. Sextua, Empiricus, Adv. Math.,
xi, 50, in Livingstone, 201

47. Garrison, 103

48. Sarton, 159-60

CHAPTER XXIX

1. Carroll, 316

2. Athenaens, xiii, 90

3. Diog. L., "Theophraatus," iv-xi

4. Theophraatus, Characters, Loeb
Library, 1929, iii, xiv, etc

5. Diog., "Xenophanea," iii

6. Ibid., iii-v, x.

7. Aristotle, Anal. Post., ii, 1
9. Ibid., iii

10. Zeller, E., Stoics Epicureans
and Sceptics, London, 1870, 99

11. Ibid., 603

12. Wright, 128

13. Ueberweg, I, 136

14. Poljbius, xii, 26

15. Diog., "Aristippus," xii-vix

16. Lacroix, I, 160-1

17. Biog. , "Epicurus,"- v.

18. Ibid., vi-viii'

19. Lucretius, v, 196;' ii, 1090;
Lucian "Zeua Tragoedui," in
Works, III, 97

20. Lucretius, ii, 992; Plutarch,
Moralia, 964 C.

21. Cleero, Nat. Dear., i. 20
82, Diog., "Epicurus," xxiv

23. Ibid., xxvli; Murray Greek Reli-
gion, 168

24. Diog., xxv

25. Atheuaeua, xil, 67

26. Diog., xxxl

27. Ibid., xxvil

28. Ibid.

29. Ibid., xxxl, SI

30. Ibid., xxvi
81. xxvii

32. Zeller, 464

33. Diog., xxxi, 28

84. Cf. Fraga. 166, 186, 194 and

213 In Murray, 180
35. Murray, 138
86. Frag. 188 In Murray, 141

-toi-

37. Dlog., X.
SB. Athenaeus, vll, 11
39. Becker, 825

tO. Jewish Eac, art. "ApikoW;
Bentwicli, 77

41. Zeller, 388

42. CJcero, De Fin., I, 7.25

43. In Murray, Qrttk Llteratur, 372

44. Dior., "Zeno," 1-11

45. Ibid., x\, v.

46. Ibid., v.

47. n/id.,"CralM,"M v, "Hlpparchla",
Mi; Zeller, Socrates, fiN n.

48. Diog., "Zeno/ xxvlil-xxix

49. Ibid., xiv

50. Zeller, Sfoift, 37n
61. Diog(, "?eao," ix

Ej2i Ibid., Kjilvil, Lucian, Lactaniiiu,
aJndStdbdeua tell the tame storv;
8,1. Zeller, 40

s'3. Zeller, 69 '

54. Ibid., 121

55. Cicero, Nat. Deor., Ii, 1
- r »6, Dioff., "Zeno," IxvllHxxvii

,57. Tr l>v Patcri 50
68. pitainfcii, fie-StohRepug., xxi,

«. In- Zeller, 178; but Plutarch
fas intensely prejudiced againit
tlic Stoica

59. Oyford Book oj Qrtek Verse,Ub

60. Zeller, 288

61. Dion-, "Zeno," xix

62- Ibid., Ixlv
63. Zeller, 316
84. Dtog., [xvi
66. Zeller, 3o3

66. Cicero, Ttue. Disp. % i, 84.83-

67. Zeller, 327

68. Ibid., 207

CHAPTER XXX

1. Polybius, i,-l.

2. Plntarcb, "Pyrrhm."
8. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. /Mommsen, T., History of Home,
London, 1901, lj, 6

6. Plntarcb, I.e.

7. Livy, xxv, 40, 31

8. Polybini, i|, 8

9. Ibid., vl 1Q3
01- Ii(yy^iii,l33

11. PbNBIna, rfyi, W, Livy, xxxi, 18

12. Poiyjiitis, yvffi, 45
li LiyyUVxiv, 62

14. Tarn, 29

15. Strabo, vtll, 6.23

16. Polybius, .xxxlx, 2; Strabo, I.e.

EPILOGUE

1. Symonds, 579

2. Rede Lecture for 1875, in
Symonds, 678

8. Ene. Brit., II, 844