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Report of U. S. National Museum, 1920.

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ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

SHOWING THE OPERATIONS, EXPENDITURES

AND CONDITION OF THE INSTITUTION FOR

THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30

1920

REPORT OF THE
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1920

X/9

United States National Museum,
Under Direction of the Smithsonian Institution,

Washington, D. 67., August 27, 1920.
Sir : I have the honor to submit herewith a report upon the present
condition of the United States Xationai Museum and upon the work
accomplished in its various departments during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1920.

Very respect fullj'-, ^

William deC. Eavenel,
Administrative Assistant to the Secretary,
In charge of the United States National Museum.
Dr. Charles D. Walcott,

Secretary J Smithsonian Institution,

3

CONTENTS.

rago.

staff of Museum 7

Inception and history 9

Opei-ations of the j-ear 15

Finances lo

Loeb bequest 16

Ruiklings and equipment . 17

Collections 21

War collections 22

Other collections ^ 27

National Gallery of Art (W. H. Holmes, Curator) 33

Freer collections 38

Visitors 40

Publications ' 41

Library 42

Meetings and congresses 42

Special exhibitions oO

Organization and staff 51

Innnediate needs of Museum 1 50

Detailed reports on the collections:

Department of Anthropology, by W. H. Holmes, Head Curator 57

Department of Biology, by Leonhard Stejiieger, Head Curator 69

Department of Geology, by G. P. ^Merrill, Head Curator 101

Department of Arts and Industries, AV. deC. Ravenel, Director:

Textiles, Medicine, Woods, and Foods, by F. L. Lewton 117

^Mineral Technology, by Chester G. Gilbert 133

Mechanical Technology, by Carl L. Mitman 137

List of accessions 143

List of publications 197

ILLUSTRATIONS.

South front of Natural History Building of the Museum Facing title

Mounted skeleton of Biontothcrium hatcheri Osborn Facing page 109

Mounted skeleton of Tylosaurus proriger Cope ^ Facing page 109

5

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BOTA"

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STAFF OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL

MUSEUM.

[June 30, 1920.]

Charles D. Walcott, Secretai'y of tlie Smithsonian Institution, Keeper ex

officio.
William deC. Ravenel, Administrative Assistant to the Secretary, in charge

of the United States National Museum.

SCIENTIFIC STAFF.

Depaktment of Antheopology :

William H. Holmes, Head Curator.
Division of Ethnology: Walter Hough, Curator; J. W. Fewkes, Collabo-
rator; Arthur P. Rice, Collaborator.
Division of American ArcJieology: Neil M. Judd, Curator; R. G. Paine. Aid.
Division of Old World Archeology: I. IVL Casanowicz, Assistant Curator.
Dicision of rhysical Anthropology : Ales Hrdlieka, Curator.
Division of Graphic Arts: Paul Brockett, Custodian ; Ruel P. Tolman, Aid.

Section of Photography: A. J. Olmsted, Custodian.
Division of History: T. T. Belote, Curator; Jo.seph B. Leavy, Philatelist.
Associates in Historic Archeology : Paul Haupt, Cyrus Adler.
Collaborator in Archeology : Philip A. Means.
Department of Biology :

Leonhard Stejneger, Head Curator; James E. Benedict, Assistant
Curator.
Division of Mammals: G^errit S. Miller, jr., Curator.

Division of Birds: Robert Ridgway, Curator; Charles W. Richmond, Asso-
ciate Curator ; J. H. Riley, Aid ; Eilward J. Brown, Collaborator.
Section of Birds' Eggs: Bradshaw H. Swales, Custodian,
Division of Reptiles and Batrachiuns: Leonhard Stejneger, Curator; Doris

M. Cochran, Aid.
Division of Fishes: Barton A. Betui, Assistant Curator.
Division of Insects: L. O. Howard, Honorary Curator; J. M. Aldrich, Asso-
ciate Curator ; William Schaus, Honomry Assistant Curator ; B. Prestou
Clark, Collaborator.
Section of Hymenoptera : S. A. Rohwer, Custodian ; W. M, Mann, A.ssist-

ant Custodian.
Section of Myriapoda : O. F. Cook, Custodian.

Section of Diptera : J. M. Aldrich, in charge ; Ciiarles T. Greene, Assist-
ant Custodian.
Section of Muscoid Diptera : C. H. T. Townsend, Custodian.
Section of Coleoptera : E. A. Schwai'z, Custodian.
Section of Lepidoptera : Harrison G. Dyar, Custodian.
Section of Orthoptera : A. N. Caudell, Custodian.
Section of Hemiptera : Edmund H. Gibson, Custodian.
J^ Section of Forest Tree Beetles : A. D. Hopkins, Custodian.

-i-^ Division of Marine Invertebrates: Paul Bartsch, Curator ; Waldo L. Schmitt,
''~" Associate Curator; William B. Marshall, Assistant Curator; C. R.

"^^ Shoemaker, Aid ; Pearl li. Boone, Aid ; William H. Dall, Honorary

"^ Curator of Mollusks ; H. K. Harriiig, Custodian of the Rotatoria ; Mrs.

^ Harriet Richardson Searle, Collaborator ; Mary Breen, Collaborator.

8 KEPOET OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1020.

Department of Biology — Continued.

Division of Marine Invertebrates — Continued.

Section of Helniinthological Collections: C. W. Stiles, Custodian; B. H.
Ransom, Assistant Custodian.
Division of Echinoderms: Austin H. Clark, Curator.

Division of Plants (National Herbarium) : Frederick V. Coville, Honorary
Curator; W. R. Maxon, Associate Curator; J. N. Rose, Associate
Curator; P. C. Standley, Assistant Curator; Emery C. Leonard, Aid;
Ellsworth P. Killip, Aid.
Section of Grasses: Albert S. Hitchcock, Custodian.
Section of Cryptogamic Collections : O. F. Cook, Custodian.
Section of Higher Algae : W. T. Swingle, Custodian,
Section of Lower Fungi : D. G. Fairchild, Custodian.
Section of Diatoms : Albert Mann, Custodian.
Associates in Zoologj- : C. Hart Merriam, W. L. Abbott, Mary J. Rathbun.
Associate in Botany : John Donnell Smith.
Department of Geology :

George P. Merrill, Head Curator.
Division of Physieal and Chemieal Geology (Systematic and Applied) :

George P. Merrill, Curator ; E. V. Shannon, Assistant Curator.
Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: F. W. Clarke, Honorary Curator;
W. F. Foshag, Assistant Curator; Frank L. Hess, Custodian of Rare
Metals and Rare Earths.
Division of Paleontology: R. S. Bassler, Curator; Charles E. Resser, As-
sistant Curator.
Section of Invertebrate Paleontology : T. W. Stanton, Custodian of
Mesozoic Collection ; William H. Dall, Associate Curator of Cenozoic
Collection ; T. Wayland Vaughan, Custodian of Madreporai-ian Corals.
Section of Vertebrate Paleontology : Charles W. Gilmore, Associate Cura-
tor ; James W. Gidley, Assistant Curator of Fossil Mammals.
Section of Paleobotany : David "White, Associate Curator ; F. H. Knowl-
ton, Custodian of Mesozoic Plants ; Lucile Simpson, Aid.
A.ssociates in Paleontology : Frank Springer, E. O. Ulrich.
Associate in Petrology : Joseph P. Iddings.
Department or Arts and Industries :
"William deC. Ravenel, Director.
Division of Textiles: Frederic-k L. Lewton, Curator; Mrs. E. "W. Rosson,
Aid.
Section of "Wood Technology : "William M. N. Watkins, Assistant Curator.
Division of Medicine: Charles "Whitebread, Assistant Curator.
Division of Mineral Technology: Chester G." Gilbert, Associate Curator.
Division of Mechanical Technology: C. W. Mitman, Curator; Barbara E.
Bartlett, Aid ; George "W. Spier, Custodian of "Watches.
National Gallery of Art :

William H. Holmes, Curator.

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF.

Chi^ef of Correspondence and Documents, H. S. Bryant.

Disbursing Agent, W. I. Adams.

Superintendent of Buildings and Labor, J. S. Goldsmith.

Editor, Marcus Benjamin.

Assistant Librarian, N. P. Scudder.

Photographer, A. J. Olmsted.

Property and Shipping Clerk, W. A. Knowles.

Engineer, C. R. Denmark.

EEPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CONDITION

OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1920.

Bv WiLOAM ueC. Ravenet.,

A(hui)ustrative Assistant to the Secretary,

In charge of the United States National Museum.

INCEPTION AND HISTORY. '

The Congress of the United States in the act of August 10, 1846,
founding the Smithsonian Institution recognized that an opportunity
Avas afforded, in carrying out the large-minded design of Smitlison,
to provide for the custody of the museum of the Nation. To this new
establishment was therefore intrusted the care of the national col-
lections, a course that time has fully justified.

In the beginning the cost of maintaining the museum side of the
Institution's work was wholly paid from the Smithsonian income;
then for a time the Government bore a share, and during the past 40
years Congress has voted the entire funds for the expenses of the
Museum, thus furthering one of the primary means '" for the increase
and diffusion of knowledge among men '' without encroaching upon
the resources of the Institution.

The museum idea Avas inherent in the establishment of the Smith-
sonian Institution, which in its turn was based upon a 10 years' dis-
cussion in Congress and the advice of the most distinguished scientific
men, educators, and intellectual leaders of the Nation of 75 years
ago. It is interesting to note how broad and comprehensive were the
views which actuated our lawmakers in determining the scope of the
Museum, a fact especially remarkable when it is recalled that at that
date no museum of consideroble size existed in the United States,
and the museums of England and of the Continent of Europe Avei'e
still to a large extent without a developed plan, although containing
many rich collections.

The Congress which passed the act of foundation enumerated as
within the scope of the Museum " all objects of art and of foreign and
curious research and all objects of natural history, plants, and geo-
logical and mineralogical specimens belonging to the United States,"
thus sJtamping the Museum at the very outset as one of the widest

9

10 REPORT OF XATIOXxM. MUSEUM, 1920.

raiiae and at the same time as the ISIuseum of the United States. It
was also appreciated that additions would be necessary to the col-
lections then in existence, and provision was made for their increase
by the exchange of duplicate specimens, by donations, and by other
means.

If the ^Yisdom of Congress in so fully providing for a museum in
the Smithsonian law challenges attention, the interpretation put
upon this law by the Board of Eegents within less than six months
from the passage of the act can not but command admiration. In
the early part of September, 1846, the Regents took steps toward
formulating a plan of operations. The report of the committee
appointed for this purpose, submitted in December and January
following, shows a thorough consideration of the subject in both the
spirit and letter of the law. It would seem not out of place to cite
here the first pronouncement of the board with reference to the char-
acter of the Museum :

" In obedience to the requirements of the charter,^ which leaves
little discretion in regard to the extent of accommodations to he
provided, your committee recommend that there be included in the
building a museum of liberal size, fitted up to receive the collections
destined for the Institution. * * *

" As important as the cabinets of natural history by the charter
required to be included in the Museum, your committee regard its
ethnological portion, including all collections that may supply items
in the physical historj^ of our species, and illustrate the manners,
customs, religions, and progressive advance of the various nations of
the world ; as, for example, collections of skulls, skeletons, portraits,
dresses, implements, weapons, idols, antiquities, of the various races
of man. * * * In this connexion your committee recommend
the passage of resolutions asking the cooperation of certain public
functionaries and of the public generally in furtherance of the above
objects.

" Your committee are further of opinion that in the Museum, if
the funds of the Institution permit, might judiciously be included
various series of models illustrating the progress of some of the most
useful inventions; such, for example, as the steam engine from its
earliest and rudest form to its present most improved state ; but this
they propose only so far as it may not encroach on ground already
covered by the numerous models in the Patent Office.

" Specimens of staple materials, of their gradual manufacture, and
of the finished product of manufactures and the arts may also, your
committee think, be usefully introduced. This would supply oppor-

' Since thf Institution was not charterpd iu a legal sense, but established by Congress,
the use of the word " charter " in this connection was not correct.

EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020. 11

tiinity to examine samples of the best manufactured articles our
country affords, and to judge her gradual progress in arts and manu-
factures. * * *

"The gallery of art, your committee think, should include hotli
paintings and sculpture, as well as engravings and architectural
designs; and it is desirable to hare in connexion with it one or more
studios in which young artists might copy without interruption, being-
admitted under such regulations as the board may prescribe. Your
committee also think that, as the collection of paintings and sculpture
will probably accumulate slowly, the room destined for a gallery of
art might properly and usefully meanwhile be occupied during the
sessions of Congress as an exhibition room for the works of artists
generalW; and the extent and general usefulness of such an exhibit
might probably be increased if an arrangement could be effected
with the Academy of Design, the Arts Union, the Artists' Fund
Society, and other associations of similar character, so as to concen-
trate at the metropolis for a certain portion of each winter the best
results of talent in the fine arts."

The important points in the foregoing report are (1) that it was
the opinion of the Regents that a museum was requisite under the
law. Congress having left no discretion in the matter; (2) that
ethnology and anthropology, though not specially named, were yet
as important subjects as natural history; (3) that the history of the
progress of useful inventions and the collection of the raw materials
and products of the manufactures and arts should also be provided
for; (4) for the gallery of art the committee had models in existence,
and they proposed, pending the gathering of art collections, which
would of necessity be slow, to provide for loan exhibitions by co-
operating with art academies and societies.

In the resolutions which were adopted upon the presentation of the
report, a museum was mentioned as " one of the principal modes of
executing the act and trust." ^ The work was to go forward as the
funds permitted, and, as is well known, the maintenance of the
Museum and the library was long ago assumed by Congress, the
Institution taking upon itself only so much of the necessary responsi-
bility for the administration of these and subsequent additions to its
activities as would weld them into a compact whole, which togethei"
form a unique and notable agency for the increase and diffusion of

^Resolved, That It is the intention of the act of Congress establishing the Institution,
and in accordance with the design of Mr. Smithson, as expressed in his will, that oue
of the principal modes of executing the act and the trust is the accumulation of collec-
tions of specimens and objocts of natural history and of elegant art, and the gradu.il
formation of a library of valuable works pertaining to all departments of human knowl-
eflse, to the end that a copious storehouse of materials of science, literature, and art
may be provided which shall excite and diffuse the lovo of learning among men, and shall
assist the original investigations and efforts of those who may devote themselves to the
pursuit of any branch of knowledge.

12 REPOET OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920.

knoAvletlge, for the direction of research, for cooperation with depart-
ments of the Government and with universities and scientific societies
in America, and likeAvise afford a definite correspondent to all scien-
tific institutions and men abroad who seek interchange of vie^vs or
knowledge with men of science in the United States.

Since that early day the only material cha;nge in the scope of the
Government museum has been the addition of a department of
American history, intended to illustrate by an appropriate assem-
blage of objects the lives of distinguished personages, important
events, and the domestic life of the country from the colonial period
to the present time.

The development of the Museum has been greatest in those subjects
which the conditions of the past three-quarters of a century have
made most fruitful — the natural history, geology, ethnology, and
archeology of the United States, supplemented by many collections
from other countries. The opportunities for acquisition in these
directions have been mainly brought about through the activities of
the scientific and economic surveys of the Government, many of
which are the direct outgrowths of earlier explorations, stimulated or
directed by the Smithsonian Institution. The Centennial Exhibition
of 1876 afforded the first opportunity for establishing a department
of the industrial arts, of which the fullest advantage has been taken,
but the department or gallery of the fine arts made little progress,
though not from lack of desire or appreciation, until 1906, when cir-
cumstances led to its definite recognition. The historical collections
have been greatly augmented within the past two years by large col-
lections illustrative of the AYorld War, including a comprehensive
series of aircrafts and their accessories.

While it is the primary duty of a museum to preserve the objects
confided to its care, as it is that of a library to preserve its books and
manuscripts, yet the importance of public collections rests not upon
the mere basis of custodianship nor upon the number of specimens
assembled and their money value, but upon the use to which they are
put. Judged by this standard, the National Museum may claim to
have reached a high state of efficiencj'. From an educational point
of view it is of great value to those persons who are so fortunate
as to reside in Washington or who are able to visit the Nation's Capi-
tal. In its well-designated cases, in which every detail of structure,
appointment, and color is considered, a selection of representative ob-
jects is placed on view to the public, all being carefully labeled indi-
vidually and in groups. The child as well as the adult has l>een pro-
vided for and the kindergarten pupil and the high-school scholar can
be seen here supplementing their class-room games or studies. Under
authority from Congress the small colleges and higher grades of
schools and academies throughout the land, especiall}' in places

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, VJ20. 13

■wliere museums do not exist, are also being aided in their educational ]

Avork by sets of duplicate specimens, selected and labeled to meet the '

needs of both teachers and pupils. i

Xor has the elementary or even the higher education been by any .|

means the sole gainer from the Avork of the Museum. To advance i

knowledge, to gradually extend the boundaries of learning, has been i

one of the great tasks to which the Museum, in consonance with the j

spirit of the Institution, has set itself from the first. Its staff, though |

chiefly engaged in the duties incident to the care, classification, and i

labeling of collections in order that they may be accessil)le to the |

public and to students, has yet in these operations made important |
discoveries in every department of the Museum's activities, which
have in turn been communicated to other scholars tlirough its nu-
merous publications. But the collections have not been held for the

study of the staff nor for the scientific advancement of those belong- !

in"- to the establishment. JSIost freely have thev been put at the dis- \

posal of investigators connected with other institutions, without '

whose help the record of scientific progress based upon the material j
^n the Museum would have been greatly curtailed. When it is pos-
sible to so arrange, the investigator conies to Washington ; otherwise
such collections as he needs are sent to him, whether he resides in this
country or abroad. In this manner practically every prominent

specialist throughout the world interested in the subjects here well '

represented has had some use of the collections and thereby the Na- \

tional Museum has come to be recognized as a conspicuous factor in |

the advancement of knowledge wherever civilization has a foothold. ;

OPERATION'S OF THE YEAR.

FINANCES.

Tlie maintenance and operations of the National Museum for the
fiscal year from July 1, 1919, to June 30, 1920, were provided for by
the following items of appropriation in the sundry civil bill approved
July 19, 1919, and the first deficiency act for 1920 approved Novem-
ber 4, 1919 :

Preservation of collections $300, 000

Furniture and fixtures 20, 000

Heating and lighting 69, 715

Building repairs 10, 000

Purchase of books 2, 060

Postage 500

Printing and binding 37. 500

Heating and equipping Aircraft Building 14, 000

Total 453, 715

In addition, the sum of $5,640 was transferred to the credit of the
IMuseum from the appropriations of the Bureau of War Risk Insur-
ance of the Treasury Department, $2,000 for heating and lighting
and $3,640 for building repairs, to enable the Museum to repair
damages to the Natural History Building resulting from its oc-
cui:>ancy by the Bureau from October, 1917, to March, 1919.

The appropriations for the year remained practically the same as
for the past ten years — excepting those for heating and lighting and
for furniture and fixtures, the former being increased to take care of
the additional buildings, the latter being slightly reduced from the
amount for several years just prior to the war — notwithstanding the
fact that since the Natural History Building was constructed about
ten years ago approximately three million specimens have been added
to the collections. This alone, even if other activities had not been
taken up by the National Museum, should warrant a large increase in
the appropriation for preservation of collections, from which the
entire staff of the scientific, administrative, and executive branches
of the service are paid, and a considerable increase in the item for
furniture and fixtures.

The Swales Fund and the income from the Francis Lea Chamber-
lain Fund permitted the acquisition during the year of some specially
desired specimens of birds, mollusks, and gems.

15

16 KEPORT or NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

LOEB BEQUEST.

Prof. Morris Loeb, the eminent chemist, who died on October 8^
1912, left a bequest of $25,000 to the American Chemical Society,
to be held as a special fund, the income of which should be used for
the establishment or maintenance of a chemical type museimi, either
in connection with the Chemists' Club of New York City, or the
National IMuseum in Washington, or the American Museum of Nat-
ural History in New York City, preference to be given in the order
named. The chief object of the museum was to be the preservation
of all new substances described as the result of chemical research,
either by obtaining the same by gift or purchase from the discoverer
or by causing the same to be prepared in sufficient quantity accord-
ing to the discoverer's published directions; all for the purpose of
facilitating comparison by subsequent observers. The Chemists'
Chib of New York accepted the trust.

In the autumn of 1919, the Secretarv of tlie American Chemical
Society notified the Smithsonian Institution that the Chemists' Club
being unable to comply with the conditions in the Loeb will, had
offered to give up their right to the Chemical Tjq^e Museum and to
refund money in hand, there being over $5,000 accumulated interest.
The Institution indicated its Avillingness to accept the responsibility,
through the National Museum, of building up the collection (mu-
seum) proposed by Doctor Loeb. There had been an impairment of
tlie Morris Loeb Fund, OAving to the inability of the Brooklyn Rapid
Transit Notes to pay interest for a j^ear or two, and the Directors of
the Chemical Society took advantage of this opportunity to transfer
about $5,000 of accumulated interest into the fund to replace deple-
tion, leaving a balance of $909.44 of unexpended income to December
31, 1919, which was delivered to the Institution. The fund should
hereafter yield an annual income of about $1,155, though the amount
for the calendar j^ear 1920 will be slightly less.

By means of this income from the Morris Loeb Fund, the Smith-
sonian Institution proposes to build up in the National Museum
" The Loeb Collection of Chemical Types," a permanent reference
or study collection of new substances and original material resulting
from chemical research, the main purpose of this collection to be the
preservation of specimens and chemical material which might other-
wise, though of high scientific value, be lost or neglected, and to
make such material accessible and available to scientific investigators
under proper restrictions. The control or ownership of the speci-
mens is placed in the Institution rather than the ISIuseum to avoid
the usual goAernmental restrictions as to sale and other disposal of
materials and to permit the carrying out of the intent of Doctor
Loeb in regard to the use of the collection. Steps will be taken to

REPORT OF NATIONAL. MUSEUM, 1920, 17

secure a competent iidvisory committee composed of eminent chem-
ists of the country to advise on the policy to be pursued in dealing
^Yith investigators desiring the use of portions of type material in
the Loeb Collection.

The general scheme has tlie sanction of various governmental
chemists, and the Bureau of Chemistr}^ Department of Agriculture,
favoring the establishment of such a collection under the Museum
as the proper place for a national collection, offers hearty coopera-
tion, placing at the Museum's disposal in developing this project
any of the Bureau's resources in the Avay of personnel, equipment,
and supplies.

The Bureau of Chemistry has itself started to make a collection of
the new substances made in the Bureau, and has developed a Special
Service for Eesearch Chemists whereby it is furnishing necessary
quantities of rare chemicals for investigational purposes, the chief of
the Bureau having authority to sell such chemicals at cost. It has
accordingly been agreed that the Bureau will turn over to the
Museum any chemical types it possesses, as well as specimens of rare
chemicals. The Bureau will continue, however, to carry on its Special
Service and the index of rare and unique chemicals now maintained
by it.

It is hoped shortly to reorganize the division, or section, of chem-
ical industries, in the department of arts and industries, begun in
1886. Insufficiency of funds prevents this being done at once. In
the meantime the Loeb Collection, as well as other chemical speci-
mens which the agitation of this subject will doubtless bring to the
Museum, will be cared for under the direction of one of the curators
in arts and industries.

BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT.

The Museum Avas enabled this year to restore to prewar-time con-
dition the portions of the Natural History Building occupied by the
Bureau of War Risk Insurance, from the funds transferred from
the Bureau's appropriations. This was accomplished by pointing
up the damaged plastered Avails on the ground floor, by painting
Avails and ceilings of halls occui^ied on that floor by the Bureau,
including foyer and rooms on both sides, comfort rooms, and stair-
Avays from ground floor to third floor, and by painting the floors of
Avest range and rooms in lobby.

The more important Avork completed in this building under the
appropriation for building repairs Avas the repairing of settlement
cracks in Venetian floors in exhibition halls, first and second floors,
9525°— 20 2

18 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920

the pointing up of cracks in the walls and 'ceilings in exhibition halls,
the painting of walls and columns, first and second floors, the placing
of picture molding on Avails of west and northwest ranges, ground
floor, and in the Art Gallery, pointing up and painting walls and
ceilings in comfort room on third floor and rooms 223 and 224.
painting wooden floors in west north and west ranges with deck
paint, repointing open seams in granite stone courses and ledges
on outside walls and court walls, painting exterior surface of all
metal window frames on first and second floors, painting tin gutters
on roofs and replacing broken glass in the dome of the rotunda.
The stone steps at the south entrance were also repointed. The
building in the east court was remodeled by proA-iding doors and
portable glass transoms on the Avest side.

In the Arts and Industries Building the exterior AvoodAA'ork of the
windows in the eight ranges, four pavilions, four toAvers, and rotunda
AA'ere painted. An additional dark room was constructed in the
photographic gallery, and the lunch room Avas scraped, pointed up,
and painted. A number of the walls in the exhibition halls, office
rooms, and laboratories AA^ere also repainted.

In the south shed, Avhich is occupied as a laboratory and Avork-
shop, an improA^ed system of A^entilation AA'as installed in the macerat-
ing room and minor repairs of various kinds Avere made in skylights,
windoAA'S, and doors.

The first deficiency act for 1920 provided the sum of $14,000 to
enable the Regents of the Smithsonian to heat and fit up for the
exhibition of aircraft and accessories produced by this government
since the declaration of Avar, the temporary metal structure erected
in the Smithsonian Grounds hj the War Department, Avith the under-
standing that the custody and control of the building be transferred
to the Regents of the Institution by the Secretary of War.

Immediately after the building Avas turned OA^er-to the Institution
in November the heating equipment, Avhich Avas entirely inadequate,
was condemned and sold, and the proceeds turned into the Division
of Miscellaneous Receipts, Treasur}^ Department, to the credit of the
War Dei^artment. Arrangements Avere then made to heat and light
the building from the poAver plant of the National Museum. The
steam for the building is carried fcom the Arts and Industries
Building, beneath the roadAva}^, through 2-incli pipes, laid in terra-
cotta conduit, to the southeast corner of the Aircraft Buildina-.
Avhere it is distributed to a series of radiators placed along the out-
side Avails Avith a heating surface of approximately 3,240 square feet.
In vicAV of the fact that the building is to be used entirely for ex-
hibition purposes no attempt was made to provide the usual tempera-
ture of TO degrees, as temperatures above 55 or GO are not necessary

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 19

or desirable in exhibition halls. Electric lights have also been in-
stalled throughout the hall for use on dark days and for police
purposes at night.

In order to make the interior of the building suitable for exhibi-
tion of airplanes and accessories, the following important alterations
and repairs were made: The wooden floor was removed and a new
concrete floor laid; the entire ceiling and side walls of the interior
of the building, after being completely sheathed, were covered with
Neponset wall board and painted and the entire exterior of the
building painted.

To prevent condensation ten large, oblong ventilators and louvers
were installed in the east and west ends of the building near the roof
and the ten small circular ventilators w^ere removed. A concrete plat-
form was constructed at the east end of the building and a glazed
vestibule w^ith inner and outer double doors built at this end of the
building to be used as a public entrance. Sewers along the north and
south sides were provided; all sheets of corrugated metal forming
exterior roof and side walls were refastened; a large number of
broken glass were replaced, and a new comfort room was constructed
and ventilating registers installed in the ceiling. The doors on the
north side of the building were closed and two doors on the west side
remodeled and installed as emergency exits; a workroom was also
provided in the southeast corner 15 feet by 10 feet long and 22 feet
deep for use as a combination storage, workroom and office.

There were acquired during the fiscal year 30 exhibition cases and
bases, 229 storage cases and pieces of laboratory and office furniture,
198 standard unit drawers, 602 insect drawers, and 388 special
drawers.

The inventory of furniture at the close of the year show^s 3,585 ex-
hibition cases and 11,405 storage cases, laboratory and office furni-
iture, 46,065 standard wooden unit drawers, 4,712 metal unit drawers,
10,944 insect drawers, 11,059 special drawers with compo bottoms,
4,905 special drawers with paper bottoms, 1,047 unit boxes, 224
wooden unit boxes, and 752 wing frames.

The condition of the watch force rem'ains practically the same as
during the war. It has been impossible to secure and keep satisfac-
tory men owing to the fact that the compensation is entirely inade-
quate. The good men leave in a few months after they are ap-
pointed, as they are offered higher wages in private establishments
and find it impossible to live in Washington on the pay of a w^atch-
man, whicli is $720 a year, plus the bonus of $240 provided by
Congress.

Blue prints of museum exhibition and storage cases Avere supplied
to a number of museums in the United States and abroad including

20 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

the Army Medical IVIiiseiim and the Xational Parks Service, Washing-
ton: University of Michi<fan. Ann. Arbor, Michioan ; Western Uni-
versity. London, Ontario: Department of Mines, Geoh^frical Survey,
Ottawa: Canterbury Museum. Christchurch. New Zealand, at the
re<|uest of Captain Gilbert Archey: and the Bernice Pauahi Bishop
IVIuseum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural History, Honolulu,
Hawaii.

The power plant was closed for two months and eight days, be-
ginning July 1, during Avhich time the electric current for light and
power was furnished by the Potomac Electric Power Co. at 2i- cents
a kilowatt, under contract made by the Treasury Department. While
the plant was closed the employees connected therewith took the
greater part of their leave so that during the remainder of the year
the Museum would not be deprived of their services except for short
periods.

There were only two major changes or repairs made during the
year: one consisting of the installation of a forced oil feed system
for the engines, which had been purchased the previous year, and
the other, of the purchase and installation of asbestos covers for four
boiler drums, together with the repairing of the covering on the
pipes and smoke breeching in the engine room. The installation of
this oil feed system, in addition to increasing the efficiency of the
engines and reducing cost of repairs, Avill result in an actual saving
of about $100 a year on the cost of oil.

A new Worthington Duplex j^ump purchased for removing water
of condensation from the main exhaust pipe Avas also installed. For
the first time since the installation of the plant, in 1909, it became
necessary to replace the tubes in two of the boilers, and also to have
the main bearings of two engines rebabbited. Notwithstanding that
the entire plant has been operated under pressure — on account of the
requirements of the Bureau of War Risk Insurance in 1917 to 1919
and the addition of the Freer Building to the heating and lighting
system — the deterioration is, in the opinion of the engineer, largely
due to the inability of the Museum to secure competent men as
stokers, firemen, and assistant engineers at the very small salaries
paid.

The ice plant, which supplies ice for all of the buildings occupied
by the National Museum, was operated for 4,923 hours, producing a
total of 317.6 tons.

Owing to the fact that the plant has been thoroughly overhauled
and the old oil and ammonia removed, its operation was much more
satisfactory than for several years. The cost of repairs, and the
material purchased, such as calcium chloride, oil, and ammonia, was
$152.09, so that the actual cost of the ice was less than 50 cents a ton.

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 21

If, however, the cost of the current for operating the motor and
(h-iving the compressor is inchided at 3.2 cents a kilowatt, the total
cost is $1,293.24, or $4.07 a ton.

The fire extinguishers in all of the buildings were as usual over-
hauled and recharged, and found to be in a very satisfactory con-
dition.

A fire alarm system for the Freer Building Avas installed, with two
of the four gongs in that building, one in the middle hall of the
Smithsonian Building, and one on the north side of the Arts and
Industries Building. This is knoAvn as the closed circuit system,
which gives an alarm signal Avhen any portion of the circuit is
broken. While the cost of this system is greater than the old open
circuit, there is no doubt that the added reliability more than coun-
terbalances the increased cost. Should it prove satisfactory in opera-
tion, it is the intention to have this system installed in all of the
Museum buildings, so that all of them Avill be interconnected, and
an alarm in one building Avill be given in all of the others at the
same time.

COLLECTIONS.

The total number of specimens acquired by the jMuseum during the
year was api^roximately 216,871. Received in 1,480 separate ac-
cessions, they Avere classified and assigned as folloAvs: Department of
anthropology, 15,254; zoology, 101,554; botany, 35,211; geology and
mineralogy, estimated 22,400; paleontology, estimated 40,000; tex-
tiles, Avoods, medicines, foods and other miscellaneous animal and
vegetable products, 1,T16; mineral, technology, 627; mechanical tech-
nology, 97 ; and National Gallery of Art, 12. Loans and deposits for
exhibition added 8,348 more, chiefly in the division of history. War
Collections.

Material to the extent of 495 lots Avas received for special examina-
tion and report. While this free identification of material sent in
from all parts of the country requires considerable time on the part
of specialists, it is not Avithout advantage to the Museum in fur-
nishing occasional desirable specimens and in recording ncAV locali-
ties.

The distribution of dup" . tes for educational purposes, mainly to
schools and colleges, aggregated 4,306 specimens of Avliich 2,761
Avere contained in ten regular sets of ores and minerals of 85
specimens each, 6 regular sets of fossil invertebrates averaging 45
specimens each, 3 regular sets illustrating rock Aveathering of 21
sj^ecimens each, 5 regular sets of mollusks of 179 specimens each, and
8 special sets of locusts, 5 of 100 and 3 of 60 specimens each. The
remaining 1,545 specimens Avere sent out in special sendings and
comprised anthropological, biological, botanical, and geological

22 EEPOriT OF KATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920.

niiiterial. In making additions to the collections 1G.200 more dupli-
cate specimens were used, nearly 13,000 being plants: for these the
Museum has or will receive an equivalent.

Material sent out to specialists for study on behalf of the Museum
amounted to 13,838 specimens, mainly biological.

WAR COLLECTIOXS.

Through cooperation of the Navy and the War Departments,
the stream of material reaching the Museum illustrative of the
World War filled the quarters assigned to the division of history in
the Arts and Industries Building, overfloAving into the Natural
History Building, and the Aircraft Building, the temporary metal
structure obtained from the War Department.

Prior to July, 1919, very little material had been received illus-
trating the work of the Navy during the World War, with the
excej)tion of some uniforms of the Marine Corps and the insignia
of its various branches. At that time it was decided to assign the
rotunda of the Natural History Building for this purpose, and after
a conference between Assistant Secretary Roosevelt and the secretary
and officers of the Museum, Lieutenant Commander L. P. Warren
was asked to take charge of this work. A number of exhibits were
received during the year, the most important of which are a para-
vane, which is a device attached to battleships for the purpose of
destroying mines; an anti-aircraft gun and a Y depth charge gun
for the destruction of submarines ; a collection of British naval air-
plane bombs; a large number of relics from the sunken battleship
Maine; a one-pound gun; a German torpedo 18 feet long; a Davis
gun for airplanes ; and a naval range finder.

During the month of June the large 6-inch naval gun Avhich fired
America's first shot in the World War was delivered at the building.
Owing to its weight and the impossibility of getting it into the
building it was placed on the east drivewaj?^, where it makes a most
impressive exhibit.

The War Department continued its generous co-operation by con-
tributing material illustrating the military activities of the United
States, the Allies and the enemy countries in the following branches :
Air service, ordnance, chemical warfare, quartermaster, Engineer,
Medical, and Signal Corps. The material was selected especially for
the Museum with a view to illustrating graphically the military his-
tory of the war for the benefit of the public and for historical and
scientific research.

From the Air Service came military airplanes showing types of
machines used by the United States, France, and Germany, includ-
ing a De Haviland 4, tractor biplane of tj'pe originally developed

REPORT OF ITATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1&20, 23

by Enoland and later adopted by the United States for observation
and day bombing purposes, equipped -with a Liberty motor of -UK)
horsepower and two Lewis and two Marlin machine guns; a Le Pere
tractor biplane of type developed by the U. S. Air Service during
the war for fighting purposes, equipped with Liberty motor of 400
horsepower and two LeAvis and two Marlin guns; a Martin bomber,
twin tractor biplane of type developed by U. S. Air Service for
bombardment purposes, equipped with two Liberty motors of 400
horsepower each, and five Lewis machine guns and ten bombs; a
Spad, XVI, tractor biplane of type developed and used by Frencli
for reconnaissance purposes, equipped with a Lorraine Deitrich
motor of 250 horsepower, and one Vickers and two Lewis machine
guns; another Spad, XIII, tractor biplane of type developed and
used by France, equipped with a Hispano Suiza motor of 220 horse-
power and two Vickers machine guns. This airplane, which was
part of the 22d Aero Squadron, Air Service, American Expeditionary
Forces, has seven victories to its credit, and is of the same tj'pe as
those with which the famous French flyers Fonch and Guynemer and
the American flyer Eickonbacker made a great part of their records;
a Fokker, D-VII, tractor biplane, developed and used by the German
Air Service for pursuit purposes, equipped with Mercedes motor of
180 horsepower and two Spandau machine guns. This plane was
captured at Verdun by Captain H. McLanahan, and Lieutenants E.
Curtis and S. Sewall of First Pursuit Group, 95th Aero Squadron,
U. S. A., Captain J. Mitchell commanding.

The Ordnance Department and the Quartermaster Corps supplied
ordnance equipment of the type used by the A'arious armies for
offensive and defensive purposes. Deserving special mention were
French and British 75 mm. guns, the type of ordnance most used
by the Allies during the war; the American 4.7 gun, the American
37 mm. infantry machine gim, the 75 mm. mountain howitzer and
a carriage, the British 8-inch howitzer and the French 155 mm. gun
and howitzer; trench mortars of 3 inches, 6 inches and 240 mm., all
with full sets of equipment, tools and other accessories; the Brown-
ing, Lewis, Ilotchkiss and Vickers machine guns, the French St.
Etienne machine gun and Chauchat automatic rifle; a complete col-
lection of small arms of type used by the United States during the
war, also sectionalized projectiles, including aerial bombs, shells,
cartridges, hand and rifle grenades, adapters, boosters, and fuses and
a collection of rifles, pistols, and swords illustrating the types of
weapons used during the World War by the various armies includ-
ing the rifles used by the armies of Austria, Belgium, England,
France, Japan, Italy, Germany. Pussia. Poumania, and Serbia. Of
more than passing interest Avere specimens of silk cartridge cloth

24 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1J)20.

used by the United States Army for powder bags for loading tlic
large gnns. and samples of the same material adapted for civilian nse.

Of enemy material the Ordnance Department transmitted a large
and interesting collection of (jerman and Austrian equipment cap-
tured by the American Expeditionary Forces. This included field
guns of 77 mm., 105 mm., 135 mm., 180 mm., and 210 mm. caliber
respectively, an anti-aircraft cannon of 8S mm. caliber on a very
heavy crude -wooden carriage said to be the first type of such moimt
used by the Germans; of machine guns, the heavy Maxim on sled
mount, the light Maxim on tripod, the light ]Maxim on anti-aircraft
mount Avith circular track, the Dreyse gun. light and heavy aircraft,
the Austrian Schwarzlose and two anti-tank guns; field kitchen
with two-wheeled cart. Red Cross ambulance. Red Cross wagon,
blacksmith's wagon, demolition wagon, road repair wagon, various
other A'chicles, and miscellaneous German commissary, infantr}',
artillery, cavalry, and signal equipment, some made of paper.

From the Chemical AVarfare Service came otfensive and defensive
equipment used in the chemical Avarfare by both the armies of the
Allied and enemy countries, including gas. smoke and incendiary
shells, gas, smoke and incendiary trench mortar bombs, gas pro-
jectiles, gas cloud apparatus, smoke producers, flame projectors,
chemical grenades, aerial, gas, smoke and incendiary bombs, masks,
respirators, helmets, goggles, special clothing and alarms; in. each
case not only the latest and most up to date objects of the type
described but also nearly complete series shoAving the development of
such objects from their earliest form to the most recent.

The Corps of Engineers contributed a collection illustrating the
important part played in modern Avarfare by that branch of the
Army, including examples of tools and small equipment and of the
large instruments, peculiar to the Avork of the Corps, Avhich so greatly
aided in Avinning the Avar. Particularly interesting are a parabolic
listening device used for determining the location of enemy aero-
planes at night and directing searchlights against them — a A'ery im-
jDortant feature in combating air raids ; a sound ranging set for locat-
ing the position of enemy batteries by recording the sound of the
guns ; a flash ranging set Avhich locates the position of enemy batteries
by recording the flashes of the guns : examples of the 36-inch and the
GO-inch high intensity electric-arc searchlights and of the 60-inch
oi>en tA'pe searchlights ; models showing the use of camouflage ma-
terial in trench Avarfare Avith dummy silhouettes of soldiers to draAV
machine gun fire; representation of standard t^^pe trench and shelter
cave chamber; models of bridges, pontoon boats and Avagons, and a
camouflaged gun position.

( )ther contributions, through the Quartermaster Corps, added uni-
forms and insignia of the types worn by the armies of the Allied and

REPORT OF NATI0:NAL MUSEUM, 1920. 25

enemy countries, fully representinuj tlie uniform worn Ijy officers and
enlisted men of the folloAA'ing countries and the colonial possessions
of each: Belgium, France, (xreat Britain, Ital}^, Japan, Austria,
Germany, and Turkey, the individual personal equipment of officers
and men being included with the uniform in each case. This series
forms a marvelously complete collection and will be a ])riceless
source of information for historical ])urposes.

The Medical Department completed the extensive series beoun last
year of objects illustrating the work of that l)rancli of tlie T^nited
States Army, including field equipment, base hospital equipment and
apparatus especially that intended for overseas service. In the three
rooms and a part of the foyer on the ground floor assigned to this
purpose were duly installed this year under the supervision of Mr.
F. L. Lew^ton, the 4,000 specimens in this collection. The field equip-
ment included first aid kit and emergency belt worn by all enlisted
men in the Medical Corps, field operating table, instruments, dress-
ings, and other supplies, complete portable dental outfit, emergency
dental outfit for carrying in hand, field kitchen, portable disinfector,
w^ater-sterilizing outfit, and portable steam sterilizer, litters, ambu-
lances, etc. The base hospital material, for exhibition, was grouped
as follows : The X-ray laboratory, showing all important fixed and
movable types of X-ray equipment ; the hospital ward of three beds
with various equipment; general operating room of a military hos-
pital; anesthesia room; eye, ear, and throat clinic; fracture room;
dental clinic ; sterilizing room ; bacteriological laboratory ; serological
laboratory, pathological laboratory, and chemical laboratory. This
exhibit was opened to the i^ublic on March 1, 1920.

The pictorial material of the War Collections was increased by a
series of nearly five hundred draAvings and paintings by the official
artists of the American Expeditionary Forces, namely : W. J. Ayl-
ward, W. J. Duncan, Harvey Dunn, George Harding, W. Morgan,
E. Peixotto, J. A. Smith, and Harry Townsend, received from the
War Department. These pictures were installed in rooms 4o, 40,
and 47 of the Natural History Building, most of them being hung
on the walls in their original frames, ])ut the smaller ones were le-
moved and placed in the Museum standard wing frames. These
rooms were opened to the public on May 28.

To the numismatic section of the War Collections was added a
collection of representative war decorations and medals of Gr^iat
Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Austria, and Turkey, and a series
of bronze and silver commemorative medals issued bv Beloium,
France, Great Britain, Greece, Holland, Italy, Montenegro, Rou-
mania, Russia, and Serbia in commemoration of notable events dur-
ing the war.

26 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

The Xational Society of the Colonial Dames assisted also in builcl-
inir up the War Collections by lending a very interesting and strik-
ing series of uniforms of the type worn by American ^Yomen mem-
bers of war organizations, including those of the American Red
Cross, National League for Women's Service, Woman's Land Armj^
of America, American Committee for Devastated France, American
Fnnd for French Wounded, National Catholic War Council, Jewish
Welfare Board, Young Men's Christian Association, American
Friends Service Committee, American Library Association, Young
Women's Christian Association, National War Work Council of the
Young Women's Christian Association, United States Marine Corps,
Signal Corps Telephone Unit, Emergency Aid of Pennsylvania, and
the Salvation Army.

Early in the year the space assigned to the War Collections was
increased by two large ranges on the ground floor of the Natural
History Building. In one Avas installed the collection of foreign
uniforms, insignia and decorations showing the various types of
military costumes worn by the armies of the Allies and the enemy
countries during the war, and the collections of captured German
militar}^ equipment, for which the Museum was indebted to the
Quartermaster General of the U. S. Army, Major General H. L.
Eogers, under whose direction they were assembled for installation.
In the second range were placed the collections of chemical warfare
and ordnance material. The west and central portion of the foyer of
this building was given over^to the Corps of Engineers for its exhibit :
a portion of the foyer and three rooms on the east to the exhibit of
the Medical Department, heretofore mentioned, and the walls of three
rooms on the west of the foyer to the pictorial material. In the Arts
and Industries Building were placed on display captured German
ordnance material, small arms of the Allies and enemy countries,
American ordnance equipment, and the collection of uniforms worn
by the Avomen's organizations. Out of doors, on the west side of
this building, were placed the German field guns, and the airplane
exhibit is being assembled in the Aircraft Building.

The War Department re^idered great assistance to the INIuseum in
putting this material on display, preparing labels, etc. Indeed with-
out such assistance the Museum could have made little progress in
this direction, the small force of the division of history, under which
the War Collections are administered, being entirely inadequate to
the huge task. Capt. J. J. Hittinger of the Quartermaster Corps
continued on detail to the Museum throughout the year, giving gen-
eral supervision to the assembling and installation of material; Maj.
John McLaren Avas detailed from the Ordnance Department in con-
nection Avith the ordnance section of the yvar exhibit, personally
superintending the installation of the field guns and accessories in

REPORT OF ISTATIOXAL MUSEUM, ia20. 27

the rotunda of the Arts and Industries Building and the collection
of ordnance material in the Natural History Building. In August
Capts. E. W. Jepson and J. E. Costello were detailed from the War
Department to install material then on hand from the Corps of
Engineers. Later these officers were transferred elsewhere, and
Sergt. Burns A. Stubbs was detailed, under Lieut. T. X. Ellman, to
finish the installation of all exhibits from the Corps, which was
completed by the end of May and opened to the public. Capt. A, 1*.
Mooradian, of the Surgeon General's Office, rendered valuable service
in planning and supervising the wiring and setting up of the equi}>
ment of the X-ray laboratory, in the exhibit of the Medical Depart-
ment, all of which is operative.

OTHER COLLECTIOXS.

In other lines than the War Collections the Museum acquired
much material of value and interest. In American history the addi-
tions included a large collection of uniforms of the types Avorn by
the armies of 23 foreign countries prior to the World War; 226 com-
plete uniforms of the types worn in the United States Army from
1776 to 1909; material relating to the career of Cyrus W. Field and
the laying of the first Atlantic telegraph cables ; miscellaneous scien-
tific apparatus used by Joseph Henry, (1799-1878) during the lat-
ter part of his life, the gift of his daughter. Miss Caroline Henry;
watches owned b}' Major General George B. McClellan, U. S. Army ;
swords and other military relics of Major General John H. Brooke,
U. S. Army; mementoes of Susan B. Anthony and objects illustrating
the history of the woman's suffrage movement in the United States
from 1848 to 1919 ; and, for the series of costumes of mistresses of the
White House, a black velvet dress worn l)y Mrs. Woodrow Wilson,
and a lace flounce completing the inaugural dress of Mrs. James A.
Garfield. The philatelic material was increased by 5,872 specimens,
of which 4,345 were transferred from the U. S. Post office Depart-
ment, and of these 2,475 are examples of new issues reaching that
Department from the International Bureau of the L^niversal Postal
Union.

The collections received in ethnology show marlcedly the rapid
decline of Indian material and a corresponding though less rapid dis-
appearance of material in areas less modified. The receipts included
Western Indian baskets donated by Miss Ella F. Hubby; valuable
material collected during the period of military occupation of the
Philippines i-eceived as gifts from INIrs. Thomas F. Dwyer and ISliss
Kline, Major General Joseph C. Breckenridge and the late Lieutenant
Colonel Diuican Elliott, U. S. Army; and pottery and objects in
silver, pewter, and brass bequeathed to the Museum by Miss Eliza-
beth S. Stevens.

28 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

Tlie division of Aineriean areheolooy reports its yearly increase
due lar«;ely to contributions from the Bureau of American Eth-
nology, including collections made in Arizona. Utah, and Colorado
by Dr. A\'alter Hough; in Texas by Dr. J. W. Fewkes and Prof.
J. E. Pearce; in Missouri by Mr. Gerard Fowke; and in Utah by
the curator, Mr. Neil M. Judd. The Bureau also transferred a col-
lection of archeological specimens obtained by it as gift from the
Otto T. Mallery expedition.

The collections in Old AYorld archeology benefited too by the
bequest of Miss Elizabeth JS. Stevens, receiving nearly a hundred
objects of Christian and Buddhist religious art in wood, copper,
bronze, and sih'er. Other additions included ancient coins from
Captain Clarence E. Wiener; casts of engraved antique gems from
Dr. William H. Dall ; and casts of Oriental seals made in the Museum
from originals owned by Mrs. Talcott Williams. The collection of
Bibles was supplemented by the two copies of tlie New Testament in
English from Avhich Thomas Jefferson cut the English version of
his '' The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth " — the so-called " Jef-
ferson Bible •* — donated by Miss Bertha Cohen and her nieces.

In physical anthropology the most important accessions w^ere
skeletal material as follows : from New Mexico, gift of the Museum
of the American Indian, Heye Foundation; from Nevada, donated
by Hon. William Kent ; from Tennessee and Kentucky, partly gift
and partly a loan from ^Y. E. Myer; and Missouri collected by
(xerard Fowke. and from Arizona collected by Dr. Walter Hough,
transferred to Museum from Bureau of American Ethnology. A
Neolithic skull was received in exchange from the University of
J^iege, Belgium, and a plaster bust representing a form of early man
by purchase. The trip of the curator, Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, to the Far
East added to the collections some 2,000 portraits of peoples of that
locality.

Mr. Hugo AVorch contributed three pianos and a harpsichord to the
series he is building up here representing the history of the piano-
forte, and from Mrs. J. Ryan Devereux came a noteworthy collection
of 81 musical instruments of various types.

The additions in graphic arts included a collection of several hun-
dred specimens of wood engravings, mezzotints, aquatints, etc., do-
nated by Mr. Earle W. Huckel ; miniature mosaics from Mr. Stock-
ton W. Jones. shoAving a method of making pictures not heretofore
represented in the division; sephiograph reproductions from the
Crane Lithograph Company; and American-made vellum from Mr.
George A. Hathaway. The section of photography was enriched by
photographic apparatus used by Dr. Edward Muybridge in his
study of motion in animals, presented by the Commercial Museum
of Philadelphia.

REPORT OF ISLATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020. 29

In the ceramic gallery loans were credited from Miss E. B. Lowe of
old English porcelain, and from Miss Eliza Kuhamah Scidmore of
Japanese porcelain and bronze.

The additions to the biological collections aggregated approxi-
mately 186,765 specimens. Not only was the year numerically a very
prosperous one, but the reports of the curators show a gratifying
increase in the scientific importance of the material received. This
is particularly true of the division of birds in which no less than
163 species new to the collection were among the accessions. This
splendid result was to a great extent due to the liberality of Mr.
B. H. Swales, of Washington, District of Columbia, who placed a
fund at the disposition of the Museum for this particular purpose.
No less important was the material received through the continued
generosity of Dr. W. L. Abbott. Impressed by the importance of
.securing for the Museum an adequate representation of the fast dis-
api^earing higher vertebrate fauna of Australia, he granted the
means to send Mr. Chas. M. Hoy to that continent for the purpose
of collecting especially mammals and birds. No less than 240 speci-
mens of the former and 228 of the latter from a region hitherto very
poorly represented in the national collection are contained in this
first installment. Doctor Abbott's personal explorations in Haiti
have also yielded very important additions. A third expedition was
of particular interest as supplementing our African collections which
were hitherto confined chiefly to the eastern side of the continent,
namely, the Collins-Garner expedition to the Erench Congo. More
than 2,350 mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes, and invertebrates were
thus added, among them 2 gorillas, 2 chimpanzees, 2 buffalos, etc.
The first installment of another African expedition, carried out by
the Institution in conjunction with the Universal Film Manufactur-
ing Compan}^, contained 239 mammals and birds from southei'n
Africa, still further contributing to the excellency of our series from
the dark continent.

Among the large collections of insects acquired, tlie following are
especially noteworthy: Mr. B. Preston Clark presented 5,500 lepidop-
tera of the Hawaiian Islands and South America. Similarly Dr. AVil-
liam Barnes donated 2,000 moths, including 60 types, and 150 butter-
flies. From Dr. AV. M. Mann, through the Bureau of Entomology, the
Museum received 6,000 insects of various orders, collected by him in
Honduras, and similarly from Dr. E. A. Schwarz a collection of 5,770
miscellaneous insects made in Florida. Besides 6,930 specimens
transferred by the Department of Agriculture, numerous accessions
were received from Costa Kica, Australia, South Africa, Mexico, etc.

The mollusk collection was the recipient of two particularly valua-
ble and important gifts, namely, the collection of Hawaiian marine
shells donated by ^Ir. D. Thaanum and a part of the William F.

30 EEPORT OF ISTATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920.

Clapp collection of New England land and freshwater mollusks,
about 10,000 specimens purchased and presented by Mr. John B.
Henderson. The former, consisting of about 5,000 specimens collected
by Mr. Thaanum and Mr. J. B. Langford, has long been loiown as the
best existing collection of authentically located marine Hawaiian
shells. As in previous years, the Bureau of Fisheries forms one of
the chief sources of our material of marine invertebrates, including
specimens collected during the cruises of the Albatross and the Bache
reported on by Mr. Sasaki, Dr. A. L. TreadAvell and Dr. H. B. Bige-
low. Numerous other accessions from collectors and collaborators
were remarkable for the great number of types of new species added
during the year.

The botanical collections accessioned include highly valuable ma-
terial from all over the world. Besides important North American
collections, there are represented plants from Mexico and Central
America, Colombia, British Guiana, Brazil, Argentina, Europe,
Africa, China, Sumatra, etc. The Department of Agriculture trans-
ferred 8,190 specimens, mostly the result of field work of the Bureau
of Plant Industry. The Forestry Commission of the Mexican state
of Sinaloa transmitted 887 specimens from little knoAvn parts of that
state. A large number of plants were obtained in exchange; the
largest lot consisting of 2,398 specimens received from the New York
Botanical Garden, mostly plants collected in Colombia by Eusby and
Pennell. Likewise in exchange there were acquired from the Botani-
cal Museimi of the University at Copenhagen 923 specimens of Mexi-
can and Central American plants, chiefly material collected a long
time ago by Liebmann and Oersted and therefore of unusual historical
interest and value.

The additions to the collections in the department of geolog}^ dur-
ing the year Avere 180 lots against 135 for the year previous, with a
decided increase in the number of specimens and their scientific value.
Of these accessions, 111 were gifts, 32 transfers, 25 exchanges, 2 were
collections by members of the force, 1 received as a deposit, and but
9 acquired by purchase. Among those of greatest importance were
gifts comprising ores of the rare metals, particularly tungsten and
molybdenum, secured chiefly through Mr. Frank L. Hess of the
U. S. Geological Survey, but honorary custodian in the Museum.
"The donors included Mr. C. W. Purington, Vladivostok, Siberia;
]Mr. J. G. Hibbs, Denver, Colorado; the Homestake Mining Com-
j/any. Lead, South Dakota ; the R. and S. Molybdenum Company,
Questa, New Mexico; and the Molybdenum Mines Company, Denver.
Other important additions were made by Dr. J. Morgan Clements of
New York, traveling in China in the interest of the Federal Trade
Commission, and Mr. M. L. Patterson, manager of the Thabawleik
Mines, Mergui, Burma.

REPORT 01^ NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1&20. • 31

An excellent series of crystallized native copper and silver minerals
from the Lake Superior region was acquired by purchase and gift,
and a large slab of native copper, simulating in outline the continent
of South America, was received from the Bolivian delegates to the
Second Pan American Financial Conference.

The meteorite collection was enriched by examples of the following-
stones: Colby, Wisconsin, 3,G42 grams; Bjurbole, Finland, 2,500
grams; Washington County, Kansas, 2,003 grams; Kesen, Japan,
1,397 grams; and Appley Bridge, 598 grams. In addition was ac-
quired 3,320 grams of an iron from Yenberrie, Australia.

Valuable collections in the form of minerals and invertebrate
fossils, comprising many thousands of specimens, were received from
the U. S. Geological Surve}^, as was also a large series of igneous
rocks from the Yellowstone National Park, described by Dr. J. P.
Iddings in volume 32 of their monographs.

Large collections from the West Indies, particularly from the
Dominican Republic, haA'e been added to the series of invertebrate
fossils, which have been further augmented by some 10,000 specimens
from the Upper Cambrian of W^isconsin.

To the exhibition series have been added a large and unique speci-
men of trilobite, the largest American form in existence, which was
found during excavations in connection with the conservancy dam at
Dayton, Ohio; a mounted skeleton of the large, extinct mammal,
Biontotherium hatcJieii; the sea-living lizard, Tylosauriis prork/er:
and a diminutive camel Stenomylus hitcJicocki. The studv collec-
tions in vertebrate paleontology were augmented by a considerable
num.ber of type specimens, deposited by the Maryland Geological
Survey, which, though fragmentary, are of primary interest. Of
equal importance are gifts of Pleistocene Ix)nes and teeth from a cave
near Bulverde, Texas, donated by Dr. O. P. Hay, and similar material
from Cavetown, Maryland, gift of Phillips Academy, Andover,
Massachusetts.

Tile gem collection has been thoroughly overhauled, reweighed,
and recatalogued, and a handbook and catalogue of the same pre-
pared, the manuscript of which is noAV in the hands of the Govern-
ment Printer.

The work of preparing 100 sets of 85 specimens each of ores and
minerals for distribution to schools, mentioned in the report of last
year, has been completed and the sets are now ready as occasion shall
demand.

The collections under the supervision of the curator of textili^s,
which, besides textiles, embrace medicine, food, wood technology,
and miscellaneous animal and vegetable products, were increased by
many gifts and by transfer from other government bureaus amount-
ing to over 2,000 objects. The most important of these are as follows :

32 • REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

The division of textiles received for exhibition from the Depart-
ment of Ordnance, War Department, specimens of silk cartridfre
cloth Avhicli was so essential in the preparation of separate loadin<^
annnunition for all the lar<^e guns taking part in the Great War;
also examples of this same fabric showing the results of the experi-
ments made to demonstrate the value for civilian uses of the eleven
million yards sold as surplus material. There were added by gift
many specimens of knitted fabrics contributed by American manu-
facturers, and made from artificial silk. avooI. and mohair.

The collections in the division of medicine were enlarged by a
series of pharmaceutical preparations illustrating the various forms in
Avhich medicinal substances are prepared for administration, a series
of essential oils, and an addition to the materia medica collections
of a large number of inorganic chemicals. The exhibits planned to
illustrate the basic principles of different schools of medicine were
increased by many gifts, and the one devoted to Homeopathy com-
pleted. The section of pharmacy received many documents and pub-
lications bearing on the history of the United States Pharmacopoeia,
and the complete series of Avritten and printed records of the last
revision of this imj^ortant Avork amounting to many thousands of
pages.

The exhibition collections of the section of wood technology were
much improved by a transfer from the Forest Service of twenty-five
colored transparencies and forty-eight colored bromide enlargements
especially prepared for the National Museum, representing typical
forest scenes, methods of lumbering and forest industries, and by the
gift of exhibit material illustrating tlie use of wood waste and wood
pulp.

Many specimens of edible and inedil)le oils, developed as a branch
of the meat-packing industr3^ and samples of the official tea stand-
ards, used from 1915 to 1920. to control the quality of the foreign
teas imported by the United States, Avere added to the collections of
animal and vegetable products.

In the division of mineral technology the principal addition was
a working model of a salt works, donated by the Worcester Salt
Company, being a replica of that company's operations near War-
saAV, New York. A system of circulating Avater is caused to mine
the natiA'e salt, bring it to the surface in solution and finally to sur-
render it, the Avhole taking place before the visitor's eyes. The
National Lead Company contributed 26 large transparencies and
about 600 exhibition samples needed in completing the comprehensiv^e
exhibit illustrating the lead industry undertaken several years ago,
and Avhich uoav lacks only competent technical direction in installa-
tion. The Avork of the division Avas largely at a standstill, by the
transfer elsewhere in the Museum at the beginning of the year of

REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1&20. 33

one of the members of its scientific staff and the resignation soon
afterwards of tlie remaining tAvo members. Mr. (iilbert, after sever-
ing active relations continued, under appointment on an honorary
basis, to give advisory supervision over these collections, all of which
had been developed under his direction. It is hoped that another
year will find this division manned and again to the front as it was
so signally during the period of the Avar.

Probably the most imj^ortant addition to the collections of the
diA'ision of mechanical technology during the year Avas a tAvelve
cylinder Liberty airplane motor, the gift of the Lincoln Motor Com-
pany. The motor is complete in every detail and in addition, \'arious
portions are cut aAvay to show the interior parts in operatiAe rela-
tion. Another accession of note Avas a replica of the original typog-
rapher, inAented and patented by William Austin Burt in 1829, the
gift of his grandson, Hiram Austin Burt. As representatiAe of the
early beginnings of tlie American typcAvriter this forms a A'ery im-
portant addition to the exhil^t shoAving the development of the type-
Avriter. The time-keeping collections Avere enhanced by the gift of
tAvo Avatches from Mr. George W. Spier, honorary custodian of
A\'atches. In the section of marine transportation there Avas added
a model of one of the freight ships built at Hog Island Shipyard in
1919, received from the United States Senate Committee on Com-
merce, through Senator Wesley L. Jones, Chairman.

Early in the year plans for the future development of the division
of mechanical technology Avere formulated, the end in AdeAv being a
Museum of Engineering. Accordingly, the collections in care of the
division Avere first rearranged in the halls, the basis of rearrangement
being the kind of object rather than the source, thus, one hall noAV
includes all objects relating to land transportation and aerial trans-
portation; another hall, marine transportation; another hall, metrol-
ogy and mechanical transmission of intelligence. This Avorlc re-
quired the full time of the diA'ision's force during the year.

The reports of the head curators in the natural history depart-
ments and of the curators in the department of arts and industries,
beginning on page 57. giA'e in detail the additions to and the Avork
on their collections during the year.

NATIONAL GALLERY OF ART.

The Xational Gallery of Art — the department of fine arts of
the Museum — continued in charge of Dr. W. H. Holmes, as curator,
tlie collections occup\'in2: mainly the central skylighted hall on
the first floor of the north Aving of the Natural HistorA' Buildiuir.
Good progress Avas made during the year in the accjuirement of art
Avorks and constant attention Avas given to all classes of exhibits
tio2y°— 20— 3

34 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

and especiall}' to the manner of their presentation to the puhlic. The
additions were not numerous, but comprise works and objects of ver}'
considerable museum vahie not, however, comparable in importance
with the accessions of the year before. Twenty works of painting and
sculpture were added, including eight loans. A model in plaster of a
monument entitled " The Victory of Liberty " by Branko Dechko-
vitch, the Jugo-Slay sculptor, accepted by the President in Paris,
France, as a gift to the United States, was received by the Museum
through the Department of State. Of \evy great historical and gen-
eral interest is the full-length statue in white marble by Mr. Francis
Derwent Wood, R. A., of William Pitt, gift of the Duchess of
jMarlborough and other American w^omen in Great Britain. Deeply
incised on the gray marble base is the inscription : " This statue of
William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, the British champion of American
Liberty, presented by American women living in the United King-
dom as a memorial of the hundred years peace between the two
kindred nations & as an expression of their love for the land of
their birth and the land of their adoption. 1815-1915." Among
the accessions of particular importance are two pieces of sculpture,
the gift of Mrs. Benjamin H. Warder: "The Greek Slave" by
Pliram Powers, a superb work, understood to be one of the several
replicas made by Powers with the assistance of a skilled Florentine
sculptor, the dimensions being three-fourtlis that of the original;
the second is a charming work, "The Sleeping Children" by Wil-
liam Rinehart, Rome, 1869. A conspicuous and very welcome
o-ift durinjr the year is the " Portrait of a Lady " by Andres Zorn,
1900, done in his very brilliant style. The Gallery is further
enriched by a " Portrait of John Muir," explorer, naturalist and
author, by Orlando Rouland, the gift of Mrs. E. H. Harriman;
and a half-length portrait of the Hon. Andrew D. White, by G.
Stanley Middleton, gift of Mr. Clifford D. Middleton. Additional
works are an oil painting by George Inness entitled " Elf Ground,"
gift of Mrs. Emily K. Andrews; and a portrait of Gen. Albert J.
Myer, first Chief Signal Officer of the U. S. Army and founder
of the U. S. Weather Bureau, by George P. A. Healy, bequest of
his daughter. Miss Viola Walden IMyer. The following were re-
ceived as loans: An oil painting "Portrait of San Lorenzo Guistini-
ano," attributed to Gentile Bellini, presented to the American Red
Cross by the City of Venice as a token of gratitude for the Avork
of the American Red Cross during the war with German}-, lent
by the American Red Cross through Mr. Stockton Axson, chairman
of the Red Cross Museum committee; an oil painting entitled "The
Philistines Attacked with the Plague" by Nicolas Poussin, color
sketch for his large picture in the Louvre, collection of Louis XIV,
lent by Dr. W. PI. Holmes; an oil painting "The HoW Famih^,"

EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 35

attributed to Raphael Urbinas, lent by Mr. Walter Swinney; a bust
in Carrara marble of the Hon. Champ Clark by Moses Wainer
Dykaar, lent by the artist ; three paintings, " Dedham Vale " by John
Constable, "" The Doctor's Visit ■' by Jan Steen, and " Christ in the
Temple'- by G. B. Tiepolo, lent by Ralph Cross Johnson; a portrait
of Dr. W. H. Dall by Wilford S. Conrow, lent by the artist; two
large vases, French faience, lent by Mrs. Benjamin H. Warder. On
request of Mr. Duncan Phillips, the portrait of Ellwood Hendrick,
by A. V. Tack, previously presented by him, was returned to him,
and a landscape, "The Island" by Echvard W. Redfield, was ac-
cepted in exchange.

Gratifying advance was made in the utilization of the fund pro-
vided by the will of Henry W. Ranger for the purchase of art works
which, under certain conditions, are to accrue to the National Gallery.
The provision of the document is as follows : " All pictures so pur-
chased are to be given by the Council to art institutions in America
or to any library or other institutions in America maintaining a
gallery open to the public, all such gifts to be upon the express con-
dition that the National Gallery at Washington, administered by the
Smithsonian Institute, shall have the option and right, without cost,
to take, reclaim and own any picture for their collection, provided
they exercise such option and right at any time during the five-year
period beginning ten years after the artist's death and ending fifteen
years after his death, and, if such option and right is not exercised
during such period, the picture shall remain and be the property of
the institution to Avhich it was first given.'' The selection of works
to be purchased by this fund is entrusted to a committee of the Na-
tional Acadeni}^ of Design, of which Mr. Edwin H. Blashfield, Presi-
dent of the Academy, is chairman and Mr. C. C. Curran, secretary.
During the year four paintings were purchased by this fund, two
of which—" Grey Day " by W. Granville- Smith, N. A., and " Even-
ing Tide, California'' by William Ritschel, N. A. — were duly for-
warded and are now on view in the Gallery ; the others are " The
Rapids" by W. E. Schofield, N. A., deposited in the Brooklyn
Museum and the " Orange Bowl " by Anna Fisher, the assignment of
which has not yet been announced. It is gratifjang to know that by
this bequest the Craller}' is assured of a number of worthy additions
each year.

During the year the Rev. Alfred Duane Pell continued to add to
his collection of art objects presented and lent to the Museum and
installed in the long room at the north end of the Gallery. The
installation was not yet complete at the close of the year and is si ill
unlabeled, but the importance of the varied and extensive gift is
clearly apparent.

36 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, ID'iO.

A miniber of paintin<rs. Aery generously lent to the Gallery dur-
ing this and previous years, were withdrawn. The list is as follows:
A painting, "■ In the Grand Canyon of the Colorado " by Thomas
INIoran, returned to j\Irs. J. AV. PoAvell : a painting. '*A Roclcy Moun-
tain Solitude ■' b}^ Thomas Moran, returned to the artist ; portrait
of ^laj. Gen. John P. Van Xess, returned to ^laj. J. Van Xess Philip ;
portraits of ^laj. E. Alexander Powell and Miss Clara J. Gordon,
by Wilford S. Conrow, returned to the artist: a painting, "Autumn"
by Thomas Cole, returned to Mrs. C. V. Purdy; four paintings:
"Interior"' attributed to Adrian von Ostade, "Interior" by L,
Fissette, picture of dogs by Z. Xoterman, and portrait of Eembrandt,
attributed to himself, returned to Mr. Benson B. Moore; two oil
paintings, "Portrait of Lamartine " and "Washington at Valley
Forge," returned to Mrs. Adelaide Powell: 12 oil paintings from
the collection by leading contemporary French and British artists,
lent by the American Federation of Arts through Miss Leila Mechlin,
secretary, returned to the Federation; 21 paintings, 2 bronzes and 2
casts in plaster by Edward Kemeys and other artists, returned to
Mrs. Laura Swing Kemeys; a painting, copy of INIurillo's " Beggars,"
returned to Mrs. Henry Wells ; wdter color, " Rhone Valley " by
John M. W. Turner, returned to Miss Elizabeth Ogden Adams; a
painting, "A Farnese Investiture," returned to Mrs. Estelle Bake-
well-Green ; a portrait of Mrs. Henrietta Auchmuty by Gilbert
Stuart, returned to Mrs. L. M. Chapman.

Among the numerous changes made in the installation of art works
may be mentioned the removal of a large painting, " The Battleship
Oregon," from the south room of the main hall to one of the rooms
devoted to Avorks relating to the World War. This line work was
loaned to the gallery February 7, 1917, by the artist, William F.
Halsall, of ProvincetoAvn, ^Massachusetts, whose death occurred No-
vember 10, 1919. The gallery is deeply indebted to Mr. Halsall for
the gift in 1916 of a superb painting " The Song of the Sea " now in
its place on the gallery walls. Removal of the battleship painting
from the gallery made it possible to restore to the gallery the very
large triptych, a fire etching by James AVilliam Fosdick, entitled
"Adoration of Saint Joan of Arc," belonging to the Evans collection.
Frecjuent changes and readjustments in installation of works were
made. Labels Avere added Avhere needed and the glass of most of the
paintings Avas removed and cleaned. jNIuch time Avas spent by the
curator in identifying the very large collection of plaster busts
of pnmiinent personages, mostly of past generations. OAving to the
failure of the sculptor or of the custodian of casts in the early days
to mark the busts a number cannot noAV be identified. It should be
stated, hoAvever, that many of these l)usts are of persons prominent in
history, literature, or science and are not as a Avhole of a degree of

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020. 37

excellence perniittinp; their assignment to the <ijallery as works of art.
The preparation of a catalogue of the gallery bringing the record up
to date was carried to practical completion. The last issue of the
catalogue, prepared by Assistant Secretary Rathbun, is dated 1916,
and it is regarded as important that a new edition be printed as soon
as practicable. The present catalogue embodies, with an appro-
priate introduction, a simple list of the works now in the gallery and
a reference list of artists M'ith brief biogra])hies.

The membership of the AdA'isory Committee on the National Gal-
lery of Art remains the same as heretofore : Dr. W. H. Holmes,
chairman; and Messrs. Edwin H. Blashfield, Herbert Adams, Doug-
las Volk, and Edmund C. Tarbell.

The National Art Committee, a voluntary organization formed for
the purpose of securing portraits by American artists of all indi-
viduals prominently connected with the AVorld War and the Peace
Conference, reports that Avork on the project has proceeded vigor-
ously. At the present time portraits have been painted of quite a
number of the leading officers of the various armies and of the lead-
ing civilians connected with the peace negotiations. It is expected
that all will soon be completed. AVlien finished the paintings will
be exhibited in some of the larger cities of the country and then be
turned over to the National Gallery of Art for a National Portrait
Gallery. It Avill be the finest historical series of its kind that can
possibly be obtained, and all the expense is provided for by subscrip-
tions of people interested in the movement. Mr. Henry White of
Washington, a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution and one of
the United States Commissioners to the Peace Conference, is hon-
orary chairman of tlie committee, Mr. Herbert L. Pratt of New York
City its secretary and treasurer, and the members are scattered in
all parts of the United States.

Doctor Holmes attended the Eleventh Annual CouA-ention of the
American Federation of Arts, held in the Metropolitan Museum of
Art, as the representative of the National Gallery, May 19-21, 1920.
The meetings Avere Avell attended, and the discussions covered a AA-ide
range of important subjects. He also had the opportunity of at-
tending the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the founda-
tion of the ^letropolitan Museum. Avhich comprised a session during
Tuesday deA'oted to memorial exercises, and a banquet in the eA'ening.

It is a matter of particular felicitation that in June Congress
granted a fund sufficient to permit the organization of the Gallery
as a separate unit of the Smithsonian foundation and to proAide a
modest curatorial staff, thus relieving the Museum of a rai>idly
groAving burden and at the same time affording the long dela\'ed
opportunity of laying the foundation requisite to a reasonable and
symmetric development of the nation's Gallery of Art.

38 REPORT OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1&20.

FREER COLLECTIONS.

It is "with regret that I have to record the death of Charles Lanij
Freer in New York City on September 25, 1919, at the age of 63
years. In 1906 Mr. Freer presented to the Smithsonian Institution
liis collections of xVmerican and Oriental art npon condition that
they should remain in his possession during his life, and at the same
time he provided in his will $500,000 for the erection by the Smith-
sonian Institution of a suitable building for housing them near the
National Museum. He reserved the right to add to the collections,
and in the intervening years he has about tripled the number of
objects originally transferrexl by title to the Institution. Increasing
the building- fund to one million dollars and waiving the original
conditions, Mr. Freer in 1915 decided upon the earl}^ erection of the
structure and the transfer of the collections to Washington. That
]Mr. Freer was not permitted to see the consummation of his plans
for the development of the art interests of his country is great!}" de-
plored, as his experience and advice would be invaluable in inaugurat-
ing this independent unit of the National Gallery of Art which he
so generously provided. The building and collections represent an
outlay of some six or seven million dollars and constitute one of the
most important and valued donations which any individual has ever
made freely and unconditional!}" to the nation.

Tlie Building for the Freer Collections, on the southwestern corner
of the Smithsonian Reservation, was begun in 1916 by the Institution
from funds donated by Mr. I'reer, and presents an exterior of pink
granite, with a frontage on the Mall of 228 feet, a depth of 185
feet and a height of 46 feet, and with an open central court about
65 feet square. Beautiful and effective in general design, it shows
in interior plan a thorough adaptation to the requirements of the
collections, both as to space and to lighting, with such facilities as
makes it practically an independent unit of the Smithsonian group.
Above the ground level, the structure consists only of a basement
and main story, the former liglited by windows, the latter principally
by skylights, leaving the upper part of the walls essentially un-
pierced except for the entrances, of which that on the north front
comprises three large arched openings.

The main story will be entirely demoted to exhibition ]:)urposes
and is divided into 19 galleries of varying sizes reached by wide
corridors, each gallery designed for a particular subject or class of
objects. The Whistler collection will occupy five of these rooms.
The central court is a special feature of this story, large arched
openings lighting the adjoining corridors and loggias. In the base-
ment, which is a Avell lighted story, are located large studios (or
study rooms), rooms for the storage of such parts of the collections
as are not on exhibition, a lecture liall, an office for the curator,
and Avork and comfort rooms, furnishing in fact all necessary con-

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 39

veniences for administration, for serious studj^ and for popular in-
struction. The entire a^-ailable floor space of the main and basement
stories aggregates some 55,000 square feet, about equally divided
between the two floors. A sub-basement provides space for the
appliances connected with the heating, lighting, and ventilation of
the building, but steam and electric current will be supplied from the
central plant of tlie Museum.

During the past year this building has been brought nearl}" to
completion, despite delays now characteristic of the building busi-
ness. The chief items unfinished by the contractor at the close of
the year were the glazing of the ceiling lights in several of the
galleries (due to excessive breakage of imported glass), the reflector
lighting above the ceiling lights, the installation of register faces,
and the completion of the painting of the gallerj^ walls. The central
court has-been carefully laid out wdth walks, gardens and fountain.
The temporary fence has been removed from about the building,
and arrangements made with the Officer in Charge of Public Build-
ings and Grounds for laying out the driveways to the building and
otherwise improving the grounds immediately surrounding it.

While the exact number of specimens in the Freer Collections will
not be known until actualh' delivered to the Institution, in 1918 they
exceeded 6,000, of which something over 1,000 were American and
of these four-fifths were the Avork of Whistler, including his famous
Peacock Room. The Oriental collection, some 5,000 items, consisted
of Cliinese and Japanese paintings on screens, panels, kakemono,
makimono, and albums; of pottery, chiefly from Japan, Korea, China.
Mesopotamia, Persia, and Egypt; of Egyptian glass; and of figures,
statuettes, sculptures, mirrors, boxes, etc., in bronze, stone, wood,
lacquer, etc. The collections also contain some important ancient
Biblical manuscripts obtained in Egypt.

About the middle of the year the Peacock Room, that celebrated
decoration executed by Whistler as a setting for his painting " La
Princesse ", Avas transferred from the residence of Mr. Freer in
Detroit and set up complete in a room specially designed for its
reception at the southeastern corner of the building. By the close
oi the year the executors of Mr. Freer's estate had begun to ship to
Washington other portions of the Freer Collections. These will be
stored in the various storage quarters in the building until the struc-
ture is entirely completed and the installation of the collections can
be undertaken.

It will be recalled that the Freer Gallery is designed to accommo-
date only the Freer Collections, and to provide for the study and
appreciation of their varied contents, which supph' a vast amount
of material for research work by specialists. Its conipletion, though
insuring an incalculable gain for the Museum and the public, will

40

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1D20.

not, therefore, satisf}^ any of the needs set forth in the last report in
respect to additional space for the national collections.

VISITORS.

The number of visitors to the Natural History Building durinir the
year aggregated 321,568 for week days and 101,416 for Sundays, be-
ing a dail}^ average of 1,024 for the former and 1,950 for the latter.
At the Arts and Industries Building, Avhich is open only during the
week, the total attendance was 250,982, a daily average of 799. The
Smithsonian Building, like the Arts and Industries Building, is or-
dinarily only open to visitors on week da3's, but an exception was
made for a few Sundays in March and April. 1920, Avhen there was
on exhibition a series of exquisite Avater color paintings of wild'
flowers by Mrs. C. D. AValcott. The total attendance in this build-
ing for the year was 84,223 on week days and 1,790 on- the five
Sundays, averaging 268 for the former and 358 for the latter.

It is highly desirable that all three buildings should be open at
least a part of each Sunday to give persons employed during the
week an opportunity to view the nation's collections. This will be
possible when additional funds are provided to cover the extra
watchmen and other attendants required.

The following tables show, respectively, the attendance of visitors
during each month of the past year, and for each year since 1881,
Avhen the building now devoted to arts and industries was first oc-
cupied.

Nidiihcr of vi-'iit'n-s diiriiifj lite year cnOliig Jidic 30, l'J20.

Year anrt month.

1919

July

August

September

October

November

December

1920

January

February

Mai eh

Apri <

May

June

Total '..

Museum Buildings.

Arts and
Indus-
tries.

Natural
History.

24,75.5
29, 501
29, 697
21,401
IS, 971
13,149

11,491
10, 1<W
15,815
23, 207
27,550
25, 271

250, 9.S2

33,631
45, 392
44, 974
36,906
38, 420
23, 751

22, 914

21, 740
32,204
38. 954
46, 0S9
3S. 009

422 J84

Smithso-
nian
Building.

7,812
9,594
9, 690
7, 245
5,875
4,992

4,264
3,439
6,371
8,121
9,978
8,632

86, 013

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 41

Kumber of visitors to the Mti^ciim find Smithsoiiiai} hiiiUJiiujs since 1881.

Museum buildings.

Year.

ISSl ;...

1SS2

1KS3

18M (half year).
1884-S5(fiscal year)

1885-S6

1886-87

1887-88

1888-89

1889-90

1890-91

1891-92

1892-93

1893-94

1891-95

1895-96

1896-97

1897-98

1898-99

1899-1900

1900-1

Arts and
Indus-
tries.

Natural
History.

150,000
167,455
202, 18S
97, 661
205^026
174,225
216, 562
249, 665
374, 843
274, 324
286, 426
269, 825
319,9.30
195, 748
201, 744
180, 505
229, 606
177,2.54
192, 471
225, 440
216, 556

Smith-
sonian
Building.

100,000
152, 744
104,823

45, 565
105, 993

88, 960

98, 552
102, 863
149,618
120,894
111,669
114,817
174,188
103, 910
105,058
103,650
115,709

99,273
116,912
133,147
151,563

Museum buildings.

Year.

1901-2. . .
1902-3...
1903-4...
1904-5...
190.5-6. . -
19U6-7...
1907-8...
1908-9...
1909-10..
1910-11..
1911-12..
1912-13..
1913-14, .
1914-15..
1915-16. .
1916-17..
1917-18..
1918-19..
1919-20. .

Arts and
Indus-
tries.

173,888
31.5,307
220, 778
235, 921
210,880
210, 107
299, 659
245, 187
228, 804
207, 010
172,182
173,858
146,533
1,33, 202
146, 9.56
161,700
161,298
206, 532
250, 982

Natural
History.

50, 403
151,112

281,887
319, 806
329,381
321, 712
381,228
407, 025
401, 100
1 132, 859
422, 984

Total I 8,568,244 ' 3,199,497

Smith-

sonim

Buililing.

144, 107

181,174

143, 988

149,380

149,661

153, 591

237, 182

198, 0.54

179, 163

167, 085

14.3, 134

142,420

102,645

40, .324

48,517

86, 335

67, 224

101,504

8t,013

4, 922, 009

1 Building open only three months of the year.
PUBLICATIONS.

The publications of the year comprised 9 vohimes and 42 separate
papers. The former consisted of the Annual Keport of the Museum
for 1919; volumes 54, 55, and 56 of the Proceed i n gs ; volume 21 of
(Contributions from the National Herbarium, Bulletins Nos. 106
(Text), 107 and lOS, and a very small edition of Bulletin No. 103.

Of the 42 papers issued in separate form one Avas part of volume
1, and one of volume 2, of Bulletin 100; one part of Bulletin 103;
four parts of volume 20, and t^vo of volume 22, " Contributions from
the United States National Herbarium''; while one was from volume
55, 16 from volume 56, and 16 from volume 57 of the Proceedings.
A brief guide to the Natural History Building was also issued.

In addition to the Museum publications, many contributions based
on material in its collections were printed by other bureaus of the
(jovernment. All of the publications above referred to are cited in
the bibliography forming part of this report. The editorial office,
besides suiDervising the printing of the Museum publications, also
has charge of all miscellaneous printing and binding.

The distribution of volumes and separates to libraries and indi-
viduals on the regular mailing li.sts aggregated 67,382 copies, in
addition to Avhich some 14.554 copies of the publications of last and
previous years were suj^plied in response to special applications.

42 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1&20.

LIBRARY.

While there were no exceptional pieces contributed to the library,
there Avas a collection of special importance — the personal library
of Dr. Charles D. Walcott. The intimate connection of Dr. Wal-
cott with the paleontological collections of the Museum as head
of that division and later as Secretary of the Smithsoniaii Institu-
tion, makes the sectional libraries of vertebrate and invertebrate
paleontology of the Museum difficult of duplication. Tlie interest
of Dr. W. H. Dall in books for the sectional librarj^ of mollusks
has continued, the number of titles added being 310. Valuable
material has been contributed also by Maj. Gen. John R. Brooke.
r. 8. Army, Dr. A. G. B0ving, Dr.' F. H. Knowlton. Dr. J. M.
Aldrich, Dr. W. H. Holmes, Mr. W. R. Maxon, Dr. O. P. Hay, Dr.
Marv J. Rathbun, Dr. C. W. Richmond, Mr. William Schaus, Mr.
A. H. Clark, Dr. Walter Hough, Mr. A. N. Caudell, and the late
Frederick Knab.

Owing to the increase^! cost of binding, the library's funds allotted
for that purpose were exhausted in January, and it has been pos-
sible to send to the Government bindery only T37 books, as com-
pared with 1,322 for the previous fiscal year and 1,706 for the year
preceding. With a constantly increasing supply of volumes, and
many remaining still unbound, an increased allotment is needed,
in order that the important and valuable series in the IMuseum may
be properly preserved.

The increment, largely obtained through gift and exchange,
amounted to 3,513 volumes, including 1,932 completed volumes and
1,581 pamphlets. There are now in the Library 145,307 books, of
which 56,617 are bound volumes and 88,690 pamphlets and unbound

paj)ers.

mp:etings and congresses.

The auditorium and committee rooms of the Museum were utilized,
as usual, for meetings and lectures by Governmental, scientific and
other educational organizations.

The U. S. Department of Agriculture availed itself freely of the
facilities. The Department held a meeting of fertilizer manufac-
turers in rooms 42-3 on October 6 and 7, 1919, in connection with
an investigation of fertilizer prices. States Relations Service had
the use of the auditorium on several forenoons, — on October 6 for a
meeting of the emploj^ees of ihat Service, at which Dr. A. C. True
spoke of the Service's activities; on November 20, for showing a
series of motion pictures ; on February 3, 1920, for showing a series
of slides and a reel relating to its activities, and again on March 30,
for a meeting of its emplo3'ees. The Service also occupied rooms

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 43

42-3 and 44 from June 15 to 22 for a conference of its farm man-
agement demonstrators from all parts of the country. The Potomac
Garden Chib, organized under the auspices of the States Rehitions
Service, hehl its annual meeting and election of officers in the
auditorium on the evening of January 24, 1020. The Bureau of
Plant Industry held a phytopathological seminar in the hall on the
morning of January 29,' and the Federal Horticultural Board oc-
cupied it for morning and afternoon sessions on April G, and rooms
42-3 for a morning session next clay, in a public hearing to consider
the advisability of quarantining the States of Texas and Louisiana
on account of the pink bollworm of cotton.

The War Department used the auditorium on the afternoon of
May 28, 1920, for the closing exercises of the Army Medical School,
session 1919-1920, with an address by the Secretary of War, Plon.
Newton D. Baker, and the presentation of diplomas and medals. »

Music is more and more becoming a feature in the museums of this
countr}^, and, while the National Museum possesses a good series of
musical instruments, particularl}^ representative of the pianoforte,
it has little opportunity to further the interpretation of rhythm and
harmony. It therefore welcomed the use of the auditorium on the
evening ^f January 31 for an official musical entertainment by the
United States Marine Corps, Avhen " Roving Marines '' was presented,
illustrating the work of a recruiting and publicity party of the U. S.
Marine Corps.

The fourth Hamilton Fund lecture was delivered in the hall on
the evening of April 13, by the Rev. Dr. Charles E. Jefferson, the
pastor of the Broadway Tabernacle Church, New York City, who,
under the title "" The Old Order and the New,'' discussed the present
Avorld-wide unrest and means for combating it. By request of James
Hamilton, of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, the Smithsonian Institution
received in 1874 a small sum, known as the Hamilton Fund, the in-
come of which is appropriated from time to time for a contribution,
paper or lecture on a scientific or useful subject.

Another timely lecture was that under the auspices of the National
Research Council on February 6, by Dr. John J. Carty, Vice Presi-
dent of the American Telephone and -Telegraph Co., on the wireless
telephone, illustrated by talking motion pictures.

The municipal government too benefited by the IMuseum's facili-
ties. The District of Columbia Minimum Wage Board created by act
of Congress approved September 17, 1918, "to protect the women
and minors of the District from conditions detrimental to their
health and morals resulting from wages which are inadequate to
maintain decent standards of living," had the hall on the evening of
November 20 to bring together the women employed in the hotels,

44 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, l'J20.

restaurants, apai;tment lioiises, and hospitals of Washington, that
they might sekn-t representatives to serve on the minimum wage con-
ference for this industry. The auditorium was also placed at the
disposal of Mrs. Susan Sipe Albuiiis, in charge of nature study and
gardening courses in the Public Schools of tlie District of Columbia,
for lantern slide talks on trees, birds and gardens before children
of the public schools of south ^^'ashington, on March 3, 4 and 8,
there being no public school auditorium in the vicinity.

The annual meeting of the National Academy of Sciences was held
in the jNIuseum on April 26, 27, and 28, the auditorium being used
for the presentation of scientific papers in open session, and the
committee rooms for the business sessions. The AYilliam Ellery
Hale lectures on the evening of April 26, by Mr. Harlow Shapley of
Mount "Wilson Solar Observatory and jNIr. Ileber D. Curtis of Lick
Observatory, took the form of a discussion on ''The Scale of the
Universe " and was exceedingly interesting. A conversazione fol-
loAved in the National Gallery of Art and the adjoining halls of the
Museum.

Other speakers before the Academy and their subjects included:
John M. Clarke : Conservation of natural resources as a proper func-
tion of the National Academy; Eaymond Pearl: On the rate of
growth of the population of the United States since 1790 and its
mathematical expression; Franz Boas: Growth and development as
determined by environmental influences; Charles B. Davenport:
Plural birtlis in man; Samuel J. Meltzer: The importance of the
presence of both sympathetic superior cervical ganglia to the main-
tenance of life, and their possible relations to respiratory diseases;
Charles D. Walcott: Structure of Marrella and allied Middle Cam-
brian crustaceans; James R. Angell : The National Pesearch Council;
Robert M. Yerkes: A psychological study of the medical officers in
the Army; Robert W. Wood: Spectroscopic phenomena of very
long vacuum tubes; L. T. E. Thompson, C. N. Hickman, and N.
Riifolt : The measurement of small time intervals and some appli-
ances, principally ballistic; Robert A. Millikan: The effect of molec-
ular structure upon the reflection of molecides from the surface of
liquids and solids; Arthur G. AVebster: (1) The Springfield rifle and
the Leduc formulae, (2) Some new methods in internal ballistics of
the Springfield rifle, (3) Preliminary measurements on the pres-
sures in the " Onde de Choc," and (4) On the connection of the
•specific heats Avith the equation of state of gas; George E. Hale: Tlie
lOO-inch Hooker telescope of the Mount Wilson Observatory; A. A.
Michelson : (1) The vertical interferometer, (2) Preliminary tests
in an attempt to measure the diameter of the stars, and (3) A modi-
fication of the Foucault method adapted to long distance measure-

EEPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, l'J20. . 45

ment of the velocity of li^ht ; Edwin H. Hall : Theniud conductivity
of metals; C. Hart Merriam : Distribiitimi and villages of the Indian
tribes of the Klamath River region, California; John C. Merriam:
Siirnificance of correlation in function between the dentition and
skeleton of the fSabre-tooth tiger; George II. I*arker: On the colonial
nervous system of Kenilla ; Douglas H. Campbell : The genus Botry-
chium and its relationships; Frederick V. Coville: The influence of
cold in stimulating the growth of plants; Thomas B. Osborne and
Lafayette B. Mendel: Some common foods as sources of vitamines;
LaAvrence J. Henderson: The physico-chemical properties of haemo-
irlobin ; William A. Noves and George H. Coleman : The direct com-
bination of nitrogen and chlorine; Gilbert N. Lewis: Valance and
chemical affinity; William F. Durand : Shock or water ram in pipe
lines with imperfect reflection at the discharge end and including the
effect of friction and nonuniform change of valve opening; Leonard
E. Dickson: Recent notable progress in the theory of numbers;
Edward Kasner : Geodesies and relativity ; F, E. Pernot : The .use of
alternating currents for submarine cable transmission; George O.
Squier: Multiplex telephony and telegraphy over open-circuit bare
wires laid in the earth or sea; Lyman J. Briggs: The air resistance
of spheres; Robert H. Goddard : The possibilities of the rocket in
weather forecasting; H, Fielding Reid : The distribution of land and
water on the earth; AValdemar Lindgren : The alteration of lime-
stones in contract-metamorphism ; Henry Xorris Russell : Notes on
the internal constitution of the stars; Charles Greeley Abbot: New
observations on the variability of the sun.

The following papers were read by title only : Raymond Pearl :
On a single numerical index of the age distribution of a population ;
Edward S. Dana: Biographical memoir of George Jarvis Brush;
Mabel Weil : Reports on the researches of the late Prof. C. C. Trow-
l)ridge {a) Auroras and magnetic disturbances (6) Auroral phe-
nomena and the meteor train zone {c) An investigation of meteor
trains (d) Theories on the nature of meteor trains.

On May 17, 18 and 19, 1920, the American Association of Museums
held its fifteenth annual meeting in the National Museum. This
association had its origin in a meeting in the Museum in 1905, Avhen
the directors of nine prominent American nuiseums gathered here.
It was formally organized in New York City the following year,
and Avith a constantly increasing membership and well directed
efforts it has come to be recognized as an exceedingly important
factor in the advancement and direction of the museum movement
throughout the country. The meeting this spring afforded oppor-
tunity to learn of the changes and progress made during the strenu-
ous years since 1916, when the Association last met in AVashington,

43 REPORT OF E^ATIOITAL, MUSEUM, 1920.

including its corj)oration this year under the laws of the Dis-
trict of Columbia. Aside from its business sessions the program
consisted of :

Address of welcome, by Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution and Keeper ex officio of the United States National Museum.

Response, by Prof. Paul M. Ilea, President of the Association.

Children's work at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, by Miss Anna Curtis
Chandler, Museum Instructor, Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Demonstration story hour for children, by Miss Chandler and Miss Margaret
Tucker, Curator, Cambridge Museum for Children — ^before children from the
Washington Public Schools. —

Discussion of educational methods in nmseums, by ML-^s Aima B. Gallup,
Curator, Children's Museum, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences.

Basilica or temple, by Benjamin Ives Oilman, Secretary, Museum of Fine Arts,
Boston.

New groups in the Illinois State Museum, by A. R. Crook, Chief, Illinois
State Museum.

Some principles of group construction, by Laurence Y. Coleman, Chief, De-
partment of Preparation and Exhibits, American Museum of Natural History.
Discussion led by Roy W. Miner.

Microscopic forms in museum groups, by Roy W. Miner, Associate Curator,
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History.

Habitat groups at the Fairbanks Museum, by Miss Inez Addle Howe, Bot-
anist and Instructor, Fairbanks Museum, St. Johnsbury, Vt.

The American Museum and Temple of Music, by Miss Alice A. Driggs,
Foundei-, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Mounting geological specimens with sulphur, by Chester A. Reeds, Associate
Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology', American Museum of Natural History.
Discussion led by Dr. Edmund Otis Hovey.

Exhibit furniture used by the Department of Agriculture at Fairs and Expo-
sitions, by Frank Lamson Scribner, Expert on Exhibits, U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

A microscopic view of the blood circulation (motion pictures), by Charles F.
Herm, Cinema biologist and photomicroscopist, of Harrison, N. Y. Discussion
led by Charles R. Toothaker.

A museum of fine arts in Utopia, by Huger Elliott, Supervisor of Educational
Work, Museum of Fine Arts', Boston. Discussion led by Clyde H. Burroughs.

A museum for children, by Dr. Charles J. Douglas, Chairman of the Board of
Trustees, Children's Museum of Boston. Discussion led by Miss Delia I. Griffin.

The small historical museum, by Dr. Frank H. Severance, Secretary and
Treasurer, Buffalo Historical Society. Discussion led by Dr. Melvin R. Gilmore.

A living outdoor museum, by Dr. Melvin R. Gilmore, Curator, State Historical
Society, Bismark, N. D. Discussion led by W. C. Mills.

A city museum, its history and development, by Edward D. Putnam, Curator,
Rochester Municipal Museum, Rochester. N. Y. Discussion led by Dr. Frank H.
Severance.

The exhibition series of l)irds and nmnimals in the United States Natif>nn]
Museum by Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, Wasliington, D. C.

The members of the Museums Association inspected the adjacent
building for the Freer Collections, on the afternoon of May 18, under
the guidance of Mr. \\ . dcC. Iiavenel, Administrative Assistant to

REPORT OF NATIOjSTAL MUSEUM, 1920. 47

tho Secretary, in Charge of the National ISIuseiim. The buikling was
sufficiently complete to give the visitors an idea of the extent of the
generous gift of the late Charles L. Freer, who donated his art col-
lections to the nation and then provided this structure, the latest
thing in gallery planning, to house them. Opportunity was also af-
forded for the inspection of the various laboratories and work shops
of the Museum, as well as of the methods used for preservation of
prints and manuscripts at the Library of Congress. The meeting-
closed with an evening round table session at Great Falls of the
Potomac.

The Museum auditorium, auditorium lobby, and committee rooms
42-3 were occupied from October 28 to November G by the First
International Congress of Working "Women, a unique convention of
women from all parts of the world. As the International Labor Con-
gress summoned by the President of the United States in the autumn
of 1919 included on its program items intimately concerning working
Avomen, the National Women's Trade L^nion League of America, rep-
resenting 600,000 trade unionists, issued a call for this women's con-
gress to meet in Washington immediately preceding the Labor Con-
gress, in the belief that women must now assume new^ responsibilities
and that fellowship and conference together could alone guarantee
mutual faith and joint action, which should make for universal indus-
trial justice.

The Delaware Eiver Ship Builders Council had the auditorium on
February 9, 10 and 11, 1920, for a conference of workers in various
navy yards and shipyards of the United States, in reference to the
Government's shipbuilding and shipping program.

The American Association of Anatomists held its annual meetinir
in the Museum April 1, 2 and 3, using committee rooms 42-3 for
morning and afternoon sessions except the last afternoon session,
Avhich was in the auditorium. Rooms 45, 46, and 47 were also placed
at the disposal of the Association for demonstration purposes. And
the fifth annual meeting of the American Society of Ichtyhologists
and Herpetologists was called to order in the committee room on
May 14, 1920.

The delegates to the annual convention in Washington of the
American Pharmaceutical Association, on the occasion of an inspec-
tion of the Museum's collections on the morning of Mav 6, were iriven
a special exhibition in tlie auditorium of a motion picture film show-
ing scenes in the National Forests, lent b}' the U. S. Department of
Agriculture.

The Southern Sociological Congress had the hall on May 10, 11,
32, and 13 for morning and afternoon sessions of its ninth annual
convention, the other sessions of which were held elsewhere. This
non-partisan and non-sectarian movement is devoted entirely to the

48 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 10'20.

work of hiiinan uplift and social service, its motto being " Every
citizen as patriotic in community service as the soldier Avas in war
service."

The Southern Society of Washington arranged a lyceum in the
auditorium on five Wednesday evenings, open to the public as well
as to its members. On February 4, Hon. Philander P. Claxton, Com-
missioner of Education, gave an interesting talk on a national system
of education. On February 18, the Hon. J. Thomas Heflin of Ala-
bama discussed preparedness and some of the important problems of
the day, including the Peace Treaty and the League of Xations. On
JNfarch 3 Senator Duncan U. Fletcher of Florida delivered an inspir-
ing address on some present peace problems, which was folloAved by a
musical program. On ]March IT, after a brief business session, Mr.
Claude N. Bennett, past President of the Society, spoke on the
Southern Kenaissance, or the South of today and tomorrow, illus-
trated with pictures showing conditions of the past and the present.
The last lecture, on March 31, Avas by ]Mr. John Barrett, Director of
the Pan American Union, his subjects being the influence of women
m tlie past and future, and the Pan American Union, what it means
to the world and what it has accomplished for the United States and
tlie Western Hemisphere.

The Anthropological Society of AVashington, as usual, used the
]\Iuseum for its gatlierings of the 1910-1020 season, holding meet-
ings betAveen October 7 and April 28, all in the committee room
except that on the afternoon of February 3, when the larger assembly
room Avas recjuired for an illustrated lecture by Mr. S3dvanus Gris-
Avold Morley on the foremost civilization of ancient America. The
subjects discussed in other meetings included field experiences by
Messrs. J. Walter FeAvkes, J. P. Harrington. J. X. B. HcAvitt, AValter
Hough, A. Hrdlicka, N. M. Judd, T. Michelson, J. R. Swanton, and
F. La Flesclie; and lectures by Dr. J. Walter FcAvkes on the genesis
of cliff-dAvellings, by INIr. Gerard FoAvke on the explorations of caves
in the Ozark region, ISlissouri, and by Mr. J. A. Jeancon on antiqui-
ties of the Jemez Pleateau. Xcav iNIexico, The auditorium Avas also
used, on the evening of ^Nlarch G, for a lecture by Dr. AV. H. E. Rivers,
of (^'ambridge, England, on "" Ethnology : Its Aims and Xeeds," under
the joint auspices of the Anthropological Society and the AVashing-
ton Academy of Sciences ; and on the afternoon of April 16 for a lec-
ture by Sir Bertram Windle, tlie eminent English anthropologist, on
the megalithic monuments of Great Britain, under the auspices of
tlie AA'^ashington Society of the Archaeological Institute of America.

The Audubon Society of the District of Columbia had the audi-
torium on tAvo evenings — on January 27, 1020, for its annual meet-
ing Avith an illustrated lecture by Dr. Paul Bartsch on the birds of

REPORT OF IvTATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 49

the District of Columbia, and on March 20 for a lecture by Dr. Wil-
liam L. Finley, State Ornitholooist of Orci>;on, on wild game, illus-
trated by motion pictures. On Januar}' 28 the Wild FloAver Preser-
vation Societ}?^ met in the committee room.

" The Cost of Living from the Consumer's Standpoint " was the
subject of an evening meeting of the Consumers' League of the Dis-
trict of Columbia in the hall on September 6, with addresses by Hon.
William B. Colver, of the Federal Trade Commission, and Mrs.
Florence Kelley, General Secretary of the League.

Under the committee for " Be Kind to Animals Week" Mr. Ernest
Harold Baines gave an illustrated lecture in the auditorium on April
14 on the part plaj^ed by the animals in the war, and room 422 was
utilized on the morning of May 11 for organizing a " Good to Ani-
mals Society."

The U. S. S. Jacob Jones Post No. 2 of the American Leaion
celebrated its first anniversary with addresses by the Secretary of
the 'Navy, Hon. Josephus Daniels, Hon. James A. Frear, and Col.
E, Lester Jones, in the auditorium on the evening of May 22, 1920.

Prizes for the Evening Star Army Enlistment Essa3^s were
aw^arded in the auditorium on the evening of Maj^ 8, instead of in
the Smithsonian Park as first planned, because of inclement
weather.

The auditorium was also used by the Washington Societj^ of Engi-
neers on the evening of November 19, 1919, for a general discussion
of the preliminary report of Engineering Council's Committee on
Classification and Compensation of Government Engineers, to which
all engineers in Washington Avere invited, and by the AVashington
section of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers on the
evening of January 29, 1920.

The work of the Congressional Joint Commission on Reclassifica-
tion of Salaries created great activity among the civil emploj^ees of
the Government in the District of Columbia, and the Museum audi-
torium accordingly afforded a meeting place for the Scientific-
Technical Section of the Federal Employees Union No. 2 on Septem-
ber 23, to complete the organization of the section by the adoption
of a constitution and by-law^s and the election of officers ; on Novem-
ber 10 for a sj-mposium in which Dr. E. A. Golden weiser and Mr.
Basil Manley discussed the principles involved in the fixing of sal-
aries; on November 25 for an address by Prof. Irving Fisher, of
Yale University, on the purchasing power of salaries ; and on March
11 for addresses by Drs. C. E. McClung and H. M. Howe of the
National Research Council on the work being done by that organiza-
tion. The Smithsonian Branch of the Federal Employees Union
No. 2 occupied room 42-3 on October 14 for its annual meeting, and
9525°— 20 i

50 EEPOET or NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

for business meetings on July 19, November 3, November 10, and
March 5.

Various other groups of civil employees met in the Museum for
organizing, preparing data, and otherwise helping toward the re-
classification of the government forces in Washington, the audito-
rium being so used by federal employees interested in the bookkeep-
ing, accounting and auditing service on November 21 ; by the clerical
force of the Department of Agriculture on November 25 and Decem-
ber 3 ; and by the employees of the Bureau of Plant Industry of that
Department on November 15. Committee room 42-3 was likewise
occupied by the federal photographers on November 11 ; by the ma-
rine and stationary operating engineers on November 28, December 4,
xtiarch 24 and April 14; by the sub-committee on personnel of the
Reclassification Committee on November 22 and December 3 ; and
by members of the Museum's scientific staff on November 24 and
December 13.

Eoom 42-3 was also used for meetings of the Association of
Appointment Clerks on June 9; the Smithsonian Auxiliary of the
District of Columbia Chapter of the American Red Cross on June 11,
and for the annual meeting of the Smithsonian Relief Association
on October 27.

Armistice Day, November 11, 1919, was duly celebrated by a gath-
ering of all the officers and employees of the Smithsonian and its
bureaus in the Museum auditorium, where at 11 : 11 a. m. all joined
in singing " The Star Spangled Banner," under the direction of Mr.
J. G. Traylor, and saluting the flag, led by Mr. H. W. Dorsey.

In compliance with a request from Commissioner Brownlow,
Secretary Walcott authorized the use of the south steps of the Nat-
ural History Building for staging a part of the festival by the
Fourth of July Peace Celebration Committee on the afternoon of
July 4, 1919, The program included a series of tableaux depicting
the negro race from its origin down to the present time. About
fifty persons represented the characters in this part of the festival,
and the domestic, mechanical, and musical instruments needed to
complete the i)ictures in the different groups were loaned by the
Museum.

SPECIAL EXHIBITIONS.

Under the auspices of the Arts Club of Washington and in the
interest of the National Peace Carillon movement, a special exhibition
of illustrations of the famous bell towers of the world was held in
rooms 46 and 47 of the Natural History Building from October 2 to
31 inclusive. The Arts Club has undertaken to enlist the cooperation
of all lovers of freedom in furthering a plan to erect at the nation's

EEPOET OF ITATIONAL MUSEUM, 1&20. ' 51

capital a national peace tower and the largest and finest carillon that
the most expert bell founders of the world can provide, as a tribute
to the heroic resistance of Belgium, in recollection of our dead and
those oi our allies and in enduring commemoration of the great vic-
tory won over imperialism.

This exhibition consisted of about two hundred and fifty items, all
told, including the Jan Baes collection of Belgian Towers, fifty in num-
ber, and photographs of Belgian scenes and of Spanish towers, all
loaned by the Library of Congress ; twenty-four Sketches, etchings and
prints intimately connected with the carillons of Belgium andHolland,
loaned by Mr. William Gorham Kice ; twenty-six large etchings and
prints loaned by Mr, S. J. Venable; thirteen sketches by Mr. L. M.
Leisenring; a number Qf tower pictures loaned by Trinity Church,
and a large number of photographs and small prints loaned by Dr.
Erwin F. Smith. Included in the exhibiton were also a considerable
number of photographs of modern chime and carillon bells, loaned
by Mr. J. Marion Shull, and a photostat reproduction contributed by
Mr. Grant Leet, showing the programs of the Denyn concerts at
Malines during the summer of 1919.

An exhibiton of drawings, photographs and paintings illustrating
the activities of the Air Service of the United States Army at the
front and in America was opened to the public at 2.30 p. m. on
October 4, 1919, and closed at 4.30 p. m. on October 29, 1919. The
eastern portion of the west north range, ground floor. Natural His-
tory Building, was assigned to Captain Otho Cushing, who was in
charge of the exhibit, and the pictures were hung on the south wall
of the range and attached to floor screens.

ORGANIZATION AND STAFF.

The Congressional appropriations for the maintenance of the
Museum remaining stationary for many years has prevented any
general advancement of salaries, though greatly needed, and the
Museum has not only been unable to add even a few of the experts
needed to assist in the classification of specimens in the recently
organized department of arts and industries as well as in the long-
estiiblishecl natural history departments, but has lost many of its
former trained workers. The crowded conditions and lack of suffi-
cient experts in the division of insects, for instance, has recently
led the Entomological Society of America and the American Asso-
ciation of Economic Entomologists to appoint a committee to pro-
mote the adequate development of the National Museum so far as
the collection of insects are concerned. And what is true as to con-
ditions in the division of insects is equally true elsewhere throughout
the Museum.

52 EEPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1^J20.

The industrial interests of tlie country- liave been and are deeply
interested in the proper development of the department of arts
and industries, but under present conditions it has been impossible
for the Museum to do justice even to one single subject. The object
of this department is to bring the industrial interests of the country
in direct contact with examples of the best class of workmanship
in the various crafts. Its purposes are wholly practical, and already
many crafts not only look to the Museum for information but con-
tribute liberally in furjiishing material for exhibition, funds for
construction of models, etc. Some of the subjects already represented
here are textiles, art textiles, medicine, foods, miscellaneous animal
and vegetable products, mineral technology, land and aerial trans-
portation, naval architecture, metrologj^, mechanical transmission of
intelligence, mechanical and electrical inventions, firearms, musical
instruments, pottery, glass, metal work, and graphic arts, the latter
being transferred from the department of anthropology at the close
of June 30, 1920.

The available funds of the Museum not being sufficient to provide
seoarate staff officers for each section or division, these various ac-
tivities have had of necessity to be placed in certain instances under
those curators in other lines best qualified to also handle the subjects.
Thus, for instance, for administrative purposes only the division of
medicine is under the general supervision of Mr. F. L. LeAvton, who
is the curator of textiles ; and Dr. Walter Hough of the department
of anthropolog}'', besides looking after the collections of his own par-
ticular division of ethnology, gives general oversight to various
other collections vrhere there is no paid staff, particularly the art
textiles, ceramics, musical instruments, and tlie period costumes
collection.

The sundry civil act for the fiscal year 1021 carries a small appro-
priation for the National Gallery of Art. For economic reasons
the gallery has up to now been administered as an integral part of
the Museum, the scientific and administrative staffs of which have
cared for the gallery in addition to their own regular Museum
duties. This appropriation will permit of the gallery being separated
from the Museum on July 1, 1920, and organized as an independent
bureau under the Smithsonian Institution, and to it will be trans-
ferred the fine art collections of the JNIuseum which have heretofore
been administered under the curator of the National Gallery of
Art. The gallery will for the present, however, continue to be housed
in the Natural History Building of the Museum.

Much is expected of the movement for the reclassification of the
salaries of the Government employees in the District of Columbia.
The Cono-ressional Joint Commission on Eeclassification of Salaries

EEPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1920. 53

in March, 19:20, reported to Congress the findings on its survey of
existing conditions in the executive departments and the independ-
ent branches, making recommendations for the betterment of the
service generally, which will, of course, affect the Museum.

Toward the close of the fiscal year. Congress passed a civil pension
bill, by which an employee of the Government on reaching 70 years
of age in the clerical and 65 years in the mechanical service, after
serving his country from 15 to 30 years in a civil capacity, can be
retired on a small annuity, the amount governed by length of service
and by salary during last ten years of service. The act also pro-
vides for the retirement, under certain conditions, of employees who
have become totally incapacitated for efficient service by reason of
disease or injury before reaching the nominal age. The act will be-
come operative in August, 1920, and a deduction of 2| per cent will
be made from the salaries of all Government employees toward the
fund for carrying the system into effect.

To facilitate administration, the division of history was separated
from the department of anthropology at the close of June 30, 1920,
becoming an independent division.

The changes in the staff this year were few. After the death
of Mr. Brown, the position of registrar of the Museum was abol-
ished and a reorganization of the work made. The records relat-
ing to accessions, to material for examination and report and to
distribution of specimens were transferred to the office of corre-
si^ondence and documents, where the files of the Museum are kept,
and the duties of shipping clerk were combined wdth those of prop-
erty clerk, Mr. W. A. Knowles being advanced to property and
shipping clerk on August 1.

The collections of echinoderms were removed from the division
of marine invertebrates. A separate division of echinoderms was
established on April 1 and placed in charge of Mr. Austin H. Clark,
who was promoted from assistant curator of marine invertebrates
to curator of echinoderms. As he had devoted considerable study
to the Onj'chophores, they were included in the new division. On
the same date Mr. Waldo L. Schmitt, assistant curator, was advanced
to associate curator of marine invertebrates.

Mr. William Schaus' honorary connection with the collections
was changed on July 1 from assistant custodian of Lepidoptera to
assistant curator of insects, and on December 16, Mr. S. A. Rohwer
was appointed custodian of Hymenoptera, succeeding Mr. J. C.
Crawford.

Dr. F. N. Blanchard resigned as aid in reptiles and batrachians
and Miss Doris M. Cochran was appointed to that position on No-
vember 1. In the division of plants Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip served
as aid from July 7 under a temporary appointment.

54 KEPORT OF NATIONAL. MUSEUM, 1920.

A.nother resignation was that of Dr, W. T. Schaller, who, as cus-
todian of gems and precious stones, has rendered excellent service in
securing much new material for the Museum.

Mr. Carl W. Mitman was advanced on July 1 from assistant
curator of mineral technology to curator of mechanical technoloay
and placed in charge of the latter division, which had just been
transferred from department of anthropology to that of arts and
industries. Mr. R. G. Paine, aid, under temporary detail to me-
chanical technology returned to the division of American archeology.
Other changes here were the honorary appointment of Mr. George
W. Spier, of Washington, D. C, as custodian of watches on Febru-
ary 13, 1920, and, near the end of the year, the advancement of the
clerk, Miss Barbara E. Bartlett, to the position of aid. Mrs. E. W.
Eosson, preparator in the division of textiles, was likewise advanced
to aid on April 1.

Besides Mr. Mitman, the division of mineral technology lost by
resignation Dr. Joseph E. Pogue, curator, on September 30, and Mr.
C. G. Gilbert, curator, on October 31. Mr. Gilbert had served in
charge of the division ever since its active establishment June 6,
1913, and the Museum was glad to have him continue a general
supervision over it under an honorary appointment as associate
curator.

Mr. Loring W. Beeson, photographer, severed his connection with
the Museum, being succeeded on June 1 by Mr. Arthur J. Olmsted,
by transfer from the Department of Agriculture.

The following having rendered military or naval service to the
country returned to duty in the Museum: Mr. W. M. N. Watkins,
assistant curator of Avood technology, Mr. Emery C. Leonard, aid in
botany, Mr. J. C. Robingon, stenographer and typewriter in the office
of head curator of anthropology, Mr. W. W. Torbert, clerk in the
Administrative Assistant's office, Messrs. Fred Cook and W. D. Pat-
terson, watchmen, and Mr. J. R. Sirlouis, messenger.

The Museum lost by death during the year Dr. James M. Flint,
associate in medicine, and Mr. S. C. Brown, registrar.

James Milton Flint was born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire,
on February 7, 1838. His early education was received at the
common schools of his native town and at the academy in Pembroke.
Choosing medicine as a profession, he entered the Harvard Medical
School where he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1860.
The advent of the Civil War offered unusual opportunities to a
young surgeon to acquire experience, and young Flint, quick to ap-
preciate the advantage to add to his technical knowledge, entered the
service of the United States Navy in 1862, as assistant surgeon.
Thereafter he practiced his profession in the Navy until 1900, pass-

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 55

ing through the various grades until he reached that of Medical
Director in 1897, and on his retirement, owing to service in the
Civil War, receiving the additional rank of Rear- Admiral.

During the years 1884 to 1889 he was assigned to duty with the
U. S. Fish Commission and coming under the influence of Dr. G.
Brown Goode, he was led to study of Foraminifera and in order
that the results of his investigations might be properly studied and
be given to the world, he was assigned to the National Museum as
curator in charge of the division of medicine during the three dif-
ferent periods of shore duty.

These years were fruitful of good work well done, both in the way
of organizing, collecting, and installing the collections in the division
of which he had charge, and also in the study of that group in
natural history with which his name will always be honorably
connected.

To the literature of science he contributed " Recent Foraminifera :
A descrijitive catalogue of specimens dredged by the U. S. Fish
Commission steamer Albatross'''' (1899), and "A Contribution to
the Oceanography of the Pacific" (1905) compiled from data col-
lected by the U. S. Steamer Nei^'o while engaged in the survey of
a route for a trans-Pacific cable, both of wliich were published by
the U. S, National Museum.

After his retirement from active duty in the Navy he continued
his connection with the Museum for some years as honorary cura-
tor, but only as failing health came to him was he willing to re-
linquish the duties of his work to accejJt the honorary relation of
associate in medicine.

Doctor Flint was a member of the Metropolitan, Cosmos, Army
and Navy, and Chevy Chase Clubs, and testified to the fighting
qualities of his New England ancestors by membership in the
societies of Colonial Wars and Sons of the American Revolution,
while in his own right he was a member of the Loyal Legion.
' After a lingering illness, he died in Washington City on November
21, 1919.

Mr. Stephen C. Brown died at his home in Washington, on July
11, 1919, after 43 years of service to the Museum. Mr. Brown was
born at Danville, N. Y.,' October 19, 1844. He enlisted in Company
B, 136th New York Volunteer Infantry, earlj'^ in the Civil War and
served until its close. For some years thereafter, he resided in
Cleveland, Ohio, but joined the Smithsonian staff at the time of the
preparation of the Government exhibition at the Philadelphia Cen-
tennial in 1876. At the close of this work he was appointed an assist-
ant to Dr. H. C. Yarrow, who was in charge of the division of rep-
tiles; and in 1886 was made registrar for the National Museum, a
position which he continued to hold with unexcelled efficiency to

56 EErOKT 01' NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

the List. He Avas a member of the Biirnsicle Post of the Grand Army
of the Eepublic and of the Sons of the American Revolution. Mr.
Brown's death removes one more from the rapidly diminishing num-
ber of those connected with the early development of the National
Museum.

ijsimediate needs of museum.

The m.ost pressing needs of the Museum are those for additional
space for the ever-increasing collections and additional funds for
their classification and maintenance. Another year has only made
more acute these needs. Preliminary steps are being taken looking
to securing the erection of another building to house the great his-
torical collections of the Museum and the collections of the National
Gallery of Art. It will nevertheless be some years before relief
can be hoped for in that direction even under the most favorable
circumstances. The appropriations for the maintenance of the
Museum for 1921 remain practically the same as those for 1920.
Never were there so many openings for advancement in industrial as
well as scientific lines, but under existing conditions the Museum is
helpless. It is not only prevented from developing collections in the
various directions now offering exceptional opi^ortunities, but it
carries forward existing work only by exercising the strictest
economy.

DETAILED REPORTS ON THE COLLECTIONS.

EEPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY,
By W. H. Holmes, Head Curator.

The varied activities of the department of anthropology for the
year were continued along lines corresponding closely to those of the
preceding year, although at the beginning of the year an important
change was made in the scope of the field covered, the division of me-
chanical technology being separated from the department and placed
nnder separate control, as the divisions of medicine and textiles had
been separated previously. This change was made for the reason that,
although the human activities and the products of these activities
come within the scope of anthropology, the field liad become too wide
for convenient museum treatment. The subject matter of technology,
although embracing the primitive stages of the mechanic arts, lies
chiefly in the fast expanding and highly specialized field of the age
of steam and electricity. Similarlj^, at the close of the present fiscal
year the division of American history is separated from the depart-
ment of anthropology, under which it came into existence but with
which it has no necessary connection, and constituted an independent
division. The historical collections have multiplied greatly in recent
years and during the present year have increased as a result of the
World War to such an extent that the erection of a separate building
for their accommodation seems an imperative duty of the Govern-
ment. It may be further noted that at the close of the present year
the division of graphic arts, allied until now with anthropology^, has
been assigned to the department of arts and industries, its mu-
seum field dealing with the practice of the graphic arts in their highly
developed mechanical stages. A further change at the close of the
year affects the personnel of the department, the head curator havino-
been appointed director of the National Gallery of Art, now a coordi-
nate miit of the Smithsonian group, is thus separated from anthro-
pology, and at'the same time the recorder of the department is trans-
ferred to the corresponding position in the National Gallery. The
depatment of anthropology at the beginning of the fiscal jqhv 1920-
21 thus comprises four principal divisions only : ethnology, American
eluding religions), each being in charge of an independent curator.

archeology, physical anthropology, and Old World archeology (in-
Ceramics, art textiles, musical instruments, and historical costumes
are cared for by the curator of ethnology. Minor changes in the staff

57

58 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

of the department are recorded in the reports of the several divisions
Avhich follow.

Additions to the department collections have been numerous and
important, though not greatly surpassing those of the preceding
3'ear. They comprise 392 accessions with a total of 23,592 specimens,
of which 8,338 are loans or deposits, summarized as follows : division
of ethnology, 1,609 specimens; section of musical instruments, 88
specimens; section of ceramics, 110 specimens; division of physical
anthropology, 293 specimens; division of American archeology, 3,000
specimens; division of Old World archeology, 906 specimens; divi-
sion of history, 16,882 specimens; historical costumes collections, 217
specimens; division of graphic arts, 472 specimens; section of
photography, 15 specimens. There were also received from various
sources for examination and report 83 lots of specimens, diversified
in character.

As in previous years, the department is greatly indebted to the
Bureau of American Ethnolog}^, which is the anthropological field
arm of the Institution. Its researches extend to the tribes and
antiquities of the entire country, the collections made finding their
final resting place in the department of anthropology of the Museum.
Field work by members of the department staff has not, however,
been neglected. The head citrator has uniformly insisted that the
staff can not be expected to keep apace with the anthropological
departments of other museums without a fair share of field research.
During the year the curator of physical anthropology visited China,
where he was received with much enthusiasm by the Peking Union
Medical College and the scientific community generally, and where
he organized his brancli. of science, giving also a course of lectures.
The curator of ethnology spent the month of June among the Hopi
Indians of Arizona ; and the curator of American archeology, under
the auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnology, made interest-
ino- explorations in northern Arizona and Utah during the months
of May and June.

As in the reports of previous years, the head curator finds it con-
venient to present the activities of the various divisions and sections
separately, following in each case the order of topics required by the
administrative instructions.

The gifts sent out from the department number 154, and the ex-
changes 164. There were 64 specimens sent out as loans for scientific
study and special exhibition.

The total number of specimens in the department, including all
duplicates, is 797,272.

Ethnology. — The division has continued under the direction of Dr.
Walter Hough, curator. Aside from the ordinarj?^ scope of ethnology,
Doctor Hough cared for the sections of ceramics, musical instru-

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1&20. 50

ments, art textiles, and period costumes. Additions to the collections
compare favorably with those of preceding years, although the
limited fund available for purchase has made the acquirement of
important collections by this means impossible. The World War also
has appreciably interfered with the usual current of accessions
However, some valuable material collected during the period of
military occupation of the Philippines was received, and mention
may be made of specimens procured by General Jacob Kline,
17, S. A., and presented by his daughters, Mrs. Thomas F. Dwyer
imd Miss Kline; a number of baskets, hats, etc., collected by Major
General Joseph C. Breckenridge, U. S. A., and presented by him
through his daughter. Miss Lucy H, Breckenridge, and interesting
weapons presented by the late Lieutenant Colonel Duncan Elliott,
U. S. A. A collection of baskets, 265 in number, especially rich in
Channel and other California Mission Indian and Navaho specimens,
was received as a gift from Miss Ella F. Hubby, of Pasadena, Cali-
fornia. There were acquired by the bequest of Miss Elizabeth S.
Stevens several hundred specimens of silver, pewter, brass, pottery,
etc. The collections also include many religious objects and small
objects of art, which have been assigned to the proper divisions. It
is observed that accessions from the North American Indians Are be-
coming increasingly rare and few accessions other than baskets were
received.

Much attention was given to the work of preparing and installing
collections. Numerous additions w^ere made and the number of
previous installations were perfected. The collections illustrating
the progress of illumination were set up for the first time in their
entirety, and the rare California mission baskets of the Hubby collec-
tion placed on exhibition, A la}'^ figure group of the largest size rep-
resenting Kiowa children at play was completed and placed on
exhibition, and another figure was added to the group of Zuni
Indian potters.

" The collections as a whole are in excellent condition. During the
year the glass in the exhibition cases was cleaned and needed rear-
rangement of the collections made at the same time, and improve-
ment was made in the preservation of storage specimens by the
addition of dust-proof cases in the attic.

The curator began and brought near to completion papers on the
races of man as illustrated by the lay figure groups in the Museum
and on the synoptic series illustrating the historj'^ of invention, both
studies answering a widespread demand for the educational institu-
tions of the United States.

The exhibits of the division are rapidly becoming congested
through the introduction in the space originally assigned to ethnology
exhibits of Old World archeology and religions and of the National

CO REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020.

Gallery, and the necessity of a building to house the latter collections
becomes more and more apparent.

American Archeology. — This division was under the direction of
Mv. Neil M. Judd, curator, as heretofore ; and Mr. E. G. Paine was
transferred to the division as aid from the division of mechanical
technology.

The accessions for the j^ear show a slight increase in number and
value over the preceding year, the increase being due largely to con-
tributions transferred from the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Among the most noteworthy of the additions from this source are
some 300 objects of archeological interest from Arizona, Utah and
Colorado, collected by Dr. Walter Hough during the previous field
season; 165 specimens of kindred character collected in Texas by
Dr. J. W. Fewkes and Prof. J. E. Pearce; 748 implements of bone,
stone and shell from caves in Missouri, collected by Gerard Fowke;
5 sculptured stones from Mexico, thought to be of Huastecan origin,
the gift to the Bureau of Mr. John M. Muir ; a number (451) of choice
archeological specimens from New Mexico, transferred hy the Bureau
of American Ethnology. Under the direction of the Bureau of Amer-
ican Ethnology, Mr. Judd explored several caves in Cottonwood
Canyoij, Kane County, Utah, securing collections (257 specimens)
of considerable interest. Among this material were 11 ears of corn,
which in size and present condition exceed any similar specimens
known to have come from pre-historic ruins of the Southwest. Mr.
Gerard Fovvke made investigations of aboriginal remains in the
caverns of the Ozark region, Missouri. This w^ork was conducted
in the main under the auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnology
and yielded excellent results. In cooperation with the Indian Office
in 11)18 the curator undertook the exploration of the pre-historic
ruins comprising the Navaho National Monument, Arizona, but
owing to accidents and delays of transportation during the war the
collections made were not all received at the Museum until last
autumn ; they are among the most important additions added during
recent years.

Work on the collections consisted chiefly in bringing up to date
the identification and record of collections acquired during previous
years, the sickness and death of Mr. E. P. Upham, formerly in
charge, having interfered greatly with that work. The collections
are not as yet in wholly satisfactory condition. In the office th.o
curator continued his study of the archeological remains from the
region north and west of the llio Colorado in Arizona and Utah, but
this work was coordinated with the important work of identi-
fying, recording, and caring for collections previously made.
During March and April Mr. J. A. Jeancon was engaged in the office
on the detailed examination of archeological material gathered by

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 61

him ill 1919 while in charge of the Otto T. Mallery Southwestern Ex-
pedition. His report, prepared during this period, is to be published
by the Bureau of American Ethnology.

Old World Archeology. — Additions to the collections of the divi-
sion are more numerous than those of the preceding year, and nearly
all are bv their intrinsic and artistic value, or on account of their
historical and archeological significance, valuable additions to the
Museum's collections. Mention may be made of the following: 93
specimens, consisting in the main of objects of Christian and Bud-
dhist religious art in wood, copper, bronze and silver, part of the
bequest of Miss Elizabeth S. Stevens; a collection of ancient coins
ranging in date from the Eoman Republican and Imperial periods
down to Papal times, gift of Captain Clarence L. Wiener ; 104 casts
of engraved antique gems, gift of Dr. William H. Dall ; 124 casts of
32 Oriental seals, made in the Museum from originals owned by Mrs.
Talcott Williams. A very interesting supplement to the "Jeffer-
son Bible " in the Museum's collection of Bibles is the addition of
two English copies of the New Testament, printed in Philadel-
phia in 1804, from which Jefferson cut out the English version of
" The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth." These are the very
copies to which Jefferson refers in a letter of January 29, 1804, to
Doctor Priestley : " I had sent to Philadelphia to get two Testaments
(Greek) of the same edition, and two English, wdtli a design to cut
out the morsels of morality and paste them on the leaves of book."
Gift of Miss Bertha Cohen and her nieces.

The prehistoric collections of former years from Japan, Korea,
Australasia, India, and Cambodia have been labeled, thus bringing
the installation of the section of archeology up to date; and numer-
ous additions were made to the Buddhistic, Egyptian and Jewish
exhibits. A study of the collection of Buddhist religious art was
continued and a lecture on the Antiquities of the Bible was prepared
for the Young Men's Christian Association.

Physical Anthropology. — Changes in the organization of the divi-
sion during the j^ear are as follows : Mr. George A. Miller, scientific
aid, resigned to take up more remunerative work, and Miss Emma
Boiler, stenographer, was obliged on account of illness to take pro-
longed leave.

The year has been about equal to last year in number of entries
as well as in scientific value of the collections. The more important
accessions are : 73 skeletons or parts of skeletons from the prehistoric
pueblo of Hawikuh, New Mexico, gift of the Museum of the Ameri-
can Indian, Heye Foundation, collected by Mr. F. W. Hodge; skeletal
remains of approximately 50 individuals from Central Tennessee
and Kentucky, partly a loan and partly a gift from Mr. W. E.
Myer; skeletal remains of 28 individuals collected in the Ozark

62 REPORT OF Is^ATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1&20,

caves, Missouri, for the Bureau of American Ethnology by Mr.
Gerard Fowke and transferred from the Bureau ; remains of a series
of Bannock and Paiute skeletons from Nevada, gift of the Hon.
"William Kent; skeletal remains of 16 individuals collected by Dr.
Walter Hough for the Bureau of American Ethnology in Arizona
and transferred by the Bureau; a Neolithic skull from Furfooz,
Belgium, received in exchange through Prof. Charles Fraipont of
the University of Liege, Belgimn, a particularly valuable specimen,
representing a special neolithic type ; and a plaster bust representing
a form of early man, received by purchase, a valuable addition to the
collection.

The expedition of the curator to the Far East resulted in greatly
enriching the collections. There were obtained over 2,000 portraits
of the peoples of the Far East, particularly children, through gift,
purchase and otherwise. The value of the set will be appreciated
when it is stated that no single photograph of a Japanese, Chinese,
or Korean child had previouslj^^ been acquired by the Museum. An-
other expedition which resulted in enriching the collections was
that of the Museum of the American Indian to the old Zuni Pueblo
of the Hawikuh, New Mexico, in charge of Mr. F. W. Hodge.

A large contingent of the collections of the previous year were
cleaned, brought into proper condition and catalogued, and the same
is true of collections acquired during this year. In addition all the
racks and drawers of the division were cleaned and a good start was
made in the revision of the record and the marking of specimens,
and needed attention was given to repair. The collections on the
whole are in very good condition, but lack of adequate room is
becoming a serious consideration.

It was found necessary to devote special attention to the prepara-
tion and publication of instructions in anthropometry and researches
on the Old American families, all nearing completion. In the ex-
pedition to the Far East all possible attention has been given to the
problem of the origin of the American Indian, and also to the allied
problem of the peopling of Eastern Asia. In this connection and in
connection with studies of the Old Americans needed attention was
given to certain characteristics of the teeth. During the year a
number of students availed themselves of the opportunity always
freely granted to study the collections.

Numerous papers were published by the curator on anthropometry
and ancient man; special reports on various topics were made for
correspondents, and as editor of the Journal of Physical Anthrop-
ology he published numerous reviews and abstracts of anthropolog-
ical literature.

Mitsical Instruments. — The collection of musical instruments, to
which Mr. Hugo Worch has contributed in a most comprehensive

REPORT OF NATION AL, MUSEUM, 1920. 63

maimer, has been further enlarged through his generosity by the
following additions: A piano made by Isaac Hawkins in Phila-
delphia, 1801, and said to be the first American upright piano: a
second made by C. F, L. Albrecht, Philadelphia, about 1827; and a
third made by Babcock, Boston, about 1829; also a double bank
harpsichord made by Burkhardt, London, about 1847. Mrs. J. Rj^an
Devereux, Chevy Chase, Maryland, gaA^e 81 musical instrimients of
A'arious types, a very noteworthy addition. A silver keyed flute made
in Germany in the 19th century was received by bequest of Thomson
H. Alexander, through Mrs. Alexander; and Mr. Harry L. McCal-
mont,- Washington, District of Columbia, gave a Boehm-system flute
and an oboe or hautboi used in present day bands and orchestras.

Ceramics. — In the ceramic gallery the installation was improved
by the elimination of unimportant exhibits and rearrangement of
others. Several specimens were transferred to the exhibit of the
N^ational Gallery of Art. Loans were credited to Miss E. B. Lowo
of part of a set of old English porcelain with bold dragon design
in sanguine, and from Miss Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore of several
pieces of Japanese porcelain and bronze.

Graphic Arts. — The collections of this division, installed as dur-
ing previous years in the main hall and chapel of the Smithsonian
building, continued in charge of Mr. Paul Brockett with Mr. Ruel P.
Tolman as assistant. In May Mr. L. W. Beeson, in charge of the sec-
tion of photography, resigned and Mr. A. J. Olmsted was appointed
to fill the vacancy.

Additions to the collections for the year are slightly in excess
of those of the preceding year, the accessions numbering 15. The
most important gift was that of Earle W. Huckel, which comprises
366 wood engravings, mezzotints, aquatints, photogravures, rotar}'-
photogravures, etchings, collotypes, Japanese wood block prints,
halftones, reproductions in line, chromolithographs, and a " Plumbeo-
type." The following gifts also are worthy of mention: 4 miniature
mosaics from Mr. Stockton W. Jones; 6 copies of sephiograph
reproductions from the Crane Lithograph Company; and a piece of
American-made vellum from Mr. George A. Hathaway.

In addition to the regular exhibition series a number of very
large and beautiful photographs made by Secretary Charles D. Wal-
cott of striking scenic features of the Yellowstone National Park
and a collection of 32 water color paintings of Eastern spring and
summer flowers by Mrs. Charles D. Walcott were placed on view.

All of the collections of the division, both study and exhibition
were carefully gone over from time to time to see that the cases were
dust tight and that the exhibits were properly arranged and labeled.

In the section of photography there was but one accession during
the year, that of the photographic apparatus used by Muybridge in

C4 REPORT OF XATIOK'AL MUSEUM, 11)20.

his important studies of the motion of animals, researches made under
the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania. These researches
developed the possibility of recording motion by the camera, leading
up to the wonderful development of recent years in moving pictures.
The apparatus was presented by the Commercial Museum of Phila-
delphia.

History. — The division of history has remained, as during the
previous j^ear, in charge of Mr. T. T. Belote, curator, the only change
in the staff being the promotion of Mr. Fred Kaske, skilled laborer,
to the rank of preparator.

The accessions for the year are of very great importance and ex-
ceed those of the preceding year in number and in historic and
scientific value. Through the cooperation of the War Department
there were- secured extensive collections illustrating the military ac-
tivities of the countries engaged in the war. The services represented
are : Air Service, Ordnance, Chemical "Warfare, Quartermaster, Engi-
neer, and Signal Corps. The following may be mentioned : A collection
of military aeroplanes shoAving the principal types used by the United
States during the war, and captured German planes, lent by the Air
Service ; a very large and representative collection of ordnance equip-
ment of the type used by the armies of the United States and the allied
countries during the war, including field guns, machine guns, small
arms, sectionalized projectiles, adapters and boosters, tools and acces-
sories, and various other objects of military interest, lent by the Ord-
nanceDepartment as were also a large and interesting collection of Ger-
man and Austrian field guns, howitzers, mortars, machine guns, and
miscellaneous enemy ordnance equipment, captured by the American
Expeditonarjr Forces in France, and a collection of rifles, pistols, and
swords illustrating the types of these weapons used during the war by
the several armies. A collection of projectiles and other offensive and
defensive equipment of the types used in chemical warfare was lent
by the Chemical Warfare Service ; and a collection of American engi-
neer materials illustrating the important part played in modern Avar-
fare by the Engineer Corps, lent by the Engineer Corps. From the
War Department Quartermaster Corps was received as a loan a most
varied and valuable collection of uniforms and of insignia showing
the types worn by the armies of the several countries, representing
uniforms Avorn by officers and enlisted men of the folloAving countries :
Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Austria, Germany, and
Turkey.

The pictorial collections, deposited by the General Staff, include
nearly 500 drawings and paintings made by the official artists of the
American Expeditionary Forces in France in 1918. These pictures
afford a close up view of the war both at the front and behind the
lines. They are of great artistic and historical value and are the

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 11)20. 65

work of the foUoATing Avell known artists: AV. J. Aylwarcl, W. J.
Duncan, Harvey Dunn, George Harding, W. Morgan, E. Peixotto,
J. A. Smith, and Harry Townsend.

From the National Society of the Colonial Dames of America
there was received as a loan a very interesting and striking addition
to the war materials in the form of uniforms of the tj'pe worn by
American women members of Avar organizations. The organizations
represented in the collection include the following: American Red
Cross, National League for Woman's Service, Woman's Land Army
of America, American Committee for Devastated France, American
Fund for French Wounded, National War AA'^ork Council of the
Young AVomen's Christian Association, National Catholic AA^ar
Council, JeAvish AA'^elfare Board, Young ]Men's Christian Association,
American Friends Service Committee, American Library Associa-
tion, U. S. Marine Corps, Signal Corps Telephone Unit, Emergency
Aid of Pennsyh ania, and the Salvation Army.

A A'ery unique addition Avas a collection of Avar toys made in the
United States during the Avar and illustrating the groAvth of the toy
industry in this country as a result of the conflict, including repre-
sentations in miniature of many classes of Avar material Avith small
arms, machine guns, tanks, battleships, aeroplanes, a majority being
figures of the soldier; gift of the Toy Manufacturers of the United
States of America, NeAv York Cit3^

The numismatic section of the Avar collections has received numer-
ous and A^aluable additions during the past year, including the fol-
loA^■ing: A collection of the principal decorations and medals of the
type aAvarded by the governments of the most prominent allied and
enemy countries for special service in connection with military and
other war Avork; transfer from the Quartermaster Corps. A collec-
tion of bronze and sih'er medals issued by the allied countries in
commemoration of notable events during the AVorld AA^ar was pur-
chased. This series constitutes a unique record in medallic form of
the part played in the AA^ar by mau}^ of the nations invoh'ed.

The foremost accession of the year, aside from those resulting
directly from the AA^ar, was a collection of objects relating to the
career of Cyrus W. Field and the laying of the first Atlantic tele-
graph cables, 1858-66. In 1899 Mrs. Isabella Field Judson, the
daughter of the eminent projector of this historic work, lent to the
ISIuseum a collection of mementoes of her father and his great
achievement, which Avere assigned at the time to the division of
mechanical technology. During the past year ]Mrs. Judson secured
for the ]Museum fi'om the jNIetropolitan ^Museum in New York City,
as a loan, many other objects of great interest in this same connec-
9525°— 20^— 5

66 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

tion; and these have been imited with the former collection and the
whole assigned to the division of histor}' and are now appropriately
displa3^ed with other mementoes of the great characters and events
of American history. The latest accession of Field material includes
the following relics: Six gold medals presented to Mr. Field in
recognition of his great work in uniting two continents by means
of an electric cable. These were awarded respectively by the Con-
gress of the United States, the Chamber of Commerce of Xew
York, American Chamber of Commerce of Liverpool, the State of
AVisconsm, the Paris Exposition of 1867, and a number of New
York friends. All of these medals are beautiful examples of the
medallic art and of great intrinsic and 4iistoric value. The medal
aAvarded by Congress was contained in an exquisitely designed
mother of pearl box with gold decorations. The collection also
includes a gold box of exceptionally beautiful design presented to
Mr. Field by the City of New York; a silver mounted tankard, made
of wood from the Charter Oak; an engrossed copy of the Joint
Eesolution of Congress and an engrossed copy of the Resolutions of
the Legislature of Wisconsin presenting the gold medals already
mentioned; an oil portrait of ISii". Field by David Huntington, 1879;
seven large oil paintings by Robert Dudley illustrating episodes
during the laying of the cable of 186G; and a series of fortj'-four
water colored drawings by the same artist dealing with the same
subjects.

A worthy collection of military relics owned by Major General
John R. Brooke, U. S. Arm}', including presentation and service
swords, pictures, badges of patriotic societies, documents and mis-
cellaneous mementoes of his long and eventful military career was
received as a gift. A collection of personal mementoes of Miss
Susan B. Anthony (1820-1896) and numerous relics illustrating the
history of the woman suffrage movement in the LTnited States,
1848-1919, including an oil portrait of Miss Anthony by Sarah J.
Edd}^ representing her as receiving the thanlcs of the coming genera-
tion for her services to the cause of woman suffrage, was a gift of the
National American Woman Suffrage Association. The militfiry uni-
form collection was increased by a large number of foreign uni-
forms of the type worn prior to the World War by the armies
of many nations, American and European, transfer from the Quar-
termaster Corps. There was also receive*! as a loan from tke same
source a collection of United States uniforms illustrating the types
worn in the United States Army, 1776-1909 ; this collection included
also insignia, flags, equipment, pictures, and miscellaneous relics.

During the year the collection of philatelic material in the care
of the division Avas increased by 5,872 specimens, of wliich 4,345 Avere

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1&20. 87

received by transfer from the Post Office Department. Of these
'<i,475 are of the new issues received by that Department from the
'nternational Bureau of the Universal Postal Union, Berne, Switzer-
land.

During the past fiscal 3'ear the exhibition space of the division
las been greatly increased by the assignment to its use of two ranges
on the ground floor of the Natural History building. In these have
been installed, with the competent assistance of Major J. H. Spang-
ler and under the general direction of Major General H. L. Rogers,
Q. M. C, extensive exhibits furnished by the War Department, note-
worthy features being the collections ormilitary costumes and equip-
ment and the appliances of chemical warfare. The Arts and Indus-
tries building accommodates diversified collections relating to the
recent war : Uniforms worn bv women organizations durino- the war,
collected and lent to the Museum by the National Society of Colonial
Dames of America ; captured German ordnance materials ; small arms
of the type used by the armies of the allied and enemy countries ; and
a collection of American war to3^s showing the development of the
toy industry in the United States during the war. A collection of
German field guns has been installed out of doors on the west side
of this building.

The Copp collection of miscellaneous colonial household and
other relics, which has never been previously satisfactorily installed
on account of lack of space, has been brought together in the west
gallery of the Arts and Industries building, advantage being taken
of the fact that this section of the west gallery was particularl3"
suited to the purpose. This collection is now well shown.

The ftiture of the historical collections must be given careful con-
lideration if they are to fulfill their proper function in the Museum
jclieme and in the estimation of Congress and the public. A first
requisite relates to the housing of the division — of its offices, its
laboratories, its storage and its extensive exhibition collections, in
close association, if not under a single roof — then a staff adequate
to the varied work in hand.

Historical Costumes. — The growth of the section of historical cos-
/umes during the year is gratifjang, and mtich credit must be given
CO ^h's. Julian-James and Mrs. E. G. Hoes for their never-failing
interest in perfecting the collection. The chronological series of
jostumes of mistresses of the White House is nearing completion;
Airs. Wooclrow Wilson has recently contribtited a black velvet dress
worn by her on state occasions for which a lay-figtire is in prepara-
tion under her personal supervision, and Mrs. J. Stanley Brown has
added a lace flounce and otlier needed parts for the completion of
the costume of her mother, Mrs. James A. Garfield.

C8 REPORT OF ImATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

Art Textiles.— On a recent visit to America, Lady Allan Johnstone
indicated her intention to make joermanent as a gift that portion of
the laces left as a loan by her mother, Mrs. J. W. Pinchot, founder
of the art textile collection. This public-spirited action on the part
of the Pinchot heirs establishes firmly the national collection of laces
of every type, "which formerly Avas made np almost solely of loans
from the ladies who were interested by Mrs. Pinchot. The valuable
loan collection of Oriental rugs installed last year was still on exhi-
bition. It contains choice examples of the following makes: Ar-
menian, Dragon, Turcoman, Caucasian, Anatolian, Ispahan, Beshire,
Hamadan, Ferahan, Yomud, Herati, Bergamos, Shiras, Kuba, Mu-
jour, Kulah, Cabistan, Ourshak, Sarook, Lesghian, Konia, Yoruck,
Joshgan, Lerma, Syrian, and Spanish.

Anthropological Lahoratory. — The laboratory continued in the
efficient hands of Mr. W. H. Egberts. Important features of the
laboratory work are the modeling of exhibits in clay, casting these
in plaster and finishing in color. During the year a lay figure
group of Kiowa children at play, comprising seven figures, was
completed and placed on exhibition, and a single figure was
added to the group of the Zuni pottery-makers. Numerous casts of
exliibits injured in transportation or rendered disreputable by use
and the hand of time were repaired and repainted, broken crockery
w^as mended and picture frames were repaired and regilded. A bust
in plaster Avas molded and cast, to be utilized in installing the cos-
tume, recently presented, of Mrs. Woodrow Wilson, for the series of
the mistresses of the White House. A special feature of the work was
the casting and painting of parts of lay figures for the Eed Cross
Museum, and the modeling of numerous miniature figures for a
group to represent an American Red Cross canteen in France, and
was at the close of the year in course of preparation. During past
years the laboratory had become a storehouse of molds and casts, a
large part of which were imperfectly recorded and in bad condition.
All of this material was assorted, classified, repaired, recorded,
marked, and systematically arranged in racks and shelves or stored
in the attic. Rejected materials were condemned and destroyed.

RErORT ON THE DErARTMENT OF BIOLOGY,
By Leonhakd Stejnegeb, Head Curator.

IMPORTANT CHAXCKS IX ORGANIZATION AND STAFF.

The present organization of the department of biology is but
slightly different from what it Avas twenty years ago. In 1000
it embraced nine divisions Avitli a salaried scientific staff of 18 per-
sons; in 1910 there were eight divisions, Avith a similar staff of
19 persons ; at the beginning of the fiscal year 1919-20 it con-
sisted of seven divisions with 20 salaried scientific workers. Xor
has the honorary staff been materially increased during that period.
TAventy years ago the collections, then only a fraction of their
present magnitude, Avere housed in the old museum building and
the Smithsonian building. At the end of the first half of this
period they occupied practically the same space as at the begin-
ning, and the staff Avas then barely able to cope Avith the increase.
Then, in 1910-11, came the moA^ing into the new building. The
enormous collections had to be removed and rearranged, but there
Avas no increase in the scientific staff. The time Avliich the staff
formerly had been able to dcA^ote to study of and report upon tlie
collections was then to a great extent taken up with the reinstalla-
tion, a Avork which in some of the divisions is scarcely finished as
yet for lack of increase in the staff. In the meantime the collections
grew at an unprecedented rate. Thus of plants alone there were
added more than one million specimens during tlie twenty years,
and in other diA^sions the increase Avas not less startling. If in
some of them the increase does not amount to such figures, tlie
specimens made up in bulk Avhat they lacked in numbers. Tlius,
this period saw the addition of the unequaled mammal material
gathered by the various African and ^Malayan expeditions. Addi-
tional work and care Avas thrown upon the A'ertebrate divisions
by the abolition of the division of comparative anatomy and the
distribution of its bulky and diverse collections among the other
four divisions. With this vast increase in the material and the
consequent mounting care and responsibility; with the great ex-
pansion' of the actiA'ities after the occupancy of the ncAv building;
and Avith the constantly growing demands due to the rapid prog-
ress of science in tliis country and abroad, there has been no ex-
pansion of the oi'ganization of the department of biology, the

«9

70 REPORT OF NATIOITAL MUSEUM, 1020.

increase in its scientific staff having been one person for each ten
3'ears. Not only Avas there no expansion commensurate ^vith the
<>r()wth of the collections and the buildings, but there was practi-
cally none whatever. In looking over the collections as they are
now as compared with what they were twenty j'ears ago, and in
further contemplating the splendid series of 35 volumes of Pro-
ceedings and more than 80 volumes of Bulletins published 1\v the
Museum during these twenty years the wonder is how it has been
humanly possible for the organization to accomplish such results.

It was distinctly recognized wlien this department was inaugurated
that the organization was far from complete and that it was com-
paratively weak in the invertebrate classes, but it was hoped that
conditions would improve and that it would be possible gradually to
increase the divisions and augment the staff as the collections ex-
panded. Moreover, two other Government institutions, devoted pre-
eminently to biological research, namely, the Fish Commission and
the Bureau of Entomology, were in those early days in a better posi-
tion than they are to-day with regard to systematic zoological work
not directly applicable to economic problems. Their tendency has
been to gradually turn away from unapplied science and the work
in this line has been shifted more and more over on to the Museum.

This lack of growth and expansion in the basic systematic work
of the Museum has reacted unfaA'orably on the work of the biological
scientists who in other branches of the federal or state government
have to apply the material supplied by museum workers to the eco-
nomic questions which in ever increasing degree are depending upon
strictly systematic research. As a result there has sprung up a move-
ment among scientific men outside of the Museum and of the Govern-
nient for the purpose of bringing about increased facilities and a
larger staff. At the meeting of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science in New York during Convocation week
of 1916, the Entomological Society of America and the American
Association of Economic Entomologists appointed each a committee
of five members '"to promote the adequate development of the insect
collections in the National Museum." The two committees submitted
reports at the meeting in St. Louis in 1919, which were consolidated
into one and published in " Science " March 5, 1920. The gist of the
report is that "the National IMuseum, under present conditions, or
better, limitations, can not possibly adopt an adequate policy of
entomological development. The two prime obstacles are lack of
sufficient curators and lack of space. The present force of curators,
even with the aid afforded by the members of the Bureau of Ento-
mology, can not arrange and classify the collections already on hand,
incomplete as they arc. . . . The Museum should have enough ex-
pert curators to keep classified and in order the available material in

EEPORT OF NATIONAL. MUSEUM, 1&20. 71

every group of insects, and to furnish identifications and other aid
to entomologists and other workers in everj'^ State." The statements
by these committees as to the limitations of the Museum with regard
to the insect collections apply with equal force to the other inverte-
brates. There is a crying need for more investigators, for more
specialists. For the better development of the collections it is
urgently required that the different groups of the invertebrates
should be in the immediate care of responsible experts.

As a step, however slight, in the right direction, it is therefore
Avith great satisfaction that I place on record the establisliment on
April 1, 1920, of a separate division of echinoclerms with Mr. Austin
H. Clark, formerly assistant curator of marine invertebrates, as
curator. As Mr. Clark has also devoted considerable study to the
Onychophores, they were also placed in his care. It is to be hoped
that in the near future other large classes and phyla, such as the
crustaceans, coelenterates, annulates, mollusks, etc., may be segre-
gated as independent divisions.

The other changes in the organization and staff consist of the resig-
nation of Dr. Frank N. Blanchard on October 31, 1919, as aid in the
division of reptiles and the appointment, until a register can l)e
esta1)lished by the Civil Service Commission, of Miss Doris M. Coch-
ran to fill the vacancy. In the division of insects, Mr. J. C. Crawford
resigned the honorary' custodianship of Hj-menoptera, and Mr. S. H.
Kohwer, of the Bureau of Entomology, was appointed in his place.
Mr. Waldo L. Schmitt, assistant curator in the division of marine
invertebrates, was given the title of associate curator from April 1,
1920. In the division of plants Mr. Emery C. Leonard, who had been
f urloughed for military service, resumed his duties as aid on Jidy 18,
1919, and on July 7, 1919, Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip Avas appointed
temporarily as aid pending the establishment of a register of eligibles
b}' Civil Service examination.

COMPARISOX OF INCREMENT OF SPECIMENS OF 1D19-20 WITH THAT OF 1918-10.

While the number of specimens receiA'ed in any one 3'ear is not a
reliable criterion as to the progressiA"e or regressive activity of a
museum, neA'ertheless it furnishes a good index for an estimate of the
Avork of a purely curatorial character expended by the staff as com-
pared Avitli other years. That is to say, if the staff has to liandle
tAvice as many incoming specimens in one year as compared Avith
another, the inference is that the additional time spent in handling,
classifying, and generalh' caring for the material in excess must haAe
been taken from the time AA'hich Avould other Avise haA'e been avail-
able for the scientific study of the collections and the reports thereon.

7 '2 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1&20.

So that, Avlien no extra help is avaihible, the increase in material must
mean a decrease in the scientific output, and as it is by the (juality
and quantity of the latter that the standing- of an institution like the
National Museum is properly judged, and not by the numerical size
of the collections, an increase in the latter might be a handicap rather
than an advantage. HoAvever, with the increased accumulation of
specimens the scientific quality of the material must be supposed
to "increase, as the gaps become less, and the series for comjiarison
larger, and in this respect, therefore, there is a distinct advantage
in the progressively greater increment of specimens. Moreover, it is
in the very nature of a growing museum that the collections should
continue to grow, as a stagnating museum certainly means a decay-
ing and retrograding institution.

With these reservations in mind it is satisfactory to be able to
report that the total number of specimens received during the past
year amounted to 136,765. As compared with the 482,740 specimens
recorded for the previous year this has the appearance of a tremen-
dous decrease, but the latter unprecedented figure was due to the in-
corporation of a single private collection of mollusks consisting of
about 400.000 specimens, which it had taken the donor many years
to accumulate. Leaving this collection, therefore, out of our com-
parison it will be seen that, numerically the year 1919-20 was a very
prosperous one.

An estimation of the scientific value of the increment is also sub-
ject to a reservation due to the unequalled importance of the mollus-
can collection alluded to above. But putting this aside, the reports
of the curators show a gratifying increase in the scientific importance
of the material received. While in some of the divisions the value
was at least equal to that of the previous year, in others the gain
has been so marked as to call forth special comment. This is particu-
larly true of the division of birds. No less than 163 species new to
the collection were among the bird accessions and no doubt a larger
number will be added when the two African and the Australian col-
lections are fully identified. This splendid result was particularly
due to the liberality of Mr. B. H, Swales, of Washington City, who
placed a fund at the disposition of the division by vrhich it v,as
possible to obtain by purchase 96 species hitherto unrepresented in
the Museum, thus filling up many severely felt gaps in our series.
Mr. SAvales has thus done for the bird collection Avhat the Frances
Lea Chamberlain Fund annually accomplishes for the molluscan col-
lection. An equalh^ gratifying report comes fnmi the division of
insects to the effect that the accessions of the present year excel in
the unusual nmnber of large foreign lots, especially as regards but-
terflies and moths, largely due to the activity of ^Ir. William Schaus.

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 73

ArCKSSIONS IiESEnVIXG .SrECIAL XOTICE AXn WHY.

The important accessions received dining the present year may,
on the Avhole, be characterized as being more or less supplemental
to our exotic collections. Thus while our African collections wei-e
previously confined chiefly to east Africa, the present year has added
more than 2,350 mammals, birds, reptiles, fishes and invertebrates
from West Africa, collected by Mr. Aschemeier during the Collins-
Garner Expedition, and at the same time Mr. Raven has sent about
250 mammals and birds from South Africa. Another of the more
important accessions, including about 500 specimens, represents the
first installment of Australian mammals, birds, reptiles, etc., col-
lected by Mr. Charles M. Hoy in Xew South AVales. This is the
first major collection of Australian vertebrates ever made especially
for the National Museum, and is of prime importance because the
indigenous Australian fauna is fast disappearing owing to the
thoughtless introduction of foreign predatory animals.

Distributed among the vai'ious divisions or concerning them ex-
clusively the more important accessions are as folloAvs :

Mammals. — The greatest accession was that of the Collins-Garner
collection from French Congo consisting of 695 specimens including
2 gorillas, 2 chimpanzees, 2 buffaloes, 5 pigs, and 27 antelopes. The
240 Australian specimens, collected by Mr. Hoy form another ex-
tremely important addition from a region from which we had hith-
erto almost no material. From southern Africa 113 mammals were
received, collected by Mr. H. C. Eaven of the Smithsonian African
Expedition, which will be of great value for comparison with our
Flast African material now being reported on by Mr. Hollister. Thir-
ty-one mammals collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in Santo Domingo are
of considerable importance, as they include two solenodons and mate-
lial from shell heaps. Mr. E. C. Chubb of the Durban Museum,
Xatal, South Africa, presented the Museum with 2 small rodents, one
of them the exceedingly rare Petromys^ hitherto unrepresented in the
Museum. The skull of a beaked whale from Florida donated by Mr.
Charles Ericsson, Hallandale, Florida, also deserves mention, as such
material is highly desirable.

Birds. — The 679 specimens collected by Mr. Aschemeier in French
Congo have as yet been determined only partly, but enough have been
identified to make it safe to say that the collection contains a large
ji.umber of genera and species neAv to the Museum, among them such
genera as Tlh/ianfoniis, an unusual type of rail; Pteronetta, a rare
duck, of which but few samples exist in museums; Tigriornis, a
heron, and CaJopeJIa, a pigeon, both rare; la'onotiis, a genus of bul-
buls hitherto unrepresented in the Museum, although known since
1851, etc. The Santo Domingo material collected by Dr. W. L.

74 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1&20.

Abbott j)ersonally consisted of 210 skins, 71 alcoholics and skeletons,
4.^ eggs and one nest, among them four species or subspecies not pre-
^iously in the Museum, besides several other rare species. Eggs of
Ncsoctites inicromegas^ a small Avoodpecker, and Todus angustho-
strls, the narrow-billed tody, proved new to the Museum. Hoy's New
South Wales collection, which we also owe to Dr. Abbott's generosity,
228 specimens, also contains many species new to or poorly repre-
sented in our series, since W'C have received but few Australian birds
in recent years. The addition of 99 skins representing 96 species all
new to the Museum collections, having been purchased through tlie
" Swales fund " has already been alluded to. They consist chief!}' of
old world babblers, thickheads (13 species), pigeons, cuckoos, wood-
peckers, barbets, pittas (5 species), kingfishers (12 species) and other
desiderata. Included in this lot were four genera new to the Mu-
seum; SerUoijJms (a genus of broadbills), Blelanocharis and Ped'do-
rhynclms (New Guinea and African flycatchers, respectively), and
Pacliyglossa.) a flowerpecker. Another large addition of 58 species
and subspecies not hitherto contained in our collection was obtained
in exchange with the American *Museum of Natural History, New
York. It consisted of 66G slrins, all from Colombia. Tlie first install-
ment of the Smithsonian African Expedition contained 126 speci-
mens collected by Mr. Raven in southern Africa, of which at least 9
species proved new to the Museum series. From the estate of Mr.
Allan H. Jennings there was received as a gift a collection of 1,298
skins, mostly from the United States, but with some desirable mate-
rial from the Bahamas, including several specimens of the rare Kirt-
land's warbler {Dendroica Mrtlandi). A transfer from the Bio-
logical Survey is particularly notcAvorthy because it contained a large
amount of anatomical material which supplies deficiencies in this
branch of the collection. It also contained 135 skins and 7 eggs from
France, collected by members of the Survey staff serving oversea
during the war. A series of 105 carefull}^ prepared specimens from
California given by Mr. Edward J. Brown, of Los Angeles, Califor-
nia, contained series of immature plumages of various species par-
ticularly wanted by the Museum. The expedition of Maxon and
Killip to Jamaica ^enriched the anatomical collection with 41 alco-
holics and skeletons, some of them highly desirable, such as the rare
Laletes oshwni, an aberrant member of the Anreo famil}'. Among
the smaller accessions there arc several which deserA'e mention, since
they include species new to our collection. Thus one by Mr. Francis
Harper, of the Biological Survey, includes the type of a new sub-
species of hedgesparroAV from France, and Colonel Wirt Robinson,
I^. S. Military Academy. West Point, New York, a skin of Althurus
scitidus, a long-tailed hummingbird from Jamaica.

EEPORT OF XATIOls^AL MUSEUM, 1920. 75

Reptiles and Amphibians. — In addition to numerous specimens
from the French Congo, and New South AVales, collected b}' the ex-
peditions mentioned elsewhere, the most interesting and important
addition was that of the long lost Cyclura rlcordU, a large ground
iguana from Santo Domingo, rediscovered by Dr. W. L. Abbott.
Another interesting addition was that of a very rare North American
snake, Phyllorhynchus hroinni, from Arizona, which Avith eight other
snakes was presented by Mr. G. Hofer of Tucson, Arizona.

Fishes. — The Bureau of Fisheries transferred 1,556 specimens
from various localities. In addition to these it also transmitted 30
specimens of fishes collected by Dr. N. Gist Gee, at Soochow, China,
which form the basis of a paper by JVIessrs. H. W. Fowler and B. A.
Bean, which is now in press. A very interesting collection of South
American fishes collected in western Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru
by Dr. C. H. Eigenmann, of the University of Indiana, Bloomington,
Indiana, was obtained in eschano-e.

Insects. — Any large collection of insects is sure to contain im-
portant additions to our series, especially if made in some extra-
limital locality. It will therefore suffice to enumerate the largest
accessions which were as follows: 5,000 Lepidoptera of the Hawaiian
Islands and 500 Hesperidae from South America, gift of Mr. B,
Preston Clark, Boston, Massachusetts (through William Schaus) ;
2,000 Heterocera (moths), including about 60 types, and 150 Ehopa-
locera (butterflies), gift of Dr. William Barnes, Decatur, Illinois;
6,000 insects of various orders, gift of Mr. William H. Mann, through
Bureau of Entomology, collected in Honduras; 5,770 specimens of
miscellaneous insects, gift of Mr. E. A. Schwarz, collected in Sou.th-
ern Florida; 4,000 specimens Diptera of Costa Rica, purchased; 725
specimens insects of northern Australia, mostly named, gift of Dr.
J. F. Illingworth, Meringa near Cairns, North Queensland; 100
specimens Arctiidae (moths) from South Africa, all new to the col-
lection, by exchange from Mr. A. Janse, Pretoria; 100 specimens
oriental Papilionidae (butterflies) new to the collection, gift of
Prof. Edward T. Owen, Madiswi, Wisconsin (through William
Schaus) ; 1,050 specimens insects of Central Mexico, sent for deter-
mination and retention by the Mexican Department of Agriculture
(through the Bureau of Entomology, Department of Agriculture) ;
3,425 specimens miscellaneous insects, transferred from the Bureau
of Entomology, Department of Agriculture; 3,505 si:)ecimens mis-
cellaneous insects, transferred from the Bureau of the Biological
Survey, Department of Agriculture.

Marine Invertebrates. — The collection of Hawaiian marine shells
donated by Mr. D. Thaanum, Hilo, Hawaii, estimated to contain over
5,000 specimens, deserves particular mention. According to the
curator's report it has long been knoAvn as the best existing collec-

76 REPORT OF NATIOISTAL MUSEUM, 1920.

tion of autlientically located marine Hawaiian shells. Taken to-
gether with the Albatross deep-water dredgings, it puts our Hawaiian
series at the head of the list; the material is of the best, the series
of specimens shows stages and local variations, the operculate gas-
tropods in most cases have the opercula carefully preserved. The
specimens are accompanied by interesting field notes. The collec-
tions were made by Mr. Thaanum and his brother-in-law, Mr. J. B.
Langford. These two men have devoted all their spare time to this
inidertaking and the collections are the result of years of effort in a
region presenting unusual difficulties to the collector. The collection
is being reported upon in the monograph on the Hawaiian marine
mollusks in preparation by Dr. AV. H. Dall. A no less valuable
accession is due to the generosity of Mr. John B. Henderson, of
Washington City, a regent of the Smithsonian Institution, who
purchased and presented to the Museum part of the William F.
Clapp collection of New England land and fresh water mollusks,
consisting of about 10,000 specimens. He also donated 33 species
(about 200 specimens) of Sphaeriidae from the United States and
Xaiades from North and South America. The continued contribu-
tions from Dr. W. L. Abbott's explorations in Santo Domingo, more
than 3t5 specimens, have proven quite valuable. As in previous
vears the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries forms one of the chief sources
of material received in this Division. In addition to the ones par-
ticularly mentioned below as exceptionally valuable there were re-
ceived a number of smaller lots of miscellaneous invertebrates. Sev-
eral of the collections have been reported on, such as the Cephalopods,
including 20 types of new species, collected by the steamer Albatross
in the Northwestern Pacific and reported on by Mr. Madoka Sasaki ;
240 Philippine Annelids, remainder of the collection reported on
by Dr. A. L. TreadAvell; the final installment of the Medusae and
Siphonophores, including type specimens; collected by the steamer
Bache and reported on by Dr. H. B. Bigelow. There was also a col-
lection of Philippine Planarians with a set of ten colored drawings
with descriptive notes, secured by the Albatross Expedition, 1907-10.
The acquisition of type material -is of such importance and has been
made such a prominent feature of the national collection that it
requires separate mention. Thus, among a number of miscellaneous
accessions from various bureaus of the Department of Agriculture
there was one new eartliAvorm from Guatemala, submitted by the
Federal Horticultural Board. From the British Museum type ma-
terial of various recent Bryozoa Avas obtained in exchange. Mr.
C. M. Weber, Balabac, Philippine Islands, donated 20 species (1,119
specimens) including types one neAV species and three subspecies
from the Philippines. Among a number of mollusks from Guate-
mala and ISIexico presented by ^Ir. A. A. Hinkley, Du Bois, Illinois,

REPORT OF NATIONAL, MUSEUM, 1020. 77

there vcere several types. The crustaceans given by Dr. Carl C.
Kngberg, University of Nebraska, contained the tj'pe and para-
types of Balamis enr/herf/ianus Pilsbrv. Among a number of land-
shells presented by Mr. Walter F. Webb, Eochester, New York, was
a type of a new species described b}^ Dr. Paul Bartsch, who also
described the Teredo {Neoteredo) reynel., a new subgenus and species,
from material donated by Mr. A. Reine, Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana.
A miscellaneous collection received from the Museu Paulista, Sao
Paulo, Brazil (Mr. Alfonso d'S. Taunay, director) contained types
of 2 worms and 4 crustaceans. ]Mr. H. X. Low, Long Beach, Cali-
fornia, presented, with other moUusks, 4 types of new subspecies.
The type of a new species of amphijiod was found among 10 species
of Crustacea received from the Brookh-n Museum, and of a terres-
trial isopod among some Bahaman specimens collected by Dr. Wil-
liam ]\fann. A collection of natural history objects made in Chile
by Dr. Charles G. Abbot, Assistant Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution, included an isopod described as new. Two paratypes
of the moUusk Vertigo modesta 7riicrophasma was donated by the
describer, Dr. S. S. Berry, Redlands, California, and a cotj'pe of
Brachupodella nidicosfata, from Venezuela, also a mollusk, was like-
wise presented by its describer, Mr. George Spence, Pine Grove,
Lancastershire, England. Three new subspecies were described from
some Philippine landshells donated by ]Mr. H. C. Higgins, Belmar,
KeAv Jersey. Type material was also represented in a collection
obtained in exchange from Dr. F. Felippone, Montevideo, L^ruguay,
and in crustaceans from Lake Valencia, collected and described by
the donor. Dr. A. S. Pearse, University of Wisconsin. Dr. Bryant
Walker, of Detroit, Michigan, presented the museum with 8 speci-
mens (4 species) cotypes of Amnicolas, mollusks from Guatemala.
An interesting accession consisted of two albino landshells, E piphrcKj-
mophora tudicidota Binney. from California, the first of the kind
received by the Museum. They were donated by Dr. R. H, Tremper,
Ontario, California.

EcJiinoderms and Onychophores. — The most noteworthy acces-
sions were six onychophores collected in Honduras and donated by
Dr. William M. Mann, of tlie Bureau of Entomology, and a denuded
test of the giant sea-urchin, MetaJia pectoralis (Lamarck), from
Jamaica, presented by ^Ir. Charles Emery Asbury, Consular Serv-
ice, Department of State.

Plants. — The accessions include highly valuable collections from
all over the Avorld. Besides important North American material,
there are represented plants from Mexico and Central America, Co-
lombia, British Guiana, Brazil, Argentina, Europe, Africa, China,
Sumatra, etc. The more important ones are as folloAvs : 8,190 speci-
mens transferred by the several bureaus of the U. S. Department of

78 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920,

Agriculture, Washington City, all but about 500 of this number
having been received from the Bureau of Plant Industry. This
material includes 3.000 duplicate grasses intended for distribution
in the centuries of American grasses which are being prepared under
the direction of Mr. A. S. Hitchcock, custodian of the grass herba-
rium; 887 specimens of Mexican plants from little known parts of
Sinaloa, transmitted by the Forestry Commission of that state;
854: specimens collected in British Guiana by Mr. A. S. Hitchcock ;
875 specimens collected in China by Mr. J. B. Norton; 337 speci-
mens collected in Florida by Mr. W. E. Safford, this having served
as the botanical basis of his recent Smithsonian paper upon the
natural history of Paradise Key; 2,398 specimens were received
in exchange from the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park,
New York City, Dr. N. L. Britton, Director. This material consists
largely of plants collected in Colombia by Messrs. Rusby and Pen-
neil. and includes also a lot of 292 marine algae, chiefly from the
West Indies. Likewise in exchange there were received 923 speci-
mens of Mexican and Central American plants from the Botanical
Museum of the University at Copenhagen, Denmark. This mate-
rial consis"ts chiefly of specimens collected long ago by Liebmann
and Oersted, and is of unusual historic interest and value; 557
specimens, received from the Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, collected in Alberta by Mr. Stewardson
Brown are of value as having served as the basis of a manual en-
titled. "Alpine Flora of the Canadian Rocky Mountains,'' published
a few years ago by Mr. Brown. Other important material collected
by various expeditions is mentioned below.

EXPLORATIONS AND EXPEDITIONS.

Among the various expeditions b}' which the Museum has been
benefited three stand out prominently.

The Collins-Garner Congo Expedition in the interest of tlie Smith-
sonian Institution had already returned before the beginning of tins
fiscal year, and an account of its achievements is therefore found in
my report for 1919, but the specimens have not been incorporated into
the Museum series until the present year. The other African expedi-
tion was entered upon by the Smithsonian Institution in conjunction
with the Universal Film Manufacturing Compan}-. The latter hav-
ing organized under the direction of the experienced collector, jNIr.
Edmund Heller, an expedition which Avas to penetrate Africa from
south to north by way of Lake Taganyika for the purpose of obtain-
ing cinematographic films of the natives along the route and offering
to pay the expenses of one or more scientific collectors while in tliat
continent, the Smithsonian Institution obtained the services of Mr.
H. C. Raven, who for several years past had been collecting in the
Malayan Archipelago. Mr. H. L. Schantz also joined the expedition

REPORT OF NATIOISTAL MUSEUINI, 1&20. 79

on behalf of the Department of Agriculture in order to collect plants
■which might advantageously be introduced into the United States,
and make other pertinent botanical studies. The expedition sailed
from New York on July 16, 1919, and landed in Cape ToAvn, South
Africa. A first installment of specimens as noted above has been re-
ceived and is of great interest and unportance. The third major ex-
l^edition we owe to the continued generosity of Dr. W. L. Abbott, who
in A'iew of the poverty of the National Museum in Australian material
and the threatened extinction of the native fauna, decided to send
Mr. Charles M. Hoy to the southern continent. In the words of the
curator of mammals it may be truly said that from the standpoint
of the national collections probably no field-work of similar scope
could approach this in importance. The fact had long been recog-
nized, but the means for putting such a project into execution have
hitherto been lacking. The remarkable Australian mammal fauna
was represented in the Museum by only 200 specimens, and the other
vertebrates were not better off. Not only is this true of our collec-
tions, but it is ecjually true of other museums in America. Mr. Hoy
arrived in Sydney about the end of May, 1919, and from June to
November he collected in various localities in New South Wales. An
interesting account of his experience up to that time has been pub-
lished in the Smithsonian Exploration Pamphlet for 1919, Smith-
sonian Miscellaneous Collections (vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 29-32). Since
then he has continued his work in South Australia with var^-ing suc-
cess. To show both the importance of this expedition and the diffi-
culties already encountered the following extract is taken from one
of Mr. Hoy's reports :

The poor luck in mammals is explained by the total extermination of most
of them. This has been caused mainly through the introduction of foxes and
cats. Both of these animals are extremely plentiful. The fox has only been
plentiful during the last three and four years and is still being introduced
by the sheep men as they claim that the fox kills the rabbits. This may be so
but what killing he has done has made very little impression on the rabbits
while the native mammals have been completely wiped out. This has been
done only during the last few years which is illustrated by what an old kanga-
roo hunter told me. He said that as late as two years ago he was sure of at
least six or seven dozen wallaby skins a weelc, while this year he hasn't even
seen one ! This was substantiated by numerous other individuals. One gentle-
man took me to a place where only eight months ago he shot nineteen wallabies
in an evening. He also said that bandicoots and " pinkies " (quite probably
the rabbit bandicoot) were quite common then. We .searched carefully but
not even any signs were seen while traps brought no result. The banded ant-
eater (IMyrmecobius) was also occasionally seen up to several years ago. but
the last one seen was taken by a boy in a rabbit trap eighteen months agi).
The bandicoots and " piuldes " are said to still exist but I was not able to hear
of any being seen in the last six months. Tliat the eats are working havoc
among the birds is shown by the fact that one cat I killed had five birds and
the unidentified remains of a snnill marsupial in its stomach.

80 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020.

Dr. Abbott himself has continued his own personal explorations
in tlie island of Haiti. He visited Santo Domingo in July, 1919, and
renmined until the early part of October, collecting in the vicinity
of Sosua, on the north side of the island, and later at Saona Island
in the Samana region, and at Lake Enriquillo. Early in 1920 he left
for Port au Prince, Haiti, accompanied by Mr. Emery C. Leonard,
aid in the division of plants, who was to attend to the botanical
collecting. They first visited Gonave Island and then returned to
Port au Prince, making collections in that general vicinity. The
field work, which was not concluded at the end of June was pro-
ductive in yielding excellent material from a region in which very
little collecting has been done during the last hundred years.

Dr. C. D. Walcott, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, inci-
dental to his geological explorations in Alberta, Canada, paid con-
siderable attention to the recent animals as well with the result that
a number of valuable mammals, including a Eocky Mountain goat,
and a collection of about a thousand specimens of land and fresh
water mollusks Avere added to the national collections. Mrs. Wal-
cott, who accompanied her husband, contributed a number of plants
which form the basis of her paintings of the wild flowers of this
interesting region.

Several botanical expeditions have been undertaken during the
year in cooperation with other agencies bearing most of the expenses
of the field work. Thus, Mr. Paul C. Standley, assistant curator
of the division of plants, spent approximately ten weeks in Glacier
National Park, Montana, securing data for a handbook of the j^lants
of that region to be issued by the National Park Service. About
4,000 herbarium specimens were secured, besides extensive notes
upon the plants and a large series of photographs. Mr. A. S. Hitch-
cock, systematic agrostologist. Department of Agriculture, and cus-
todian of the section of grasses in the division of plants, devoted
about four and one-half months, beginning October 1, 1919, to
botanical exploration in British Guiana, under the cooperative plan
of exploration entered into with tlie New York Botanical Garden
and the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, as detailed in my
report of last year. Special attention Avas given to the grasses, of
which 30 sets of 108 specimens each were collected, but about 4,400
specimens in other groups were also collected. Mr. William R.
Maxon, associate curator in the division of plants, and Mr. Ells-
worth P. Killip, aid in the same division, spent about ten weeks
from February to April, 1920, in botanical exploration of Jamaica,
cooperating Avith the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, the
NeAv York Botanical Garden, the Field Museum of Natural His-
tory, Chicago, and the UniA-ersity of Illinois. Sets of Avoody plants
and orchids Avill be sent to the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard

EEPOET OF NATIOX.CL MUSEUM, 1920. 81

TTiiiversity aiul to Mr. Oakes Ames, Boston, Massachusetts, in return
for contributions toAvards the exploration. The expedition was a
<ireat success and a large material was collected.

Dr. AYilliam M. Mann, of the Bureau of Entomology, went to
Honduras for the month of March, 1920, in the interest of the
Bureau, the object being to inspect banana plantations for insects
which might be important in quarantine. He improved the oppor-
tunity, however, to make extensive collections which were turned
over to the Museum. Thus the division of insects received about
G.OOO insects, and the division of reptiles an interesting series of
turtles.

As usual the various exploring expeditions of the Bureau of Fish-
eries and of the Biological Survey have been very advantageous to
the Museum. However, no major expeditions were undertaken
which require individual mention, except, perhaps, the cruise of the
Bureau of Fisheries Steamer Albatross off the southeastern coast
of the United States during the fall of 1919, which contributed a
very desirable collection of miscellaneous invertebrates from this
area.

WORK OF rRESKUVINO AND IN.STALI.IXG THE COLLECTIONS. PltESBNT CONDITION OF

COLLECTIONS.

The continued occupation of the storage room of the mammalian
study series on the ground floor by the war museum and the conse-
quent closing up of the exhibits in the entire west and northwest range
on the second floor has not only caused great hardship to the mammal-
ogists of the ]Museum and the Biological Survey, but has also greatly
liindered the work on the exhibition series, which is now limited to
the space on the first floor and the whale hall, reptile and fish hall
and the skeleton exhibit on the second floor. As a partial result of
this condition, the Avork on large mammals has been practically
limited to the mounting of one west African buffalo, Avhile nine
smaller ones have also been finished. The mammal collections already
on exhibition haA'e required considerable attention however. Thus
tlie removal of several of the larger animals from their polished
walnut stands and their replacement in the cases with sanded bottoms
has been accomplished. The cleaning of the inside of the glass in the
large habitat groups required much time because of the extreme care
necessary. A great amount of repair work has also been necessary,
especially on the specimens not in cases. The two valuable giraffes
l>articularly have been the source of considerable worry and work.
With the excessive changes of moisture and temperature to which
they are exposed at all seasons near the open windows they are in
need of constant care and attention. Suggestions for the rebuilding
of the northern Avail case so as to accomodate these unAvieldly speci-
952.j°- 20 6

82 REPORT OF KATIOKAL, MUSEUM, 1920.

mens wliicli can not be placed in an ordinary case because of their
excessive height have been submitted in connection with the estimates
for. exhibition cases for the next fiscal year. In the bird hall the
entire collection has been gone over, cleaned, and rearranged in con-
nection Avith the making of a card catalogue of the specimens ex-
hibited. This was a time-consuming and laborious task due in consid-
erable measure to the cases, which, in order to be made dustproof, are
so constructed that several men specially trained are needed for open-
ing and closing the cases. The verification of numbers and identifica-
tions also consumed considerable time. The rare and extinct birds
which had been removed for safe-keeping during the time the ex-
]jibition halls were occupied by the offices of the War Risk Bureau,
vxere restored to their places in the exhibit. A number of newly
mounted birds were also added, and the Flamingo group, practically
rebuilt by Mr. William Palmer, was reinstalled among the habitat
groups in the bird hall.

As there seemed small hope of being able in the near future to
open up to the public the north and nortlnvest ranges of the second
floor, where the District of Columbia fauna was exhibited, the latter
was reinstalled in the whale hall as a temporary expedient. This
heterogeneous exhibit not only interferes with the proper display of
the smaller whales, but has made it impossible to make speedy prog-
ress Avith the plan to build habitat groups in which to display the
birds of the District, though one has been finished. Some additions
w^ere made to the local exhibit of reptiles and amphibians.

In the various divisions the curatorial Avork has progressed as
usual. In the division of mammals the rearrangement of some of
the overcrowded skin cases Avas begun upon the receipt of four imit
storage cases. The arrangement of the small and medium skulls in
the basement Avas completed and Avork done on the large skulls m
the attic has greatly improved their condition. The rearrangement
of the skeletons in the attic also made some headAAa}', the proper
casing facilities having been furnished.

In the division of birds the crowded condition of some of the
groups necessitated respacing of a large number of cases. The ac-
cumulations of eggs for several years past, numbering between 2,300
and 2,500, Avere arranged in trays, Avitli cotton partitions between the
specimens, labeled, and distributed in the collection. The arrange-
ment of the osteological collection in (juarter-unit storage cases Avas
completed during the year, enough ncAV cases having been provided
to permit the elimination of the old mahogauA^ base cases previously
in use. The entire collection of cleaned skeletons, numbering oA-er
5,077 specimens, is now readily accessible and card catalogued. The
Wf rk of arranging the collection of skeletons is almost exclusively
due to the volunteer serA'ices of Dr. A. AA^etmore. Considerable time

EEPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 83

Avas spent by the associate curator, Dr. C. W. Richmond, as in a
preceding year, in piecing together old records of distribution of
specimens to other institutions. The importance of this work may be
easily perceived when it is s-tated that numerous actual type speci-
mens are sometimes involved, the tracing and recovery of which
amply repays for the trouble involved. As an illustration of the
occasional success attending these efforts, Doctor Richmond cites the
discovery that a collection of over three hundred and fifty mounted
birds had been sent to the Chicago Academy of Sciences in 1881.
The correspondence furnished the clue that they had been sent as a
loan, and an examination of the invoice which was finally brought to
light made it apparent that several type specimens had been included.
A few of the latter were returned in 1903, but the remainder could
not then be located. Information having been received in 1919 that
the Academy was disposing of all its old collection in an endeavor to
concentrate on certain educational lines, a request Avas made for the
return of all material with Smithsonian labels resulting in the re-
coA'ery of no less than 268 specimens. Careful examination disclosed
among them seven additional type specimens and a considerable num-
ber of important specimens, chiefly from the collection of the United
States Exploring Expedition. All these were thoroughly cleaned
and made into study skins furnishing enough work to keep the taxi-
dermists busy for some time. The types recovered were as follows:
TJialassklroma inlunibea^ Sterna antarctica^ Caprimulgus conterminus^
R alius luridus. Geospiza peruviensis, all described by Peale, Ecto-
pistes margineUa Woodhouse, and Anser rossl Baird. Incidental to
other curatorial work, a number of unnumbered skins which at some
early date had been distributed in the collection without having been
catalogued and numbered were picked out and the deficiency sup-
plied.

In the division of reptiles the annual cleaning of the shelves and
examination of all the jars in the collection for the purpose of re-
plenishing the alcohol Avas nearly completed. The transfer of Mr.
Godbold early in March to another office resulted in a temporary
discontinuation of the card catalogue of the specimens.

Division of Fishes. — Both the upper and lower floors of the storage
haA'e been thoroughh' gone over, the containers refilled Avhere neces-
sary, bottles and shelves cleaned, many labels restored, and, Avhere
necessary, specimens changed to more suitable receptacles. The ad-
dition of the family numbers to the labels has been completed with
the exception of a fcAv small collections.

Division of Insects. — In Coleoptera, Diptera, Heniiptera, and Ha'^-
menoptera the named collections are being graduall}^ transferred
into the tray system of installation. The cork-lined draAvers are
turned over to the section of Lepidoptera Avhen emptied b}'^ this proc-

84 EEPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020.

ess, considerable progress liaving been made during the year. Thus
in Diptera about 100 draAvers have been arranged in the new sj'stem.
Tn the section of Hymenoptera, it was possible to install 21 new tem-
})orary but dust-proof cases, Avhich has permitted the rearrange-
ment of much of the unclassified material and eliminated many
Schmidt boxes. The new cases are built to hold 12 regular Museum
drawers and are placed on top of the permanent steel cases. The
unclassified material has been assembled and condensed so it can
be examined critically and placed where it belongs. The cynipoid
gall wasjDS have all been assembled by Mr. L. H. Weld. All of the
chalcids haAe been assembled, largely due to the activities of Mr.
Gahan, and Mrs. C. J. Weld has started to arrange a large portion
of the members of the family Chalcididae. The bees have been
brought together in one named series by the assistance of Prof.
T. D. A. Cockerell, of the University of Colorado, whose help has
been of the greatest A^alue.

In the division of marine invertebrates all the collections have been
overliauled and as far as possible put in order, and solutions, contain-
ers, and labels renewed in all cases Avhere necessarv. The sorting of
mixed small mollusk material has been continued, much of it arranged
and blank labelled ready for registration and specific identification.
Sorting of the miscellaneous alcoholic invertebrates into component
groups has been continued. The segregating of the echinoderms
from the rest of the marine invertebrates, entails the shifting of the
entire alcoholic storage, exclusiA'e of mollusks, which is under Avay.
This Avas necessitated by the creation of the ncAv division of echino-
derms. The cataloguing of the various groups of alcoholic inver-
tebrates has been continued. The material has been placed in its
systematic position in the storage stacks. In the mollusks the rear-
ranging of the East Coast collections has been continued, the Gas-
tropods have been completed, and the work on the Pelecjq^ods is Avell
under way. The Scaphopods have not only been rearranged, but a
re])ort thereon has been prepared by Mr. John B. Henderson.

As the division of echinoderms Avas established only in April, 1920,
the Avork of removal of the dried collections to the ncAv location has
occupied most of the time. Of the alcoholic material only the cri-
noids haA'e as yet been moved, and their rearrangement is still un-
finished. OAving to other pressing Avork and lack of assistance, the
readjustment of the collections has of necessity been delayed.

Mr, W. R. Maxon, associate curator, reports that in the division of
plants the curatorial Avork connected Avith the upkeep and increase of
the National Herbarium has progressed satisfactorily during the
past fiscal year. In particular the return of Mr. Leonard and the em-
ployment of ]Mr. Killi]) as aid haA'e been of material assistance in
routine matters. In addition to the distribution of a considerable

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 85

accumulation of mounted specimens, the material of several large
genera has been rearranged and put thoroughly in order. A distri-
bution of specimens recently mounted and recorded is planned for
tlie present summei-. in so far as this will be possible in view of the
limited amount of room available in the present linear sec[uence of
cases. The difficulty of securing mounters has been less acute than
during the preceding 3^ear, and in consequence about 18,000 specimens
huxQ been mounted, chiefly by contract. Mounting of specimens is
stdl in arrears, however, between 12,000 and 15,000 specimens re-
maining unmounted at the "present time. A considerable portion of
these Avill be mounted under requisitions outstanding. Tlie work of
segregating type and duplicate type specimens from the main her-
barium has been continued at intervals, and 9,477 specimens have now
been distinctively labeled, catalogued, placed in individual covers,
and added to the so-called type herbarium.

The general character of the work of the preparators has been
indicated above in connection with the report on the work done with
regard to the exhibition series. Besides this the taxidermists and
other preparators did much work for the various divisions on the
study material. Thus 49 mammals, birds, and reptiles, some of them
quite large, received in the flesh from the National Zoological Park
or other sources, were skinned and prepared. A large number of
older mounted specimens of the same orders not desired in the ex-
liibition series were made over into study skins, among them many
important species, including types, as related above. A number of
older specimens sent out to educational institutions had also to be
gone over, cleaned, and packed. In addition to the specimens
mounted and placed on exhibition there were also a number of un-
finished mounts in various stages of completeness at the end of the
year. Mr. W. L. Brown finished the mounting of the West African
buffalo and in addition tanned or worked up 66 mammal skins, in-
cluding gorillas, chimpanzees, buffaloes, etc. Owing to the protracted
absence on account of failing health of the bird taxidermist, Mr.
Brown was also intrusted with a considerable amount of work ni mount-
ing and dismounting birds. Mr. George Marshall was mostly engaged
in mounting smaller mammals and in repair work. Mr. Xelson K.
Wood, the bird taxidermist, was absent on account of ill health
for four and a half months. The most difficult cases of mountinof
and remounting old and valuable specimens are reserved for his skill,
and 10 birds were added by him to the exhibition series, while 165
of the most precious historical specimens were dismounted for the
type and study series. Mr. J. W. Scollick, the osteologist, was
mostly engaged in attending to the vast accumulation of bird skele-
tons, of Avhich he cleaned not less than 156, two mammal skeletons,
and one snake skull. Under his supervision 51 mammal skeletons.

86 EEPOET OF -NATIOHAL, MUSEUM, 1920.

211 large mammal skulls, and one set of leg bones were cleaned. Mr.
C. E, Mirgiiet, preparator, attended to most of the work involved in
the hanging of the game heads in the main stairway. He also had
the immediate supervision of the cleaning of the large exhibition
groups and similar work. The mounting of a large monitor lizard
for the exhibition series as well as a large amount of preparatorial
work for the study series of reptiles, particularly turtles, fell to
his share. Mr. C. E. ^Y. Aschemeier, after his return from Africa
with the Collins-Garner expedition, has been assisting Mr. Brown
and Mr, Marshall and has made up 132 mammal skins and 5 bird
skins. It should be noted that the time of the taxidermists, prepara-
tors, and cleaners early in the j'ear was taken up with the work of
adjusting and fitting up their new cjuarters after the removal of
the shops from the old stable and the shed south of the Smithsoniai;
building. Mr. "William Palmer was chiefly occupied Avith the rear-
rangement of the District of Columbia exhibit and the preparatorial
work incidental thereto, including the mounting of several mammals
and birds, and casts of amphibians. He also attended to the re-
arrangement of the general bird exhibit. He also spent considerable
time in securing and verifying data for new labels for a considerable
part of the mammal collections, a task requiring much research in the
older records. He was sent to Jacksonville, Florida, twice to report
upon and later to attend to the packing and shipping of a whale
skeleton purchased and presented to the Museum by the Miami
Aquarium Association through its president, Mr. James A. Allison,
As it had not been received in Washington until after the expiration
of the fiscal A'ear, this notable addition v\-ill be dealt with in next
year's report.

The present condition of the collections, in spite of considerable
crowding in certain lines must, on the whole, be characterized as very
good. Allusion has already been made to the fact that a consider-
able part of the exhibition series is stored away and inaccessible to
the public. This condition is not conducive to its best conservation,
as the crowded location of the cases makes a close and frequent in-
spection difficult. Tliey have been attended to, disinfected, and re-
paired as occasion demanded. The reports from the divisions also
indicate satisfactory conditions. It should be borne in mind that
this favorable result is to a great extent due to the fact that it has
been possible during the last few years to keep up with the work
and to properly care for the collections partly on account of the
lessened influx of specimens during the war, partly because it has
been possible in those years to employ temporary assistance. The
greater activity Avhich now has set in is threatening to set us back as
we were before, unless additional assistance can be had. This is par-
ticularly true of the two large divisions, the marine invertebrates

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 87

and the insects. The exact condition of the echinoderm collections
will not be known definitely until the new curator has had time to
thoroughly overhaul the collection.

The present condition of the herbarium, in the Avords of the asso-
ciate curator, is in general as satisfactory as might be expected con-
sidering the smallness of the staff and the numerous and varied du-
ties involved. The crowding of specimens in the general herbarium
will necessarily remain acute until additional space has been pro-
vided by the balcony planned for the west end of the herbarium hall.
The erection of such a balcony has been accepted as the most feasilde
means of providing additional case room, and it is hoped that this
project may be taken up and speedily pushed to completion. The
cryptogamic herbaria remain practically as at the close of the last
fiscal year. Following the practice of previous years in distributing
duplicates as promptl}' as they can be sent out to advantage or cir-
cumstances will permit, there is no considerable accumulation of
duplicate material. The specimens on hand at the present time are
mainly valuable material from Alaska, British East Africa, Panama,
and Mexico, aggregating about 20,000 specimens and filling about
ten unit cases separate from the herbarium proper. These are nearly
all unmounted. A considerable portion Avill be sent out during the '
coming 3'ear.

REHEAKfllES FOll THE KEXEFIT OF THE SIUSEUM.

The appended bibliography to some extent reflects the scientific
activities of the Museum staff, inasmuch as it enumerates the publica-
tions that have actually been publislied during the 3'ear. An enor-
mous amount of research work does not find expression in this way
and, in fact, does not find expression except on the labels of the speci-
mens in the collections and on the pages of the Museum catalogues.
A great number of specimens of the more common and conspicuous
species, especially of our own flora and fauna, may be identified off-
hand at a mere glance or a rapid examination, but with the increasing
influx of material from distant and unexplored regions, it often
requires long and Aveary search through a technical literature scat-
tered through innumerable scientific books, periodicals, and transac-
tions of learned societies and published in many and often little
known languages. Moreover, not only are the collectors devoting
more time and labor to the search for the more minute objects, but
modern research tends toward more and more refinement, and ex-
tends to more and more minute structures. Where formerly a macro-
scopic inspection or a small hand lens Avas considered sufficient, a
greater poAver or the assistance of the binocular microscope is now
required. In many cases it is even necessary for the Museum Avorker
to actually monograph a AA'hole group before he is enabled to identify
his collection, Avork svhich does not ahvaj's lead to publication, at

88 REPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

least not immediatel3^ It is very rarely that any of the members of
the staff can devote himself exclusively to one subject at the time,
and many of their investigations require j^ears of accumulation of
specimens and observations before they can be finished.

Division by division the scientific work of the staff which has
resulted in or is expected to result in publication may be summa-
rized as follows :

Mr. Gerrit S. Miller, jr., found it impracticable to devote much
time to original investigation during the past year. Dr. Robert
Kidgway, curator of birds, Avho had been detailed for the purpose,
continued his work on the uncompleted portion of Bulletin 50,
The Birds of North and Middle America. Volume 9 is now in
preparation and of the groups included the Phasianidae and Odon-
toplioridae have received special attention, while the synonymy and
references to literature relating to the rest of the volume have
demanded an unusual proportion of the time. It is hoped that
very soon the remaining groups to be included in this part may
be taken in hand and the volume completed. Dr. Charles W. Rich-
mond, associate curator, in collaboration with Mr. B. H, Swales,
continued to gather data for a report on the birds of the Island
of Haiti. Much time and study was also devoted to the type speci-
mens with the view of preparing, also with the assistance of Mr.
Swales, a list of the type specimens of birds in the National ^fu-
seum. Mr. J. H. Riley, aid, continued his studies of the Celebes
collection made by Mr. H. C. Raven. In the division of reptiles,
Dr. Leonhard Stejneger continued his study of the turtles, espe-
cially those of Mexico. Dr. F. X. Blanchard, aid, completed his
monograph of the king snakes during the year, and the manu-
script is now in the hands of the Public Printer.

Mr. B. A. Bean, assistant curator of fishes, has devoted some time
to the study of the fishes of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition, in
conjunction with Mr. Henry W. Fowler, of the Academy of Natu-
ral Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and a paper by them on
a collection of Chinese fishes made by Dr. N. Cist Gee has been
submitted and is now in press for the Museum Proceedings.

In the division of insects the associate curator, Dr. J. M. Aldrich,
has studied the genera and species of the dijjterous family Antho-
mviidae more than anv otlier during the vear. He lias several
incomplete papers on liand, the principal one having been de-
layed by the attempt to get some information regarding types in
foreign museums. Mr. A. N. Caudell, custodian of Orthoptera
has prci^ared and publislied a study of structure of the rare order
Zora])tera. Other members of the honorary staff have been study-
ing tlie classification of the groups committed to them, and nearly
all luive published descriptions of new genera and species.

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSFAtm, 1020. 89

Dr. William H. Dull, honorary curator of mollnsks, lias completed
liis "Annotated List of the recent Brachiopoda in the collection of
the T'^nited States National Mnseum with descriptions of thirty-
three new forms."' The summary of the Xorth AVest coast marine
mollusk fauna from the Polar Sea to San Diego, California. Avas
finished and the galley proof read. A report on the marine mollusk
fauna of the HaAvaiian Islands is begun and in progress. Mr. John
1^. Henderson, regent of the Smithsonian Institution, has continued
his studies of the P^ast American Mollusca, devoting the greater
part of each day to assembling in one large study series the large
accumulation of mollusks from the West Atlantic received by the
Museum during the last thirt}^ years, uniting these with the original
East Coast collection. This is a continuation of work begun last year,
and is still in progress. His monograph of the Western Atlantic
tScapliopoda is noAv going through press and will be issued shortly.
He is also joint author with Dr. Paul Bartsch, of a new classification
of the American " Cyclostomidae,'' now in press. He has likewise
cooperated with the curator in the continuation of the work on a
report on the mollusk fauna of the Beaufort, Xorth Carolina region,
for the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. He and Dr. Carlos de la Torre,
of Havana, Cuba, are co-authors in a report on new operculate land-
shells of Cuba, Avhich is about to go to press. He has made slight
jn-ogress in his monograph of the American Tectibranchs. Dr. Mary
J. Eathbun has completed a report on the brachyuran crabs of the
American ^Museum of Natural History Congo Expedition, 1909-1915,
which numbers nearly 3,000 specimens. She has also completed a
report on the brachyuran crabs of the expedition by the State Uni-
versity of loAva to Barbados and Antigua in 1918, and has continued
work on the bulletin on the spider crabs of America. She is prepar-
ing^ a report on the brachyrliynchous crabs obtained by the Australian
Fisheries Investigation ship Endecrv our, the second paper in the series
on decapods, to be published by the Commonwealth of Australia.
The curator, in addition to the time given to executive Avork, has
been engaged in the preparation of reports on various groups of
mollusks, as shoAvn by his bibliography. In addition several other
papers are now going through press. He has also continued his
researches on the Nudibranch mollusks of the Philippines: also,
on another monograph of the Caecidae of the AVest Coast of America.
He likewise continued his Avork upon the marine mollusks of the
Mazatlanic faunal area. The report on the mollusks of the region
about Beaufort. North Carolina, is nearly completed. Continued
observations and studies in connection Avith liis Cerion experiments
have been made. He has also begun a comprehensive survey of the
American shipAvorms.

90 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020.

Mr. Waldo L, Sclimitt, associate curator, has continued -work upon
liis reports on the Macrura and Anomura of the American Museum
Congo Expedition, and the State University of Iowa Barbados-
Antigua Expedition. The various other minor researches of pre-
A'ious years have been continued as time has permitted. In addition,
studies have been undertaken upon a large collection of specimens of
the family Peneidae submitted to this Institution by the Australian
Museum for report, and at the same time the material belonging to
this same group contained in the Museum collections is being worked
up. His only report published during the year is that upon die
Schizopod Crustaceans of the Canadian Arctic Expedition. ISIr.
"William B. Marshall, assistant curator, in the time he has found
a\'ailable has continued his study of the pearly fresh water mussels,
especially the Diplodons and Anodontites. His report on " New
species of fresh-water shells from Guatemala " is now going through
press. Another on " Tliree new Naiaids from Uruguay " is com
pleted, except for illustrations. Mr. C. E. Shoemaker, aid, has de-
voted the time available for research to working up and cataloguing
the unidentified collection of Amphipod crustaceans and incorporat-
ing it Avith the permanent collections. He has also determined tlie
various collections of Amphipods transmitted for report bj^ various
institutions and individuals, in connection with which two reports.
'- The Amphipods of the Canadian Arctic Expedition " and " The
Amphipods of the Congo Expedition of the American Museum of
Natural History," are now going through press. Miss Pearl L.
Boone, aid, has continued her studies of the Isopods when oppor-
tunity offered, and completed a number of papers describing new
genera and species, now going through the press or ready for the
printer. She has also in preparation a paper entitled '' Studies of
South American Isopods " and a monographic report on the Cephalo-
pod mollusks of the Albatross Philippine Expedition. Dr. Charles
W. Stiles, Assistant Surgeon General and custodian of the helmin-
thological collections. Dr. B. H. Ransom, assistant custodian, and
Dr. P. E. Garrison, U. S. N., have continued their investigations on
the parasites of man and other anmials. Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan,
custodian of Madreporarian corals, has devoted the major portion of
his time to geological researches in connection with Avhicli he has
consulted the recent coral collections of the U. S. National JNluseum.
Mr. Harry K. Harring, custodian of Rotatoria, has continued his
studies of the rotifers of the District of Columbia and Wisconsin,
and other states.

Mr. Austin H. Clark, curator of echinoderms, reexamined a
largo part of the collection of Atlantic crinoids in connection
with his forthcoming report upon tlic crinoids of the Danish
Imjolf expedition, Avhich Avill take the form of a treatise on the

TiEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020. 91

crinoids of the Atlantic basin and tlie adjacent seas similar in
scope to his memoir on the crinoids of the Indo-Pacific published
in the Siboga reports. Work was also continued on Part 3 of
Bulletin 83, Aviiich will contain the sj'stematic account of the
comatulids.

Special investigations which have been begun, continued or com-
pleted during the year in the division of plants are as follows : ]Slr.
Frederick V. Coville, curator, has continued his investigations upon
the breeding and propagation of blueberries {V aeciniuiii) ^ making
use of the material in the National Herbarium as in previous years.
Dr. J. X, Eose, associate curator, has continued his studies of the
Cactaccae^ in collaboration with Dr. X. L. Brition, Director-in-Chief
of the New York Botanical Garden, work which has been under way
since 1911 under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution of Wa'sh-
ington. Volume 1 of the Cactaceae was published in 1918. Volume
2 Avill appear in July or August, 1920. Of the two remaining vol-
umes, manuscript for Volume 3 has been completed and submit-
ted for publication, and work upon Vokmie 4 is well advanced.
Doctor Eose is engaged, also, in identifying his Ecuadorean collec-
tion of 1918, with a view to publishing a complete report upon the
collection as a whole; Mr. William E. Maxon, associate curator, has
continued his studies of the ferns of tropical America and of the
Pacific coast region of the United States, manuscript of the latter
being nearly complete. Several short papers have been published.
The Jamaican field work elsewhere inentioned was undertaken
largely to provide additional material for use in connection with a
descriptive account of the pteridophyta of Jamaica, to be published
by the British Museum; Mr. Paul C Standley. assistant curator,
continuing his studies upon the trees and shrubs of Mexico, has com-
pleted manuscript for a second part of the volume. His collections
from Glacier National Park, mentioned elscAvhere, have served as
the basis for two manuscripts upon the flora of that region, both
submitted for publication, the first a popular account to be published
by the National Park Service, the second a technical account to be
published by the National Museum. In collaboration with Mr. Fred-
erick V. Coville, he is engaged also upon the Flora of Alaska, a part
of the report of the Harrinum Alaska Expedition; ]\Ir. Emery C.
Leonard, aid, has been engaged in a revision of the genus Scutel-
laria; ^Ir. Ellsworth P. Killip, aid, has undertaken a revision of the
tropical North American species of the genus Passifora and has the
work well advanced toward completion.

Dr. C. Hart Merriam, associate in zoology, continued his work on
North American bears. Mr. N. HoUister, Superintendent of the
National Zoological Park, has completed the primates of part 3 of
the report on East African mammals in the United States National

92 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

JSIuseiim (Bulletin 09) based lar<>ely on the material collected by
the Smithsonian African Expedition under the direction of Col.
Theodore RooseA^elt, 1909-10, and the Paul J. Ra^ney African Ex-
]>edition, 1911-1912. He also made some progress on the Artio-
dactyla, but is seriouslj' hampered by the present inconvenient ar-
rangement of the specimens on three different floors of the Museum.
Dr. O. P. Hay, of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, District
of Columbia, has made constant use of the collection in connection
■with his AYork on the Pleistocene fauna of North America. Dr.
"W. AV. GraAes, of St. Louis, Missouri, spent about a week examining
the shoulder blades of the primates and certain other mammals in
connection with his study of human scapulae.

Dr. W. L. Abbott, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, associate in
zoology, examined the birds of Haiti and Santo Domingo in con-
nection with work he had recently done on the island, and Avith
respect to further needs of the Museum. Mr. A. C. Bent, Taunton,
JSlassachusetts, spent three days examining the eggs and terns, and
selecting specimens for illustration in the next bulletin on life his-
tories of North American birds. Mr. Francis Harper, of the Bio-
logical Survej^, Avorked out the identifications of Aarious specimens
collected in France, and of diving petrels. Dr. Alexander Wetmore,
also of the Survey, continued his volunteer Avork among the skele-
tons and alcoholics, particularly the former, and in making special
determinations of skeletal material as needed by the Museum. Dr.
H. C. Oberholser, of the same survey, continued to determine speci-
mens in the Museum collections, both in the North American series
and in the JNlalaA^an material collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott and
others. jNIr. W. H. Osgood, Field Museum of Natural History,
Chicago, Illinois, Avas instrumental in furnishing information that
led to the recovery of the important type material of birds from the
Chicago Academy of Sciences, mentioned above.

Dr. Thomas Barbour, of the Museum of ComparatiA-e Zoology,
during several visits examined and identified reptiles and amphibi-
ans in connection Avith his studies of West Indian herpetology.
Mr. E. E. Dunn, of the same museum, identified a number of sala-
manders during his visits to the INIuseum, and Mr. G. K. Noble, of
the American Museum of Natural History, NeAv York, Avas likeAvise
helpful in connection Avith South American amphibians.

In the diA'ision of fishes Mr. AValter Koelz examined the Avhite-
fishes in connection Avith his Avork for the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries.
Doctor Kendall, of the same bureau, examined certain Scorpaenoid
fishes of the Avest coast for the purpose of more certain identification
of specimens collected by Doctor Coker in Peru. Dr. Carl PI. Eigen-
mann. State University of Indiana, determined 47 specimens of fishes
collected in South America by Dr. J. N. Rose.

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 19'20. 93

Tlie division of insects has been Lenefited by the work of many
workers not officially connected with the Museum. Thus Mrs. C. J.
Weld has been a voluntary worker in Hymenoptera and has given
much time to the classification of the family Chalcididae. Prof.
T. D. A. Cockerell, of the University of Colorado, has identified
many species of be^s within the year. Mr. Nathan Banks, of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, and Dr.
R. V. Chamberlin, of the same institution, have identified spiders
and myriopods, respectivel3^ Prof. A. L. INIalander, Pullman,
Washington, has returned with determinations many species of flies
of the family Borboridae, sent him in previous years. C. H. Ken-
nedy, Cornell University, has determined nymphs of Odonata. Con-
siderable work has been done by many members of the staff of the
Bureau of Entomology, the following being particularly mentioned:
Mr. R. A. Cushman has continued his investigations of the Ichneu-
mon flies and has also undertaken the identification of Philippine
Ichneumonidae collected by Mr. C. F. Baker and from the material
already received has named and described a nmnber of species.
Mr. Robert M. Fonts spent the summer of 1919 working under the
direction of Mr. A. B. Gahan on the Serphoid parasites, especially
those of the family Platygasteridae, while Mr. Gahan has continued
to spend most of his time working on Chalcids. He also supervised
the Avork of Mr. C. F. W. Musebeck on the Braconid genus Apan-
teJes. Dr. William M. ISIann has continued his work on ants and
has completed his work on the collections he made in the Fiji Islands
and the West Indies. Reports on these have been submitted for
])ublication. The revision of the North American Phytophagous
chalcid-flies of the genus Hannolita by Messrs. W. J. Phillips and
AY. T. P^mer}^ has been published and all the material incorporated
in tlie collection. Mr. P. H. Timberlake finished his revision of the
genera IlomaJotylns and Isodroimis which has been published by the
Museum. Mr. L. H. Weld prepared a manuscript which has been
submitted for publication, on the subterranean American Cynipid
galls on oaks.

The division of marine invertebrates is particularly dependent
u]ion specialists mostly connected Avith institutions located outside
of Washington, owing to the insufficiency of the Museum staff.
Whenever material in certain groups arrives for determination of
deposit, it is sent to men engaged in research upon these special
lines. While many of those enumerated below have not received new
material during the year, everyone either has in his possession some
Museum collections transmitted in previous years, or a report on
such material is now in press. This voluntary staff for the fiscal 3'ear
consisted of: Dr. Henry B. Bigelow (Medusae. Ctenophora), Dr.
L. R. Cary (Alcyonarians), Dr. R. V. Chamberlin (Gephyrea), Dr.

94 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

AVesley R. Coe (Nemerteans), Dr. Leon J. Cole (Pycnogonidas), Dr.
Joseph A. Ciishman (Foraminifera), Prof. G. S. Dodds (Freshwater
Entomostraca), Dr. Max Ellis (Discodrilids), Dr. C. O. Esterly
(Free-swimming Copepods), Dr. Walter Faxon (Crayfishes), Prof.
Ernest Carroll Faust (Trematodes), Dr. Maurice C. Hall (Discodri-
lids), Mr. Sanji PIdzawa (Calcareous sponges), Dr. A. T. Huntsman
(Ascidians), Prof. Chauncey Juday (Daphniidae), Dr. C. Dwijilit
Marsh (Free-swimming Copepods), Miss Ruth Marshall (Water-
mites), Dr. Alfred G. Mayor (Scyphomedusae), Dr. Maynard M.
Metcalf (Salpa and Pyrosoma), Dr. J. Percy Moore (Annelids,
Leeches). Dr. Charles C. Nutting (Hydroids), Dr. Raymond C.
Osburn (Brj-ozoa), Dr. Henry A. Pilsbry (Barnacles, Molliisks).
Mr. Madoka Sasaki (Cephalopod Mollusks), Prof. Frank Smith
(EartliAvorms), Dr. Victor Sterki (Sphaeriidae), Prof. Harry B..
Torre}^ (Actinians), Dr. Aaron L. Treadwell (Annelids), Dr. Wil-
lard G. Van Name (Ascidians), Prof. L. B. Walton (Planarians),
Dr. Paul Welch (Enchytraeidae), Dr. Charles B. AVilson (Parasitic
Copepods).

The study of the tertiary fossil mollusks is so closely connected
with that of recent ones that the paleontologists of the Geological
Survey are spending much time in studying the latter in our collec-
tions. Thus Dr. C. W. Cook spent several months in the division
consulting the recent mollusk collections in connection with liis
studies of the Eocene and Oligocene faunas, continued in the inter-
vals of field Avork for the Geolooical Survev. Dr. W. P. Woodrino;
has spent the greater part of the year in the division consulting the
recent mollusk collections in connection with his studies of the
Miocene faunas of Jamaica and of the Dominican Republic. Dr.
Jidia A. Gardner has resumed her geological studies since her return
from France returning to her desk in the Museum in April, consult-
ino- the recent mollusk collections in connection with her studies of
tlie Oligocene faunas.

Tlie assistance of specialists in the various subdivisions' of the
ecliinoderms has been similarly taken advantage of as in the other
marine invertebrates, and various Museum collections are in their
hands. The more notable are: Dr. Hubert Lyman Clark (Philip-
pine Holothurians) , Dr. Theodor Mortensen (Philippine Echinoids),
Dr. Joseph Pearson (East Indian Holothurians), Prof. Walter K.
Fisher (North Pacific Starfishes), Prof. Addison E. Verrill (various
Starfishes).

Daring the year the National Herbarium lias been consulted fre-
quently, as heretofore, l^y many members of the scientific staffs of the
Department of Agriculture, Dr. S. F. Blake and IVIr. C. V. Piper, of
the Bureau of Plant Industry, having given considerable time to
critical work upon several groups.

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM^ 1920. 95

Correspondents whose co-operation has resulted in adding to the
vahie of material in the diA'ision of plants are without exception
those to whom specimens haA^e been transmitted for critical study as
detailed further on. iVs a matter of fact, it is in most instances im-
possible to discriminate between the benefits accruing to the National
Museum by such researches and those derived by other institutions.

BESEARCHES ELSEWHERE AIDED BY MUSEUM MATERIAL.

The National Museum considers it not only a duty, but a privilege,
whenever it can be done without jeopardizing the safety of the collec-
tions or interfering seriously with important work already under-
taken, to lend its material to scientific investigators in this and other
countries. This liberal policy, Avhich in most instances is cordially
reciprocated, is abundantly taken advantage of, as the details beloAv
will show. The laboratories andstudy series are similarly open to all
research students who visit the capital for the purpose of examining
specimens or investigating means and methods, and the curators are
ahvays willing to assist to the extent of their ability.

Tlie following list of visitors who have availed themselves of these
privileges testifies to the degree to which the opportunity is appre-
ciated. The bird and egg collections were examined by Harry B.
Bailey, Newport News, Virginia; Mr. Alfred M. Bailey, New Or-
leans, Louisiana; Dr. F. PI Blaauw, of Holland; Mr. James P.
Chapin, American Museum of Natural History, New York Citj-;
Mr. H. K. Coale and Mr. Colin C. Sanborn, of Highland Park, and
Chicago, Illinois; Dr. Jonathan Dwiglit, New York; Mr. H. I.
Hartshorn, New York; Prof. Tamiji Kawamura, Imperial Univer-
sity, Kyoto, Japan; Mr. Walter Koelz, Bureau of Fisheries, Wasli-
ington; Messrs. W. H. Osgood and Conover, of Chicago, Illinois;
Lieut. James L. Peters, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Dr. John C.
Phillips, AVenham, Massachusetts ; Capt. Ernest Samusson, LT. S. A. ;
Dr. L. C. Sanford, New Haven, Connecticut; Mr. W. L. Sclater,
London, England ; Mr. Charles Sheldon, Washington ; Mr. Harry S.
Swarth, Berkeley, California; Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd, Pittsburgh,
Penns3dvania ; Mr. Edward Arnold, Montreal, Canada; Mr. Wilson
C. Hanna, Colton, California; Mr. Nathan Moran, San Francisco,
California; Mr. G. P. Rossignol, SaA-annah, Georgia; Mr. John M,
Sommer, Baltimore, Maryland; Dr. R. W. Shufeldt, Washington
City. Reptiles and amphibians Avere examined by seA^eral of the
members of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetolo-
gists during the annual meeting Avhich Avas held at the Museum in
May, among them INIiss Crystal Thompson, Curator of the INIuseum
of Amherst College. JNIiss Cora Peeves, SoocIioav, China, visited the
division of fislies for the purpose of identifj'ing colored drawings

96 REPORT OF ^^ATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

of fishes made by a Chinese artist. A number of outside entomolo-
jrists studied various groups of insects: Dr. G. Crampton, Massa-
chusetts Agricultural College; Dr. and Mrs. C. Bonne, of Parama-
ribo; Mr. Ray T. Webber, Beverly, Massachusetts; Mr. E. D. Ball,
Ames, ToAva (now Assistant Secretary of Agriculture) ; Dr. "William
Barnes, Decatur, Illinois, and S. E. Cassino, Salem, Massachusetts;
Prof. H. F. Wickham, Iowa City, Iowa; H. C. Fall, Tyngsboro,
Massachusetts; R. W. Dawson, Lincoln, Nebraska; S. W. Frost,
Arendtsville, Pennsylvania; Dr. A. II. Sturtevant, of the genetics
division of the Rockefeller Institution ; Prof. James S. Hine. Univer-
sity of Ohio. Mollusks Avere studied by Mr. and Mrs. T. S. Oldroyd,
of Stanford University, California and by Mr. Walter F. Webb,
Rocliester, New York. Dr. AV. G. Van Name made a preliminary
survey of the Museum collections of east American and West Indian
Ascidians. Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Toronto, Canada, examined cray-
fishes. The helminthological collections Avere utilized by Capt. R.
Danbury, of the British Board of Agriculture ; Dr. John Scott, of
tlie Wj'oming Agricultural College, and Dr. S. YokogaAva, of Korea.
Among the professional botanists from other cities Avho have Avorked
in the herbarium during the year are the folloAving: JSIrs. Adele
I^CAvis Grant, of the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri;
Mr. Oton Jimenez, San Jose, Costa Rica ; Prof. J. F. Rock, formerly
of the College of HaAvaii, Honolulu, HaAvaii; Dr. L. H. Bailey,
Itluica, New York; Dr. N. L. Britton, Dr. H. H. Rusby, Dr. J. H.
Barnhart, Dr. Fred J. Seaver, and Dr. Francis W. Pennell. of the
New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, Ncav York City.

Requests for loan of the specimens as an aid in the study of their
own material Avere received from a large number of outside investi-
L^ators and institutions. IMammals AA^ere sent to Dr. A. J. Allen, JNIr.
H. E. Anthony, and Mr. H. Lang, of the American Museum of
Natural History, Ncav York City, and to Dr. J. Grinnell, of the
^Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UniA^ersity of California. Birds
were loaned to Dr. Frank M. Chapman and Mr. W. de W. INIiller, of
the American Museum of Natural History; Mr. R. C. INIcGregor, of
Bureau of Science, Manila, Philippine Islands ; Mr. Joseph Mailliard,
of the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California;
Mr. W. E. Clyde Todd, of the Carnegie INIuseiun, Pittsburgh, Penn-
sylvania; Mr. Henry K. Coale, Highland Park, Illinois; Dr. Jona-
than DAvight, NeAV York City ; Mr. II. C. Robinson and Mr. C. B.
Kloss, of the Federated Malay States Museum, Kuala Lumpur, Fed-
erated Malay States ; Mr. Charles B. Cory, of the Field INIuseum of
Natural Flistory, Chicago, Illinois; Mr. Outram Bangs and Thomas
E. Penard, of the Museum of Comi)arative Zoology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts; INIr. J. Eugene LaAv, of the Museum of Vertebrate

RKPOllT OF XATIOXAL :\iU,SEU:M, 1!)20. 97

Zoology, Universit}' of Californiii; Dr. Iv. W. ShufelJt, Wtislniiirton
City; and Mr. Arthur T. WiiA'iie, ^Sloiint Pleasant, South Carolina.
From the division of reptiles and batrachians specimens ^vere
loaned to Miss ]\I. C. Dickerson and Mr. G. K. Xoble, of the American
Museum of Natural History; Dr. Thomas Barbour, and Mr. Emmett
I\. Dunn, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology; and to Dr. F. N.
Blanchard, of the INIuseum of the University of Michigan. One speci-
men of fish was forAvarded to Dr. Einar Koefoed, of the Zoological
Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark. A larger number of insects than
usual were sent to outside entomolgists, the larger shipments being-
directed to Dr. F. F. Laidlaw, Hyefield, Devon, England (dragon-
flies) ; Prof. James S. Iline, Columbus, Ohio (Diptera) : Mv. L. H.
Taylor, Bussey Institution, Boston, Massachusetts (cuckoo wasps) ;
Mr. Clarence E. ISlickel, University of Nebraska (velvet ants) ; Mr.
H. M. Parshley, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts (Hemip-
tera) ; and Mr. J. R. Malloch, Urbana, Illinois (Diptera). Marine
invertebrates were sent to Dr. L. A. Borradaile, Selwyn College,
Cambridge, England (crustaceans) ; Dr. Leo J. Cole, UniA'ersity of
Wisconsin (pjTnogonids) ; Mr. Frits Johansen, Geological Survey,
Ottawa, Canada (phyllopods) ; and to Dr. 11. A. Pilsbry, Academy of
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (xVfrican mollusks).
The number of specimens of plants lent to institutions or to indi-
viduals outside of Washington for study during the year was con-
siderably larger than for the past two years, namely, 4,482. Of these
the following deserve special notice : 222 specimens of Poly podium
lent to the Gray Herbarium for study by INIr. C. A. Weatherby, who
is engaged in a monographic study of the difficult group of Pohj-
fod'min lanceolatum ; 44 specimens of Mikania lent to the Gray Her-
barium for study by Prof. B. L. Robinson, who is engaged upon a
revision of the South American members of this genus; 175 speci-
mens of Ruhlaceae lent to the College of Hawaii, Honolulu, HaM'aiian
Islands, for study by Prof. J. F. Rock, for use in connection with his
monographic study of the Hawaiian members of this family; 135
North American specimens of Carex lent to ]\Ir. K. K. Mackenzie,
Maple wood, New Jersey, for stud}' in connection with his mono-
graphic work upon the genus Carex; 128 specimens of Scrophular'ia-
ceae lent to the Missouri Botanical Garden for study by Mrs. Adele
Lewis Grant, chiefly in connection with a monograph of the North
American species of MimuluH; 541 specimens of LeHquereJla and
Synthlijysls lent to the Missouri Botanical Garden for study b}'- Mr.
E. B. Payson, who is engaged upon a revision of these two genera ;
280 specimens lent to the New York Botanical Garden for study by
Dr. P. A. Rydberg, the greater part of these belonging to the difficult
9525°— 2h'3 — -7

98 EEPORT OF NATION- AL MUSEUM, 1920.

genus Arnica, under revision b}^ Doctor Eydberg; 310 specimens,
cliicfly Indigofera, lent to the New York Botanical Garden for mono-
graphic study by Doctor Rydberg; 1,518 specimens of Scrophu-
lariceae, members of the genus Veronica, lent to the New York
Botanical Garden for monographic study by Dr. F. W. Pennell ; and
255 specimens of Bohinia, Coursetia, and related genera, lent to the
New York Botanical Garden for monographic study by Doctor Hyd-
berg.

DISTEIBDTION AND EXCHANGE OF SPECIMENS.

Duplicates distributed to schools, colleges, institutions, and indi-
viduals aggregated 1,874 siDCcimens. of which 1,044: were in 6 sets of
174 mollusks, regularly prepared for this purpose, and one set of 91
fishes similarly prepared.

During the early part of 1919 the associate curator of insects had
one of the preparators collect a considerable quantity of the seven-
teen-year cicada, then abundant, knowing that it does not occur in
many parts of the country. Applications for this material were re-
ceived from many colleges and specimens illustrating nymph, nymph
cases, and adults (100 specimens) were sent to eight.

Exchanges to the number of 13,681 specimens were arranged,
12.918 being botanical. Of the 763 zoological specimens 419 bird
skins from Costa Rica, Celebes, and the Philippines Avere sent to
the American Museum of Natural History, and 170 bird skins from
Celebes to the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The remainder
were disposed of in exchange with various institutions ami indi-
vifhials. The largest exchanges of plants were sent to the Botanical
Museum of the University at Copenhagen, Denmark, and the New
York Botanical Garden. A large number of sets of 500 and 300
specimens each were disposed of to 17 different museums and botani-
cal gardens in this country and abroad.

TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIMENS IN DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGTj INCLUDING NUMBER OF DUPLICATE

SPECIMENS.

The figures given below are not based upon actual counts, but
represent more or less accurate estimates made from time to time.
The total is probably approximately correct. It includes about
180,000 duplicates and superfluous specimens, of wluch a large num-
be)' are available for distribution and exchanges.

Duplicates have not been segregated in several of the divisions
because of lack of help, but especially because so comparatively little
of the material has as yet been monographically worked over. It
should also be remarked that this census does not include the collec-
tions of mammals and birds in the custody of the Biological Survey.

EEPOPvT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

99

In the following" tiil)]e the figures in parenthesis indicate the dupli-
cates:

Div

sion of Maunuiils 76,015

" Birds 284,823 (0,583)

" Reptiles 73, 268

"Fishes 525,630 (79,681)

" Insects 2, 170, 529

" Marine Invertebrates 2,110,632 (21,000)

" Echinoderms - 155,000 (50,000)

" Plants , 1,065,000 (20,000)

Total 6,460,897 (180,264)

REPORT OX THE DEPARTIIEXT OF GEOLOCY,
By Gkorge p. IMkkp.it.t., Head Curator.

The period coA'ered by this report has been one of very consider-
able activity, although the visible results are not great owing to the
fact that a large portion of the time was de^'oted to the study series
and perfection of records.

Changes in orr/anhatlon or stfcff. — AYith the exception of the resig-
nation of Dr. W. T. Schaller, there have been no changes of im-
portance in the organization or personnel of the department during
the year. Although Doctor Schaller's position was that of miner-
alogist and chemist of the United States Geological Survey, he had
for some years served as honorary custodian of the collection of
gems and precious stones, and in this way had rendered great service
in securing mucli new material. His resignation is, therefore, to be
greatly deplored.

Accessions. — Reports from all divisions of the department show
a marked increase in the amount of material received during the
time covered by this report. The total number of accessions is 180
against 135 for the year previous, wdth a very decided increase in the
number of specimens and their scientific value. Of these accessions,
111 were gifts, 32 transfers, 25 received through exchanges, 2 by
collection, 1 as a deposit, and but 9 by purchase. The actual number
of specimens received cannot be given for reasons repeatedly stated
in previous reports. Much of the material has not, as yet, been
unpacked, and moreover, a very considerable amount of that which
is received is discarded without record, and in many instances the
individual specimens are small, perhaps of microscopic proportions,
and their exact number it is not practical to estimate.

Among the accessions of greatest importance mention may be made
of gifts comprising ores of the rare metals, particularly of tungsten
and molybdenum, secured chiefly through the intervention of Mr.
F. L. Hess, honorar}?^ custodian of these collections. A sample of
wolframite from Bukuka, Siberia, was presented by Mr. C. W.
Purington, Vladivostok; a fine, large specimen of gold-tungsten ore
showing ferberite associated with sylvanite, by Mr. J. Gillingham
Hibbs, Denver, Colorado ; two specimens of wolframite embedded in
dolomitic limestone, by the Homestake Mining Company, Lead, South
Dakota ; a large exhibition specimen of high grade molybdenum ore
from Questa, New Mexico, by the R. and S. Molybdenum Companj^;

101

102 EEPORT OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920.

and II considerable quantity of very pure micaceous molybdite from
CiiafFee County, Colorado, by the Molybdenum Mines Company,
Denver.

From Mr. M. L. Patterson, manager of tlie TliabaAvleik mines,
Mergui, Burma, was received a collection of molybdemmi, tin, and bis-
muth ores, including a crystal of cassiterite of unusual size and per-
fection. A fine specimen of the rare tin mineral cylindrite, from
Bolivia, was donated b}' Messrs. Root and Simpson, Denver, Colorado,
and a somewhat unique specimen presented by the Bolivian delegates
to the Second Pan-American Financial Conference is a large sheet
of native copper from the Viscachani mine, Corocoro, which presents
in outline a very perfect similarity to that of the continent of South
America. Dr. J. Morgan Clements of New York, traveling in China
in the interest of the Federal Trade Commission, has forwarded fi-);n
time to time materials of exceptional interest in the form of Chinese
minerals, including magnesite, talc, asbestos, coal, magnetic iron ore,
and the noble serpentine which is so often cut and sold to the unwary
as jade,

Mr. Ho}^ S. Gale, formerly of the U. S. Geological Survey, has pre-
sented the Museum with a very fine series of saline minerals, includ-
ing thenardite and halite from Chile, and syhdte and associated salts
from the Amelie potash mines of Alsace. Rev. N. P. M. Corn of
Marshall, North Carolina, through Doctor Schaller, donated some
exceptional crystals of monazite, and the Geological Commission of
Finland transmitted in exchange granites and other rocks from Fin-
land, and fragments of the Bjurbole meteorite mentioned elsewhere.

To the building stone collection were added five polished slabs of
Tennessee marbles, each 2 by 5 feet, gift of the Gray Knox Marble
Company, Knoxville, and 12 slabs, each 12 by 12 inches, of miscel-
laneous American marbles, gift of the Tompkins-Kiel Marble Com-
pany, New York.

The meteorite collection has been enriched by the following addi-
tions : Two examples of the Colby, AVisconsin, stone, weighing 1,(586
and 1.956 grams, received from the Public Museum of the City of
Milwaukee, and a 27-gram fragment of the Jerome, Kansas, stone,
from Dr. Henry S. Washington, are recorded as gifts. With the
exception of these and one purchase, that of- a 3,320-gram piece of
the Yenberrie, Australia, iron, acquired from Mr. T. Watkin-Brown,
Sydney, New South Wales, all other additions to this collection were
obtained through exchanges, as follows: A 51-gram piece of the
Colby stone, from R. N. Buckstaff, Oshkosh, Wisc(msin; two slabs
of the Cleveland, Tennessee, iron, from the Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia; a slice weighing 2,003 grams of the Wash-
ington County, Kansas, stone and a piece weighing 1,397 grams of
the Kesen, Japan, stone, from AVard's Natural Science Establish-

REPORT OF XATIOXAL MTTSEUM, 1920. 103

ment, Eocliester, Xew York ; samples of three stones, Appley Bridge,
Mornans, and OjSji, from the British ^fusenm (Xatiiral History),
London; some 2,500 grams of fragmental material from the Bjiir-
bole, Finland, stone, from the Geological Commission of Finland:
and a fragment of the Port Orford, Oregon, pallasite, from the
Boston Society of Natural History. The last, while very small,
weighing but 25 grams, is interesting historically, having been taken
from a large mass some 5 feet in diameter in 1856 by Capt. John
Evans, a Government geologist, t\'hile making explorations in Ore-
gon, and supposed by him to be iron ore. Its meteoric nature was
determined by Dr. C. T. Jackson, and an unsuccessful attempt was
apparently made to locate it for the Smithsonian Institution, but
wdiich failed owing to the death of Captain Evans. The single
small specimen w-as lost to sight until some years ago when it w^as
located among the collections of the Boston Society of Natural His-
tory and has now been secured for the Museum, where it doubtless
should have come originally. With the help of Captain Evans's
original manuscript, it has been possible to locate with considerable
certainty the locality of the mountain from which it was obtained,
antl it is hoped that means will be found for undertaking an explora-
tion for this interesting object with the idea of securing the entire
mass for the Museum.

The gem collection has received but few additions. Among these
are a bracelet of amber of peculiar color, purchased through the
Frances Lea Chamberlain fund; a series of garnets and peridots
in the rough from the Navajo Reservation, Arizona, presented
by Mr. Frank Springer; and several hundred small seed pearls
from Panama and five " fairy stones," gifts of Mr. H. P. Petersen.

An excellent series of crystallized native copper and silver with
a number of miscellaneous minerals from the Lake Suj^erior region,
was acquired by purchase and gift from Mrs. James Merton, Chevy
Chase, District of Columbia. Other materials that need to be noted
on account of their unusual character or for having been made the
subject of special research include a sample of lead-bismuth ore
sent by Mr. Tim McCarthy-, Wickes, Montana, which proved to be
a new mineral described under the name hismutoplagionite by Mr.
Earl V. Shannon; sillimanite, variety- bucholzite, from Russell, and
gedrite from Chesterfield. Massachusetts, presented and described
by Mr. Shannon; laumontite from Lewis and Clark County. Mon-
tana, representing an unusual occurrence, presented by Mr. Charles
P. Farnquist, Spokane, Washington, and fragments representing
tlie first American occurrence of the mineral boussingaultite, from
California, gift of Charles W. Fletcher, Los Angeles, also de-
scribed by Mr. Shannon in association with Mr. E. S. Larsen. A
crystal of manganotantalite from Amelia, Virginia, gift of Mr.

104 EEPOKT OF NATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920.

T\an (). Lee. Jei'sey City, Xew Jersey, described by the donor and
Dr. Edgar T. Wherry; an exceptional specimen of tlie mineral
ptilolite from Challis, Idaho, gift of Dr. C. L. Kirtley; one of the
rare mineral nesquehonite, presented by S. G. Gordon, Philadelphia;
one of inyoite from a new locality in Nova Scotia, gift of the Albert
Manufacturing- Company, Hillsboro, Xew Brunswick; and exam-
jDles of tlie rare mineral artinite and demantoid garnets from Italy,
acquired by purchase, also need mention.

As in previous years, a very considerable portion of the accessions
have come from the United States dreological Survey. During the
jjast year these have been unusual in quantity and in scientific value.
They included the original material which had been the subject of
special investigation in tlie chemical laboratory of the vSurve}', as
Avell as interesting additions to our series from the California pegma-
tite deposits, and many miscellaneous minerals, the transfer of which
was incidental to the resignation of Doctor Schaller elsewhere I'e-
ferred to; a described series of manganese ores from western locali-
ties; the reference collection illustrating the report by Mr. F. L.
Kansome on the Ray and Miami copper districts, Arizona, and that
illustrating the ore deposits of Tonopah, Nevada, as described by
Messrs. Edson S. Bastin and Francis B. Lane}'; and, in addition,
about 100 standard drawers containing the collections from the
Yellowstone Park made under the direction of Dr. Arnold Hague
and described, in part, in volume 32 of the Survej'^ Monographs, and
collections from the Southern Appalachians and Nicaragua l)y
Messrs. C. W. IIa3'es and others; also some 80 boxes of miscellaneous
material, chiefly well borings and Alaskan rocks.

Other valuable additions to the study series from the Survey' in-
clude the large collections of Silurian and Devonian invertebrates
assembled by Dr. E. M. Kindle during liis many years with the
Survey and estimated to consist of at least 25,000 specimens, and per-
haps 1,000 specimens from the Lance formation of the Dakotas. com-
prising the types and associated specimens descrii>ed by Dr. T. W.
Stanton in Professional Paper No. 128,

Large collections from various areas in the "West Indies have been
acquired. What is probably the largest single coUectictn of West
Indian or South American fossils that has ever come to the Museum
is one from the Dominican Republic, embracing many hundreds of
species including calcareous algae, foraminifera, corals, echinoids,
crustaceans, and moUusks. These were collected by Dr. T. W.
Yaughan and his associates and presented through the U. S. (ieo-
logical Survey by the Military Government of the Dominican Re-
public.

Accessions comprising some 10,000 specimens of Upper Cambrian
forms from Wisconsin, collected and presented by Mr. AV. (). llotch-

EEPORT OF XATIOX.\L MUSEUM, liy20. 105

kiss, State Geologist, and Dr. E. O. Ulrieh, and some 500 specimens
of Middle and Upper Devonian fossils, a gift of Mr. E. G. Arm-
strong of Erie, Pennsylvania, greatly enriched the study collections
of invertebrates, and INIr. Arthur E. ^Morgan, Chief Engineer of the
]Miami Conservancy District, Daj'ton, Ohio, donated an exliibition
specimen of exceptional value in form of the largest known Amer-
ican trilobite, measuring 17 inches in length and representing a
neAviy described species. There were also received as an exchange
through Ward's Natural Science Estal)lishment, 27 specimens of
fossils, 14 of Avhicli are types.

One of the most valuable accessions to the section of vertebrate
paleontology was a deposit from the Maryland Geological Survey,
comprising 78 individual items, of Avhich 71 are either types or fig-
ured specimens, 13 being the original types of the following species :
Promarus alleni Gregory and Berry: Istiopliorus calvertemis Berry;
TretuJias huccatiis Cope; Balaenoptera sursiplana Cope; Priscodel-
phinus crassangulum Case; Cephalotropis coronatus Cope; Mylio-
bcttus copeanus Clark; Amyda virginiaiia Clark; Xiphias (?) racU-
ata Clark; Synechodus clarkii Eastman; Carcharias Incldens East-
man; Squafina occidentcd'is Eastman; and Tln'cachampsa mary-
Jandica Clark. While but few of these are suitable for exhibition,
the specimens are a valuable addition to our rapidly increasing
series of type material.

Of equal importance are gifts of Pleistocene mammal bones and
teeth, comprising 35 specimens from a cave near Bulverde, Bexar
County, Texas, donated by Dr. O. P. Hay ; about CO specimens from
Cavetown, Maryland, gift of Phillips Academy, Andover, Massa-
chusetts, through Doctor Hay; and a small collection including frag-
mental remains of the horse and camel, from Washtucna Lake, "Wash-
ington, obtained many years ago by General George j\L Sternberg
and presented in his name by Mrs. Sternberg.

By exchanges were acquired an unusually complete mounted skele-
ton of an extinct camel, Stenomylus hltchcocM^ from the important
Miocene deposits at Agate Springs, Nebraska ; the type specimen of
the fossil bird, Jdbiru iceillsi Sellards ; and two sets of Moa leg bones
and one lot of crop stones, from Xew South Wales, The first of
these was received from Carnegie INIuseum, Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania, and is now on exhibition; the second from the Geological Sur-
rey of Florida, and is important on account of the rarity of fossil
bird remains; and the third from the Public School, Lake Bathurst,
Xew South Wales.

Two enlarged photographs 'of Knight's restorations of Brontothe-
rhini and Tylosaiirus^ and a model restoration of a mastodon were
acquired by purchase.

106 REPORT OF natio:nai. MUSEUIM, 1&20.

Four accessions of paleobotanical material may be especially men-
tioned. These are : A collection of fossil leaves from Venezuela, gift
of C. F. Bowen, New York City; three large exhibition slabs A\dth
fossil plants, collected by Dr. R. S. Bassler; a large trunk of fossil
wood from the early Carboniferous of Kentucky, acquired by pur-
chase; and an interesting specimen of a pyrite filled caA'ity of a
stem of the fossil plant Calamites, showing a curious phase of fossili-
zation, transferred from the U. S. Geological Survey.

Explorations. — With the exception of the work carried on by
Secretary Walcott in the Canadian Rockies, little in the way of ex-
tended field work has been accomplished by any of the divisions of
the department. During the summer of 1919, a new geological sec-
tion of more than 6,400 feet w^as discovered by the Secretary in the
region of Glacier Lake, about 50 miles northwest of Lake Louise
Station on the Canadian Pacific Railroad. Extensive collections and
many photographs were secured, and the fossils have been correlated
by preliminar}^ study Avith the Upper Cambrian formations of Wis-
consin, Minnesota, and western Idaho.

Four short but profitable trips were made by Curator Bassler of
the division of paleontology. The first was by motor boat to the
well known Aquia cliffs along the Potomac River, 40 miles below
Washington. Here was found a single stratum in the Eocene con-
sisting almost entirely of an elongated turret-like gastropod shell
{TunnteUa mortoni Conrad) embedded in hard sandstone. F'rom
this was secured a slab 3 feet wide by 5 feet in length which is now
on exhibition in the division of stratigraphic geology. A trip to
southeastern Indiana resulted in the acquisition of a number of lime-
stone slabs containing Early Silurian plant and animal remains in
an excellent state of preservation for exhibition purposes. In Octo-
ber, Doctor Bassler was detailed to proceed to Dayton, Ohio, where
he prepared and shipped the large and unique specimen of trilobite
Avhich had been uncovered in the excavations in connection with
the Conservancy dam. In June, 1920, Doctor Bassler also visited
Cincinnati to arrange for the acquisition of the fossil skull of an
elephant recently discovered there, from whence he proceeded to
Chicago for the purpose of making casts of types in the University
museum. This latter work resulted in a great increase in the value
of the National collections in the addition of hundi'eds of unique
specimens which, although only plaster casts of the original tjq^es,
serve admirably for purposes of comparison and study. The Na-
tional Museum should possess either the originals or casts of all
described species, and it was with this end in view that the present
expedition was undertaken.

The field researches of Doctor ITlrich of the Survey and associate
in paleontology, were directed especially to the study of the stratig-

REPORT OF ]SrATIO:N'AL MUSEUM, 1920. 107

rapliy and collecting of Upper Cambrian fossils in Wisconsin in
association with Dr. W. O. Hotclikiss, State Geologist, the results
of Avhich have already received notice. An assistant in the employ
of Mr. Frank Springer continued the systematic study of strata
containing fossil echinoderms at St. Paul, Indiana.

Mr. Shannon of the division of applied geology, on his own initia-
tive, occupied about ten days in visiting points of especial interest
among the trap quarries about New Haven and Meriden, Connecticut,
the old tungsten mine of Long Hill in Trumbull, feldspar quarries in
Portland, and the old lithia and cobalt mines in Chatham. The ma-
terials collected on this trip have been made the object of investiga-
tion as noted elsewhere. Assistant Curator Foshag visited the
famous mineral locality of Amelia, Virginia, the old Tilly Foster
iron mines of Brewster, New York, and was given a detail of six
weeks to be spent in California. On the latter trip he visited the
borax mines at Lang and Borate, the lithia mines at Pala, the silver
mines at Calice and Randsburg, the quarries of the Eiverside Port-
land Cement Company at Crestmore, Searles Lake, and the mercury
mines at New Almaden. The results of this trip have not as yet
arrived at the Museum and a report on the same cannot be made at
the present time.

Little has been added to the vertebrate collections through field
explorationsexcepting those directly under the TJ. S. Geological Sur-
vey. Mr. Gilmore was, however, detailed to visit the American
Museum of Natural History for the purpose of making comparisons
of certain specimens in the national collections from the Potomac
formation of Maryland with identified materials in the collections
of that institution. His results have led to discoveries which promise
to be of paleontological as well as geological interest.

Work on the collections. — The growth of popular interest in that
portion of the exhibition series devoted to the rare earths and rare
metals made necessary an amount of rearrangement which has in-
volved changes of considerable magnitude, together with the intro-
duction of much material that was new. Other installations include
the unique sheet of native copper from Bolivia and the large slabs
of Tennessee marble already referred to. The work of reweighing.
measurinir. and catalosfuino: the stones included in the collection of
gems, mentioned as in progress in my last report, has been com-
pleted. This collection has been augmented chiefly in that portion
showing the stones in their natural as well as cut condition: other-
wise, the principal changes are in rearrangement. This work has
been carried on practically in its entirety by Miss Margaret Moodej'.

The newly appointed a.ssistant curator in the division of miner-
alogy was confronted with a large quantity of material which
had accumulated during the two years that the division was

108 EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1&20.

"without a head. The most pressing woi'k, therefore, Avas to relieve
the congestion in the recorder's office. This involved the unpacking
of a large collection transferred from the U. S. Naval Academy
some months before, "which, "while of a ver}- miscellaneous nature,
yielded a considerable (}uantity of very good material, in part from
localities long since abandoned and hence of some prospective value.
These accumulations disposed of, attention Avas turned to the segre-
gation of all such minerals as have been the subject of special inves-
tigation or which represent the originiil materials upon which new
species or varieties have been founded, thus forming a collection
which corresponds to types in a paleontological series.

The principal Avork on the petrographical collections has been the
breaking up and assorting of lots Avhich have been held for many
years as local collections. In cases where their usefulness as such no
longer exists, these have been condemned as sets, the more desirable
material held for incorporation in the study series, some held as
duplicate, and some discarded.

Much attention has been devoted to the exhibition series in the
section of iuA^ertebrate paleontology. The collections illustrating
stratigraphic geology liaA'e been increased by large slabs illustrating
the occurrence of fossils in the matrix; the exhibits of rocks and
characteristic fossils illustrating the Archeozoic and Proterozoic eras
of geology have been completed ; and the preparation and installation
of specimens illustrating the cephalopods, echinoids, and other classes
in the biological series haA^e been continued.

The Cambrian collections in the charge of Secretary Walcott have
been examined and rearranged by him personally, and the material
collected during his field season of 1919 has been recorded and Avorked
out, preliminary examination being giA^en the individual specimens.
Assistant Curator Resser has cared for the Cambrian material housed
in the Museum building.

The Avork of identification and distribution into the biolooical
series of the unstudied material and the elimination of duplicates
has been continued. Many thousands of specimens huxe been han-
dled in this Avay during tlie year. These study collections are noAV
so extensive that much time must be devoted each 3^ear simply to the
manual labor iuAolved in providing space for neAv materials. The
past 3^ear has been no exception, as it has been necessary to rearrange
the three molluscan groups, cephalopods, pelecypods, and gastropods.

Doctor Ulrich and his assistants have, as before, cared for the
extensiA^e series of Ozarkian and Canadian fossils, the higher divi-
sions of the Paleozoic remaining under the immediate care of the
curator. Mr. Frank Springer has devoted his time to the study of
the echinoderms, and Dr. T. AV. Stanton, Avith the aid of Mr. T. E.
.Williard, has continued his care of the Mesozoic series.

Report of U. S. National Museum, 1920.

Plate 2.

Report of U. S. National Museum, 1920.

Plate 3.

REPORT OF XATiOXM^ ML'SEUM, 19-0. 109

Dr. AV. II. Dall reports progress in indexing the Tertiary material
in his charge. The hirgest additions to these collections have Ijeen
from the AVest Indies and are nnder the immediate supervision of
Dr. T. AV. Vanghan. All have been given a prclimin;u'v examina-
tion, assorted into species, and tentatively identified.

The skeleton of Brontotkerium hatcTieri Osborn has Ijeen a<]ded
to the exhibits of vertebrate fo.ssils. This imposing addition to the
skeletons of large extinct mammals is the first and onlv mount of the
genus to be exhibited. As shown in tlie accompanying plate 2,
it forms an interesting illustration of the skeletal structure, and too
much praise can scarcely be afforded ^Ir. Ilorne for tlie mechanical
skill displayed in the preparation.

A long existing gap in our representation of the fauna of the
Niobrara Cretaceous is filled b}^ the attractive and instructive exhibit
shown in plate 3. This skeleton of the large sea-living lizard,
T ylosaurus prorlger Cope, is mounted in half relief as a panel on
the north Avail of the main exhibition hall. It measures some 25
feet in length and, with the exception of the paddle bones of the
liind limb Avhich pertain to a second individual, all the parts belong
to this one specimen. The work of mounting was done V)y Mr,
Norman Bo.ss with his accustomed skill.

Other additions to the exhibition series in this division include a
skeleton of the diminutive camel, StenomyJ'ns liitehcocki; skulls of
the musk-ox mounted on a panel in the alcove of Pleistocene speci-
mens; and four large Brontotlieriuiii skulls mounted for the Titano-
there exhibit. In addition Mr. Home i^repared and mounted a finely
preserA'ed bear skull and three skulls of the extinct peccary, PJaty-
gonus cuiiiberlandenHis Gidley, male, female, and young, on a single
suj^port, these last forming the nucleus around Avhich it is proposed
to arrange a representative series of the Cumberland cave fauna.

The refitting of the large cases in the east end of tlfe Aertebrate
hall has permitted an entire rearrangement of the materials, and
incidentall}', the retirement of many fragmental specimens, thereby
greatly improving the appearance of the exhibit.

A systematic arrangement of the study collections of ma.stodon
remains has been completed by Mr. Gidley, avIio is continuing his
studies on the Fort Union mammals and the Cumberland cave col-
lections. Of the former, some 50 additional specimens have been
named or definitely determined so far as their generic and s])ecific
characters are concerned. In this collection some 350 specimens
have already been catalogued.

The preparators have as tisual been employed not merely in the
preparation of material for Exhibition, but in repairing In-oken speci-
mens, renovating cases, and cleaning up the more or less fragmentary

110 REPOPiT OF IS'ATIOX.VT. MUSEUIM, 1920,

luuterials constituting- the studj- series. An important piece of work
has been the making- of casts, five each, of all the ten types of Xorth
American fossil birds. These are to be utilized in exchanses with
other museums in order that our collections may be made to include
practically all that is known of the fossil remains of this group.

\Iessrs. Barrett and Goldberg have worked almost exclusively
upon the study series. Mr. H. Warner, as in previous years, has
d'3 voted his attention to preparatory work in the division of geology
and mineralogy, but has also been occupied in general repair work
about the building.

The work in the division of paleobotany has consisted in the prepa-
ration and installation of large specimens, diagrams, and photo-
graphs illustrating the biological relationships of fossil plants.
This exhibit, which is to occupy a long wall case in the paleobotanical
hall is now about one-third completed, and much new material will
be required before its condition can be considered satisfactory. Miss
Lucile Simpson, aid in the division, has been engaged in checking
and placing in final museum form the extensive collections of tlie
Lower Cretaceous plants, ]3articularly those from the Potomac
group.

An attempt has been made in the department to arouse an inter-
est, or better, to cater to an interest already existing, in the his-
tory of the progress of the science of geology and personnel. With
this end in view, portraits of the principal early workers, together
with their more important publications, particularly text books,
have been installed in flat-top cases at the north end of the geo-
logical hall on the first floor. This hall- has been f urtlier improved
in conformity with the department's policy of open installation,
by removing all large cases from the center aisle and replacing
'hem with the low, flat-top forms, thus giving an uninterrupted
riew of the entire length of the hall. Aside from this, the rear-
rangement of many of the exhibits has greatly added to the im-
pressiveness of their appearance.

A portion of the time of the curator and assistant curators in
paleontology has been devoted to the preparation of lectures and
motion-picture work illustrating the activities of the Museum. In
accordance with a request of those interested in the work of the
Young Men's Christian Association, lectures were prepared illus
trative of the ancient life of North America as revealed in the col-
lections of the Museum. The scenario of an educational moA'ing
picture illustrating the earliest known life forms, the film being
based on the Secretary's w^ork in the panadian Rockies, was pre-
pared by Curator Bassler. This film received wide circulation
through the Universal Screen Magazine.

REPORT or NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020. Ill

Last year's report mentioned progress in the preparation of 100
sets of ores and minerals for distribution to schools. The completion
of this work, that is the numbering, labeling, and wrapping of about
one-half of the specimens, and packing the entire lot, was completed,
and the 100 sets of 85 specimens each, was ready for distribution on
Januar}^ 16. The preparation of a like number of sets of rocks is
already under way, but progress is slow as there are lacking many
important types, for the collection of which no funds are available.

Incidental to the condensation of office and storage space forced
upon the Geological Survey during the fall of 1910, more than 300
boxes of miscellaneous materials were sent to the Museum for final
disposition. Only a portion of these have as yet been examined.
The proper handling of this quantity of material will occupy a con-
siderable portion of the coming year.

The proof reading of the head curator's bulletin on the history of
state geological surveys, largely in the hands of Miss Moodey, re-
corder of the department, has been completed. Doctor Bassler com-
pleted the proof reading and indexing of Bulletin 106, U. S. National
Museum, a monograph of the Early Tertiary Bryozoa of North
America, comprising over 1,000 quarto pages. In the preparation of
this he was assisted by Ferdinand Canu of Versailles, France, and
Miss Jessie Beach.

The collections, considered in their entirety, were never in better
condition than today. For the first time in several years the per-
sonnel of the department is complete, and it is possible to carry on the
work systematically in all divisions.

It has been deemed expedient to place the collection of gems under
the immediate supervision of the Recorder of the department instead
of in the care of the Assistant Curator of Mineralogy as heretofore.
This collection, it will be recalled, originated through the bequesc
by Mrs. Frances Lea Chamberlain of a collection which had been
assembled by her father, Dr. Isaac Lea. Mrs. Chamberlain's hus-
band. Dr. L. T. Chamberlain, became interested in the welfare of
the collection, was made honorary curator, added a large number
of specimens, and on his death bequeathed a sum, the income of
which is to be utilized for its further increase. The collection has
been added to by gifts and transfers from the U. S. Geological
Survey, the additions, however, being combined with the original
and exhibited as the Isaac Lea Collection, although individual gifts
are differentiated by labels. The exhibit at present is comprised in
a row of table cases extending down the center of the mineral hall.
At the west end of this row, inimediatel}' to the right of the entrance
to the hall, stands a large grbup of amethyst crystals from Brazil.
Two table cases in front of the south windows contain series illus-
trating the properties of precious stones, their appearance in the

112 itEroirr of xatio-X.vl musel^m, rj20.

I'oiigh as contrasted with the cut stones, and artificial and imitation
stones. In an upright case between the windows at 'tlie center of
tlie hall are many semi-precious stones such as are utilized in the
manufacture of small ornaments rather than as objects for personal
adornment. It may be added that in buildino- up the collection, an
attempt luis been nuide to shoAV the possibilities of common-place
material: that there are a goodly number of stones, in themselves
of little intrinsic value, which, Avhen properly cut and mounted, are
not merely beautiful but have the additional value of ])eing out of
the line of the usual material sold in the shops. In this connection,
particular attention ma}^ be called to the cabochows of silicified
wood, ()l)si(lian, epidotic granite, and the green feldspar, amazon-
stone.

licsearcJicfi. — As may readilv be inferred from what has "'one
Ijefore, but a limited portion of the time of the scientific force can
be devoted to research. The head curator has continued his work
on meteorites, as in previous years, under a grant from the National
Academy of Sciences. "With the able assistance of Miss Mpodey, he
has also prepared and submitted for ])ublication a handbook and
catalogue of the gem collection, which, it is exjiected, will be issued
during the coming year.

JNIr. Earl V. Shannon, assistant curator in the division of economic
geology, has carried on a number of investigations, a ])ortion of
which have an economic bearing. A voluminous manuscri])t on the
minerals of Idaho, based in large part on Museum material, is
practically finished, and a crystallographic study of the datolites of
Westfield, Massachusetts, is well along toward completion. Materials
collected in Connecticut during the autumn haNc been investigated
and made the subject of two papers, one on triplite from Chatham
and the other a lengthy study of the minerals of Long Hill, in
Trumbull. Shorter investigations on minerals of the chlorite group
include anal3'ses and the optical examination of amesite and corundo-
phylite from Chester, Massachusetts; of chromium bearing chlorites
from California and Wyoming; and of stil])nomelane from New
Jersey. A new mineral, bismutoplagionite, has been described.
Mineralogical examinations in the reserve series of ores have re-
sulted in the preparation of papers on boulangerite and bindheimite,
both of which were sliOAvn to be more common oie minerals than
heretofore supposed.

Assistant Curator Foshag of the mineral department has investi-
gated a considerable number of minerals and submitted for publica-
tion papers on sulphohalite, glaserite, hydrotalcite, and the hydro-
talcite group of minerals, thaumasite, spurrite, and hematite. Some
excei)tional specimens received in the department have been made

BEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1!>20. 113

the subject of investigation, and a description of tlie mineral locali-
ties of Ynma County, Arizona, has been ])ublished.

In paleontology, Secretar}^ AValcott has conii)leted and published
the results of his study of the Midide Cambrian algae from the Bur-
gess shale fauna, collected during the last ten years, a preliminary
report on which appeared in 191'2, and a similar sfiuly and report on
the Spongiae from the same horizon and region. In addition he
has prei)ared two papers, one a further study of the appendages of
the trilobite, and the other a study of the problematic Middle Cam-
brian crustacean, MaiTelhi^ discovered in the Burgess Pass fossil
(juarry.

Mr. Frank Springer has continued his study on the fossil echino-
derms and completed the j)roof reading on his monograph of the
Crinoidea Flexibilia in course of publication by the Smithsonian
Institution.

Dr. E. O. TJlrich has contimied his studies on the Ozarkian and
Cambrian fossils, and with Dr. C. E. Resser made a preliminary
examination of the large collection of Cambrian forms from Wis-
consin, mentione<l elsewhere in this report. Doctor Besser has con-
tinued his biV)liographic index of Cambrian fossils.

Dr. B. S. Bassler, in association Avith Ferdinand Canu, completed
his monographic study of the fossil Bryozoa of the West Indies, the
results appearing in a i)uljlication of the Carne«ie Institution. They
liaAe also continued investigations on the fossil and recent Brj^ozoa
i the Museum collections.

Dr. T. AV. Stanton lias continued work on tlie invertebrate faunas
of the Comanche series of the Cretaceous ])reparatory to a monograph
ow the subject, and has completed that on the fossils of the Cannon-
ball member of the Lance formation of the Dakotas.

A report has been ])repared by Dr. ^lary J. Batiibun on the Cre-
taceous decapod crustaceans of Tennessee and one on the same
group from the Pacific Coast states aiul British Columbia is pro-
gressing. Doctor Bathbun lias also identified the crustaceans ob-
tained in B)B) in the Dominican Bepublic by Dr. T. W. Vaughan, and
prepared for publication descriptions of three new species.

Dr. F. II. Knowlto.'i lias finished tlie study of the Museum's col-
lection of fossil plants from the DeiiAer formation, and Dr. W. H.
Dall has reported on the I'leistocene and Eocene fossils of the
Arctic coast collected by tlie Stefanson expedition. His report on
the fossils of the Nome Peninsula has been issued by the Geological
Survey, and the proofs read on liis i-evision of the recent and Ter-
tiary Brachiopoda. A list of the marine sliell-bearing moUusks of
tlie west coast of America from San Diego to the Arctic Ocean has
been j)repared and is now in the hands of the printer. Work has
9525°— 20 8

114 EEPOKT OF ]SrATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1[)20.

been commenced on the fauna of the Hawaiian Ish^nds, Pleistocene
and Eecent.

Mr. Gilmore has completed his monographic study of the carniv-
orous dinosaurs in the collections, and the results are in course of
publication as a special bulletin of the Museum. He has also pub-
lished a short article on the discovery of an Ornithomimid dinosaur
in the Potomac formation of Maryland, and a paper giving the re-
sults of a study of all the Poton.ac reptilian materials is Avell under
way.

Mr. Gidley reports progress in the study of the Fort Union mam-
mals and has apparently established the fact that two or three rela-
tively diversified groups of true primates existed in western Xorth
America during that geological period, several species of which are
represented in our collections. But little has been done in continua-.
tion of jNIr. Gidley's study of the Cumberland cave carnivores begun
last 3"ear OAving to the unprepared condition of the material.

Prof. E. W. Sayles of Har\ard University was engaged for some
Aveeks in Januar}^ examining the slates of the collection with especial
reference to possible evidence of seasonal banding, a problem upon
which he is now engaged. Dr. August F. Foerste of Dayton, Oliio,
spent several weeks in a .study of the collections of Silurian cepha-
lopods; Prof. W. H. Shideler, professor of geology at INIiami Uni-
versity, Oxford, Ohio, was occupied from February to June in an
examination and study of the Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian
fossils from the Ohio Valley; Prof. O. A. Thomas of the University
of Iowa, has studied the fossil echinoderms; and Prof. G. jNI. Ehlers
of the University of Michigan, has been similarly engaged on the
fossil corals. Dr. Arthur Hollick spent some months studj'ing the
fossil plant collections and is now bringing his work on the Cretace-
ous floras of Alaska to a conclusion. The plant collections have also
been studied by Prof. E. W. Berry of Johns Hopkins University,
Dr. Harvey Bassler of the U. S. Geological Survey, and Dr. G. IJ.
Wieland of Yale University.

Cooperation with the Maryland (xeological Survey has resulted
in the publication of a volume on the Cambrian-Ordovician roclcs
of ^Nlarjdand, in which the paleontological Avork is ba.sed on Mu-
seum specimens; Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell has continued coopera-
tion Avith the diA'ision in his study of the collection of Eocene
insects; and Dr. O. P. Hay. Avorking under the auspices of the
Carnegie Institution, has continued his .studies on the American
Pleistocene faunas, as in years past.

Other Avorkers Avho have studied the collections are iNIr. M. A.
HoAve of the Xcav York Botanical Gardens; Dr. J. A. Ciishman,
Bo.ston Society of Natural History; Dr. P. T. Jackson, Peterboro,
NeAv Hamx^shire; Dr. Charles Mook, American Museum of Natural

FvEPORT OF XATIOXAL, MUSEUM, 1020. 115

History; Prof. W. L, Bryant, Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences;
Miss Julia Gardner, Mr! AV. C. Mansfield, Mr. ^Y. P. Woodring,
and Dr. C. Wythe Cooke, of the Geological Survey.

Distributions. — There have been prepared and sent out from the
department 11 sliipments, aggregating* 460 specimens, as gifts; 30
shipments, aggregating 1,960 specimens, as exchanges; and 30 ship-
ments, aggregating 801 specimens, for stud}'. Of the last, much
of the unstudied material, counted for convenience as specimens,
Tvas actualh' contained in lots, it being impossible to state the num-
ber of specimens.

In addition to these specially prepared materials there were sent
out as gifts 10 sets of minerals and ores, aggregating 850 speci-
mens; 3 sets illustrating rock weathering and soil formation. 63
specimens; and 6 sets of invertebrate fossils, 273 specimens.

Total number of specimens in the Department. — For reasons that
have been repeatedly stated in years past, it is impossible to give
■with anything like accuracy the number of specimens in the col-
lections, either duplicates or otherwise. The statement given below
regarding the exhibition series is based on an estimate made in
February^ 1010.

Ksiiiiiati'il siicfimcns on oxliilnlimi. Fel)ruary 31, 1019:

('lu'ini<-al and dynamical geology 2, l.jO

Meteorites 825

Or(>s and nonmotallic minerals G, 704

Buildinir and ornamental stones '2,Q\?^

Minerals, ^;ysle]^atic series r>. 132

Gems : 1,500

Petrological collections 1, 704

Inverteln-ate fossils 24. 000

Vertebrate fossils CIO

Fossil i)]ants 3, GOO

rr

Total 50. S87

ltP:PORT ON THE DIVISIONS OF TEXTILES AND MEDICINE AND THE
SECTIONS OF AVOOD TECHNOLOGY AND FOODS,

By F. L. Lkwton, Curator of Textiles.

CHANGES IN DKGANIZATIOX OR STAFF.

During the 3'ear there "vvas but one change in staff, Mrs. E. W.
Kosson, of the division of textiles, having been promoted from pre-
parator to aid. On September 2, 1919, Mr. William M. N. Watkins,
assistant curator, section of wood technolog}^, returned to the iMu-
seum and took up the work of the section where he laid it doAvn in
August, 1918, due to induction into the military service of the Unitef.l
States. It seems to be the fate of this section to suffer long periods
of inactiA'ity for, due to changes in personnel or war service, there
have been three such periods since 1916. It is earnestlj^ hoped that
nothing more will come up to prevent steady progress in the carrjdng
out of plans long since formulated for the section of wood tech-
nology.

COMI'AKISON OF INCUEMENT OF Sl'EI'IMENS OF 1P19 20 WITH THAT OF iniS-19.

The accessions received during the year number 75 (including two
joint accessions with other departments), being one less than the
i:>receding year.

Without counting the more than 4,000 yet unlisted specimens com-
})rised in the incompleted exhibit of the JNIedical Department of the
\L S. Ami}', the entries coAered b^^ the accessions of the year were
1,716, 832 more than Avere received in the fiscal yea.- 1919. These
entries may be divided into five groups as f oIIoavs : textiles 133, med-
icine 889, wood technology 570, foods 55, and miscellaneous organic
jn-oducts 69; each group, Avith the exception of textiles and foods,
shoAving as manj^ or more entries than last year.

The value of the accession covering the jNIedical Department of
the U. S. Army Avas emphasized in the report for last year, although
but a part of the exhibit material had been receiAed by June 30, 1919.
Leaving out of the comparison this accession, since it comes into the
actiA'ities of both the fiscal v'ears 1919 and 1920, the scientific value
of the entries received during the present year is much in excess of
that of last A^ear. This comparison is not just, however, as concerns
the section of Avood technology, since the section was practically
inactiAe during the A'ear 1919, on account of war Avork and service.

CD %/ /

117

118 EEPORT or XATIOXAL MUSEUM, l'.>20.

ACCESSIONS IiESEUVINC SI'ECIAL XOTICE.

The most important accession of textile specimens received diirinr>-
the year Avas a series of IG specimens of silk cartridge cloth Avhich
■was transferred to the Museum by the Salvage Board of the Depart-
ment of Ordnance, ^Var Department. This material is well worthy
of special mention, since it is an example of a number of really new
things developed solely out of the necessities of the Great War's
conditions, and which are already finding their places as useful
articles or inventions under a condition of permanent peace. Even in
ordinary times, the development of a really new fabric is an impor-
tant matter.

This war-time fabric, knoAvn as silk cartridge cloth, is made en-
tirely of silk, and was used in the preparation of separate loading
ammunition for all guns and cannon having a diameter of 4.7 inches
and upwards. For these large guns the propelling charge of smoke-
less powder was put into the gun in cloth containers or powder bags.
The bags were made of silk cartridge cloth in place of any other
fabric, because the ash resulting from the ignition did not smut the
inside of the gun, thus permitting continuous tiring without stop-
ping to clean out the barrel. Xor did fragments of the silk smolder
in the breech of the gun, as would a bag made out of cotton or other
materials, tliereb}' igniting prematurely the new charge before the
breech was closed and endangering the lives of the gunners. Another
adxantage of using the silk cartridge cloth for powder bags, was that
the silk did not cause a flash at the muzzle of the gun, as would have
been the case with cotton or linen, thus avoiding detection of the
location of the artillery by the enemy. The silk cartridge cloth
Mhicli proved itself so indispensable for ordnance purposes was
made from various kinds of raw silk, principally waste silk. The
waste silk, composed of cut cocoons, immature cocoons, floss comb-
ings from the outside of cocoons and tangled masses of silk which
could not be reeled in the usual way, Avas put through a carding
process and spun like cotton or wool into what Avas commonly
knoAvn as spun silk yarn. This yarn Avas generally used for the Avarp
or lengthwise threads in the various grades of cartridge cloth. In
all the grades of cartridge cloth used by the U. S. Arm}-, the filling,
or crossAvise threads, Avas of noil yarn. The noil yarn Avas spun
from short-length fibres left as a by-product in the manufacture of
spun silk yarns. The noils Avere graded, combed and spun in oil,
in order to Avork more smoothly in the spinning of the yarn. All raAV
silk contains, approximately', 25 per cent of natural gum supplied
by the silkworm. This gum Avas not remoA-ed from the raAV material
used in the making of the cartridge cloth, as it Avould liaA'e been in-
the case of silk intended for commercial use, for neither the gum

REPORT OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920. 119

nor the oil wore objectionable in the explosive charo'c, shice both
were entirely consumed in the flash, and left no ash.

The silk cartridge cloth was considered so essential that, during
the war with Germany, no less than sixty mills were engaged in
manufacturing it according to specifications furnished by the War
Department. It was made in eleven principal grades and furnished
in Hve different weights for guns of differing calibre. At the sign-
ing of the Armistice in November, 1918, the Department of Ordnance
had on hand a large amount of silk cartridge cloth. After reserving
a sufficient amount for the regular needs of the arm}?^, approximately
11,<X)0,000 yards were declared surplus and available for salvage.
As a textile fabric for ordinarv commercial use, the silk cartrido^e
cloth presented a very unattractive appearance, since it was all
" woven in the raw "' and of plain weaves; for the principal recjuire-
ments which the War Department had demanded of the manufac-
turers was a high tensile strength and proof at a glance that the
fabric was all silk. In spite of extensive advertising by the Salvage
Board, the manufacturers and dry goods trade of the countrj- turned
down the 11,000,000 yards of surplus material as undesirable for
commercial use. the highest price offered being twelve and one-half
cents a yard, about one-fifth of what it had cost the Government.

In order to demonstrate the worth of silk cartridge cloth and the
practicability of its use for other than military purposes, it was
decided that samples of this material would be processed and finished
according to methods used in the manufacture of regular commerciid
fabrics. These consisted in '•' boiling off '' the natural gum and added
oil from the fabric, and subjecting the cloth to bleaching, dyeing,
printing, napping and other processes. These experiments resulted
in a beautiful fa])ric suitable for men's and women's wearing apparel,
millinery, draperies, upholstery, and other uses, and in consequence
thereof the (hy goods trade and the public were soon convinced that
silk cai-tridge cloth was a desirable as well as an attractive fabjir,
possessing a durability which rendered it invaluable when consi<ler-
iug its wearing qualities. The carrying out of these experiments
by the authority of the Judge Advocate General of the Army resulted
in tlie Salvage Board disposing of the entire surplus of silk cartri<lge
(■l(»th to a commercial firm, wherebv the Government was o-uaranteed
the return of the cost price and in addition 50 jjer cent of the net
proceeds resulting from its sale to the public.

The series of samples transferred to the Museum by the Sahage
Board shows not only various grades and weights of the unfinished
cartridge clotli as used by the I>e])artment of Onhianco for military
])U!-}>oses. l)ut examples of the resiilts obtained in the finishing experi-
ments which (lemonstrated its use for ordinary- textile puri)oses.

120 REPORT OF XATIO^^AL MUSEUM, ll>20.

Ouing to a recent wiilespread and growing interest on the part
of the consuming public for all kinds of knitted fabrics, several of
the most important manufacturers of this class of fabrics were
invited to send samples to the National Museum for exhibition in
comparison with woven textiles. Generous responses Avere received
from six firms, five in Xew York City and one in Woonsocket, Rhode
Island, resulting in the following additions to the collections: From
jVlicliel and Krieger. seven samples of tricolette, H. R. Mallinson and
Company. Incorporated, three samples of deluxknit, and Haas
Brothers Fabrics Corporation, two samples of trico silks, all knitted
from artificial silk yarn ; from the Princess Textile Mills, Incor-
porated, eight samples of angora fabrics knitted from worsted, mo-
hair, alpaca. camePs hair, and mixed yarns: from the Knit Fabrics
(^om]3any, through its selling agent C. H. Guggenheimer, four
samples of wool and worsted jersey cloths; and from the Gold Mark
Knitting Com2:)any, Woonsocket. Rhode Island, six samples of w'ool
and worsted jersey fabrics for Avomen's and boys' clothing. These
specimens are varied as to raw material, construction, weight and
design, and enable the Museum visitor to get some idea of the exten-
sive range of this class of fabrics.

A series of specimens and photographs illustrating the program
of physical reconstruction and rehabilitation for American soldiers
disabled in the Great War, as carried on in military hospitals under
the direction of the Surgeon General, U. S. Army, was transferred
to the Museum by the Reconstruction Aid Service of the War De-
}>artment. The curative work shown by this exhibit was of two
kinds: (a) Occupational-Therapy, and (b) Physio-Therapy,

Before the crippled soldier Avas able to leaAe his bed, depressiAe
thoughts AAere dispelled by handicraft Avork, weaving, knitting,
beadwork; basketry, etc., and his convalescence immeasurably has-
tened. The class room and shop then gaAe the Avounded veterans
tasks that brought stiffened joints and muscles into action again,
occup3'ing their minds and opening new Aocational fields. By
Physio-Therapy Avas meant treatment by other than medical methods,
and it Avas subdivided into Hydro-Therapy, Electro-Therapy, Mas-
sage, Medical Exercises, and Mechano-Therapy. As early as pos-
sible these treatments Avere applied by Reconstruction Aids in Physio-
Therapj'' for the relief of pain, the limbering of stiff joints, and the
restoration of certain types of paraljv.ed extremities. The speci-
mens of handiAvork done by crippled men under this program in-
cluded examples of weaving, knitting, Avood carving, jewelry, metal
Avorking, pottery, basketry, and toys.

Of the material Avhicli Avas assigned to the division of medicine
during the year, the most imjjortant for the purpose of exhibition
was that contributed by Parke, Davis and Company of Detroit,

EEPOET OF XATIONAJL, MUSEUM, 1020. 121

Michigan, for an exhibit of " Medicinal Forms." The purpose of
this exhibit is to ilhistrate by representative specimens, the classifi-
cation of pharmaceutical preparations; that is, the various forms in
Avhich medicinal substances are prepared for administration. One or
more examples of the following pharmaceutical preparations are in-
cluded in this accession: Powders, tablets, capsides, compressed tab-
lets, tablet triturates, poison tablets, granular effervescent salts,
lozenges, pills, infusions, decoctions, wines, tinctures, fluidextracts,
oleoresins, resins, pencils, cerates, suppositories, extracts, liquids, mix-
tures, waters, nnu-ilages, lotions, gargles, spirits, elixirs, syrups,
honeys, oxymels, liniments, gl^'cerates, collodipns, and sprays. Ex-
hibits of this kind are rare, for the reason that many of the prepara-
tions soon deteriorate and become unsightly in a])pearance, conse-
quently manufacturing pharmacists are usually unwilling to prepare
and contribute them for exhibition. The specimens included in this
accession Avere made under the supervision of Dr. J. M. Francis,
Chief Chemist of Parke, Davis and Company, and a member of the
Committee on Revision of the U. 8. Phannacopoeia, to Avhom much
credit is due for his efforts to provide properly preserved specimens
for exhibition.

Next in importance was the material illustrating the subject of
essential oils. The spices and aromatics which constitute the first
foundation of international commerce, have practically retained their
original importance in spite of all changes in the Avorld's history.
After several thousand years of knowledge and actual use of the
spices in their original form, their essential constituents, the volatile
oils, have since the Middle Ages, and more particularly in modern
times, been isolated and utilized. These oils are more properly called
essential oils from the fact that they possess, in concentrated state,
the essential properties of taste and odor of the plants from which
they are derived, and sometimes volatile oils, because they may be
volatilized unchanged by the application of heat, in distinction from
the "fixed" oils and fats, like olive oil and lard. The essential oils
are strongly odorous and are used largely in perfumery and to conceal
nauseous tastes and odors in medicines. Certain therapeutic prop-
erties are common to manj^ of them, a large number of them are
germicidal and nearly all of them are antiseptic. Some of the essen-
tial oils possess marked anaesthetic powers, and are used to relieve
toothache.

The Museum is indebted to the Dodge and Olcott Company of New-
York City for the series of essential oil specimens and examples of
the raw materials used in their production. This exhibit has been
supplemented by two small models illustrating how oils are obtained
by distillation. A model of a composite-type oil still, such as is used
in distilling materials like sandalwood, nutmegs, mace, cloves, cassia,

122 EEPORT OF IS^ATIOKAL MUSEUM, 1920.

etc., AViis made and contributed by Mr. Charles A. Myers. Ji., of tliL*
Dodo-e and Olcott Company. A model of a peppermint stili. to show
the ty})e of still most used in obtaining tlie essential oil from le^ives
and herbs, was constructed in the laborator^v of the division of tex-
tiles, from plans furnished hj the A. M, Todd Company of Kuij-
mazoo, Michigan. Another model, that of a birch oil still, was <Ie-
scribed in last j^ear's report.

Much material for an attractive exhibit of materia medica deii\i' 1
from the mineral kingdom was obtained during the year. In medi-
cine these substances are called '* chemicals "' in contradistinction to
'• galenicals,'- which are medicinal substances approved of by Galen,
a cele'Drated Crreek physician and medical writer of the second c^^n-
tury. who opposed the use of chemical drugs. The exhibit shows
samples of the ores which are the principal sources of these medi-
cines, photographs of the mining of each element represented, and
specimens of the official medicinal substances. Several firms con-
tributed to the completion of this exhibit as follows: The Powers-
Wei ghtman-Eosengarten Comx)anv of Philadelphia, .59 specimens
of inorganic chemicals: E. E. Squibb and Sons, New York City, 51
sjX'cimens of medicinal chemicals; photographs showing mining of
tlie original ores were received by transfer from the U. S. Geological
Survey, and by gift from Dr. Thomas L. AVatson, State Geologist,
Charlottesville, Virginia.

A corresponding exhibit, illustrating the animal sourcM?s of medi-
cines, also received some additions during the year. Help toward
this enil was given by the contribution of specimens or photographs
as follows :

Armour and Compan}', Chicago, Illinois, 12 medicinal prepara-
tions and ten photographs; E. R. Squibb and Sons, New York City,
ten specimens; McKesson and Eobbins, Incorporated, New York
City, f^ven specimens; Parke, Da^is and Company, Detroit, Michi-
gan, six specimens; and photographs of domestic animals, insects,
and Jashes Avhicli yield medicinal substances were received liy trans-
fer from the Departments of Agriculture and Commerce.

The Museum is much indebted to Dr. AV. A. Dewey, Registrar of
the Homeopathic jSIedical School. University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor. Michigan, who continued his valuable cooperation in collect-
ing articles and specimens to illustrate the history and principles of
the Homeopathic School of Medicine. The more important of these
contributions may be named as follows : A bronze medallion of Dr.
Hahnemann, " The Founder of Homeopathy," executed by the fa-
mous French sculptor, Pierre Jean David D'Angers. between 183C and
1838, was the gift of Dr. Joseph C. Guernsey of Bryn Mawr. Penn-
sylvania. This medallion was brought to America by Dr. Adolph
Ferdinand Haynel, one of tlie early homeopathic phj'sicians of Balti-

) r.EPOUT OF NATIOX.VL, MUSEUM, 1920. 123

more, ^Maryland, Avho was a personal student of Hahnemann, and an
inmate of his family for ten years. When Dr. Haynel returned to
Germany in 18G8. he presented the medallion to Dr. Henry N. Guern-
sey of Philadelphia, the father of the donor, who \vas a co-worker
witli liim in tlie pioneer field of homeopathy. Four photograplis of
[jatholoiiical specimens resulting from the action of small doses of
homeopathic dilutions giyen to healthy animals were contributed by
Dr. W. Franklin Baker of Philadelphia, Pennsylyania. As a result
of the cooperation of Doctor Dewej^, the Museum is indebted to the
following persons for books relating to the subject of homeopathy :

Dr. Dudley A. Williams, Proyidence, Rhode Island, ten yolumes
of Allen's Encyclopedia of Homeopathic Materia Medica, with
S^^mptom Register, and a copy of Halmemann's Lesser Writings;
Dr. E. P. Cuthbert, Titusyille, Pennsylyania, nine yolumes of the
Transactions of the American Institute of Homeopathy: Dr. Lj-nn
A. Martin. Bingliamton, Xew York, Transactions of the First and
Second Sessions of the American Institute of Homeopathy, 1844-
1845; The American Institute of Homeopathy, Chicago. Illinois,
yolumes one and two of its transactions for the year 187G : Dr. 3.1artlia
Isabel Roger, Portsmouth, Xew Hampshire, a copy of Allen's iSIateria
Medica of the Xosodes; and Mr. Carl Hering, Philadelphia, Poiin-
S3-lyania. a bound tj'pewritten copy of the '' Chronology of the Life
of Constantine Hering, the Father of Homeopatlw in America," and
a reprint of part of the same from the Transactions of the Interna-
tional Hahnemannian Association.

The diyision of medicine in continuing its efforts to obtain mate-
rial to illustrate the history and principles of Osteopathy, receiyed by
contribution from Dr. George A. Still, Director of the American
School of Osteopathy, Kirksyille, Missouri, -TT books and pamphlets,
and 114 photographs relating to the subject.

Dr. ^Murray Gait Motter, Librarian of the Ilygienic Laboratory,
Washington City, and for many years Secretary of the Reyisiou
Committee of the U. S. Pharmacopoeial Conyention or of its Board
of Trustees, contributed 27 publications bearing on the history of
the U. S. Pliarmacopoeia. Among these is a copy of the Edinljurgh
Pharmacopoeia of ITTG, and the Pharmacopoeia of the ^Nlas^achu-
setts Medical Society, dated 1808, which ))Ooks were the precursors
of the first official pharmacopoeia of the United States, whicli was
published in Boston, Deceml)er 15, 1820, and which has been reyised
every ten years since that time.

The United States Pharmacopoeia occupies a unique place among
other books of similar character, in that while it is not published
officially by the ITnited States Government, it is nevertheless an
official publication. It has been declared the standard in the enforce-
ment of our national food and drug law, and is so recognized in

124 REPORT OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920.

courts of law. Six years were spent in levisinji; the last Pharmaco-
poeia, and the current edition of this book, the tenth, represents the
labors of a Kevision Committee of fifty-one elected by the Conven-
tion of 1910, and composed of doctors, pliarmacists, and chemists.

The written and printed ret'ords of this ^reat work Avere deposited
in the National Museum ]»y the United States Pharmacopoeial Con-
vention. Incoi'porated. on May 11, lOliC, and consists of the following
documents :

"Letters" of the Kxcrutive Conninitee of K.^ision 1010-1920, 3417 pages;

■•Circulars"' carrying the eorrespondeiice :in<l voles of General Committee of
Kevision 1910-1 1(20, 2000 pages;

Published abstracts of proposed U. S. I*. Changes;

The original manusfript of the U. S. 1'. 9th Kevision ;

CJalley proof for correction by Committee ]Menil>ers ;

Assembled comments on galley proof ;

Page proof for correction by Committee Members ;

Assembled comments on page proof;

Foundry proof ;

Plate proof;

Also the manuscri^it for ihe Pjianish edit ion of the 9th Revision of the
Pharmacopoeia.

These records, taken with the copies of practically every edition of
the Pharmacopoeia already owned by the National Museum, cover
the history of a remarkable book extending over a hundred years.
A part of tlie written record of this history has been added to the col-
lections by tlie receipt of a copy of the " Life of Dr. Lyman Spalding,
the Originator of the Ignited States Pharmacopoeia," which was con-
tributed by the author, his son, Dr. James A. Spalding, of Portland,
Maine.

There has l)een added to the exhibition collections of the section of
wood technolog\% a most noteworthy series of illustrations prepared
for the National Museum b}^ the U. S. Forest Service. This consists
of 4S colored bromide enlargements and 125 colored transparencies.
The bromide enlargements are divided into four sets showing '' Tj'pes
of Lumbering,-' '" Steps in Lumbering,"' '' Forest Industries," and
'' Forest Service Work," and each of these contains 12 scenes with
appropriate sub-headings. These pictures are to be set in a ma-
hoganized frame and placed as a frieze around tlie I-beam stipport-
ing the gallery over the Wood Court. The transparencies represent
typical forest scenes in different parts of the country, particularly
in tlie region of the National Forests, and are to be placed on top of
the north Mall case in the AVood Court. It is planned to install
lighting fixtures behind these transparencies, so that what has been
the darkest })art of the space allotted to the wood collections will
develop into one of the most attractive.

REPORT OF XATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920. 125

In order to ac(}uaiiit Museum visitors Avith some of the uiuisiial
products which are now made from wood, appropriate exhibit ma-
terial was solicited and received from the following cooperators:
The New York State Colle^-e of Forestry, Syracuse. New York, 22
specimens made from wood flour and wood pulp, comprising suih
articles as a wood Hour phonograph record, wood fiour linoleum,
sawdust sausage casings, etc. ; The U. S. Forest Products Laboratory,
Madison, Wisconsin, 13 sjiecimens of paper and bark products: and
the Drake Process Incorporated, Cleveland. Oliio, 41 specimens of
wood pulp, paper milk bottles, and other {)aper containers made
therefrom.

Attempts to secure i)hotographs illustrating forestry operations,
methods of logging and lumbering in the five great forest regions
of the United States, met with a ready response from two lumber
organizations, who contributed original photographs specially taken
for the National Museum. The Museum is thus indebted to the Cali-
fornia Redwood Association for 20 photographs showing steps in
the production of redwood lumber, from the time the mighty tree
stands unmolested in the forest until, as lumber, it reposes in car or
vessel awaiting shipment ; and to the Southern Pine Association for
another 20 photographs featuring southern yellow pine operations
from tree to trade.

To the Brunswick-Balke-CoUender Company of Chicago, Illinois,
is due the thanks of the Museum for the gift of a finished, fancy-
wood billiard cue, to supplement a similar cue in the rougli, contrib-
uted by this firm more than a year ago.

Of special scientific value were the additions to the study collection
of woods Avhich Avere received from IMessrs. W. R. Maxon and E. P.
Killip of the division of plants, who collected for the Museum 14
s])ecies of Jamaican woods, and. from Henry IMttier, Caracas, Vene-
zuela, 324 small specimens of woods collected by him in Venezuela
and Panama.

As acces-sions of importance other than those spoken of under
textiles, medicines, and wood technoloar. there should be men-
tioned the transfer, by tlie Supervising Tea Examiner, Treasury De-
partment, of 52 samples of official tea standards and three samples
of unusual Chinese teas, comprising the standards used from 1915 to
1920, to control the importation of foreign teas into the United
States, and to maintain a high standard for each commercial type.

The ^luseum is indebted to Wilson and Company, Chicago, Illinois,
through their Chief Chemist, Mr. L. M. Tolman, for an extensive
series of edible and inedible oils and fats obtained from cattle, sheep,
and hogs. Tliis collection represents an important branch of the
meat-packing industry and includes in addition to oils and fats used

126 REPORT OF XATI02^-\Ii MUSEITiM, 1D20.

for food, the most important g-nules used for soaps, toilet articles,
lubricants and textile finislies.

WOUK OF PRESEllVINi; AMI I XSTAI.LI .Ni; THE COLLECTION'S.

Diirino- the autumn of 1010, })ractical]Y the entire time of the
curator, one assistant curator, and one preparator Avas occupied in
unpackino-, listino-. and installing the extensive series of objects illus-
trating the work and equipment of the military hospitals of the
U. S. Arm3% which was to form a part of the war collections. Three
rooms and a part of the foyer on the ground floor of the Natural
History Building Avere assigned to the division of medicine for this
purpose. The Avhole series comprising over 4,000 objects was ar-
ranged to sliow :

(a) Field equipment in portable fui-m for nse in Hold and evacuation hos-
pitals.

(b) Base hospital e(iuii>inent and ajiparatus, os]»c<-ially that intended for
ONcr.seas service.

The field equipment exliiljited included the first aid kit and
emergency ))elt worn by all enlisted men in tlie ^Medical Corps: field
desks, field operating table, cliests of medical supplies, surgical
instruments and dressings; complete portable dental outfit, includ-
ing operating chair and dental engine; emergency dental outfit of
the most necessary supplies and instruments, packed in portable
cases for carrying in the lumd : field kitchen, portable disinfector,
folding cot. water sterilizing outfit and portable steam sterilizer;
also a field litter carrier, 3-stretcher Ford ambulance and standard
(I. M. C. 4-stretcher ambulance.

The specimens illustrating the imjwrtant standard articles of
equipment, instruments, and apparatus used in the base hospitals
of the Army were grouped into 12 sections as folloAvs:

1. The X-Eay Laboratory, containing all the important fixed
and portable types of equipment, intluding a stationary X-IJay
machine, interrupterless type, equipped Avith a high tension
100,000- volt transformer, synchronous motor, rectifier and con-
trolling rheostat, milliammeter and automatic time SAvitch :
base hospital X-lvay tal)le; standard tube stand for use Avith
the table; a Aertical lioentgenoscope for the examination of
standing j^atients: a ^Vheatstone stereoscope for examining
X-Ray photographic plates; a Aertical stereoscope plate
changer; and a complete set of localization apparatus. This
room also contains a portable X-lvay outfit with gasolene elec-
tric generator, portable X-Ray table, and a bedside X-Ray
nnit for use in hospital Avards. The Aviring and setting up of this
equipment Avas planned and supervised by C^apt. A. P. Moora-

EEPOET OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920. 127

diuii of the Surgeon Generurs Office, and will compare most
favorably with that to be found in the best hospitals of the
countr}^

2. The Hospital Ward, containing three standard beds, one
mounted on a bed truck to permit of moving about, and equipped
with back rest and bed cradle, another fitted with a Balkan
frame to support leg splints for fracture cases, and a Carrel-
Dakin infusion apparatus for wound irrigation, and the third
bed arranged to show the use of T-bars in supporting a mos-
quito netting. In addition to the nurse's office equipped with
desk, chair, typewriter, the usual writing conveniences and a
set of the regular charts for reporting progress of the ward
patients, this room contains a Avheel chair, dressing carriage,
cabinets for dressings and instruments, a food conveyor, water
cooler, bedside tables and chairs, and two small divisions rep-
resenting the linen room and utility room always associated
with the hospital Avard.

;>. (ileneral Operating IJoom of a military hospital, contain-
ing standard operating tal)le, instrument stand, bowl stand,
tables with drums for sterilized dressings, wash bowls and bot-
tles for antiseptic solutions, spot lights for concentrating light
on operating table, and cabinets containing instruments for
brain and plastic surgery, genito-urinary, and general operations.
All the furniture in this room is finished in white enamel.

4. Anaesthesia Eooni. fitted with a wheeled stretcher for con-
veying i)atients to and from the operating room, Heidbrinck
apparatus for administering nitrous oxide and oxygen gases,
tanks for compressed gases, and equipment for administering
ether and chloroform.

5. Eye, Ear, and Throat Clinic, containing eye treatment cases,
electric sterilizer, powerful magnet for removing metallic bodies
from the eye, and a standard instrument cabinet fitted with com-
plete sets of instruments for eye, ear, and throat surgery.

(). Fracture Room, equipped with large Hawley table for re-
ducing all kinds of bone fractures, bone extension ai)pa]-atus, and
a full assortment of all kinds of splints and crutches.

T. Dental Clinic, including operating chair, instrument cabi-
nets, electrically operated dental engine and air compressor con-
nected with a marble wall switchboard, also the furniture for a
dental laboratory equipped with casting and vulcanizing appa-
ratus, electric lathe, etc.

S. Sterilizing Room, containing a full sized steam generator,
sterilizers for hot and cold Avater. utensils and instruments, and
autoclaves for sterilizing dressings.

128 REPORT OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 19^20.

0. Bacteriological Laboi-atory, fitted with apparatus for pre-
paring culture media, hot air and steam sterilizers for glassware,
centrifuges operated by hand, water power and electricity, elec-
trically controlled incubator, a Avater bath, and a compound
microscope witli all regular accessories.

10. Serological Laboratory, containing Wasserman bath, ani-
mal cage, innoculating equipment, etc.

11. ]*at]ioIogical Laboratory with j^araffine bath, embedding
apparatus, microtome, microscope, staining equipment and set
of instruments for post-mortem work.

12. Chemical Laboratory, containing in addition to the usual
equipment, special apparatus for the examination and analysis
of water, blood, urine, etc.. and a demonstration of the manner
of preparing and standardizing Dakin's solution for use in the
ward.

Tliis comprehensive exhibit of the means placed in the hands of the
medical officers of the U. 8. Arm.y, with Avliich to fight the medical
battles of the AVar of 1917-1918, Avas opened to the public on March
1, 1920, and has from the beginning attracted the attention of visi-
tors. Former service men and their relatives and friends are all
intensely interested in seeing the things tliat meant so much in tlie
restoration of tlie sick or Avounded soldier.

A special exhibit Avas arranged in the division of medicine for
the benefit of the delegates in attendance on the 68th Annual Con-
Aention of the American Pharmaceutical Association, held May .5th
to 10th, and the U. S. Pharmacopoeial Convention on May 11 and 12,
1920. The exhibit filled three cases on the East Gallery of the Arts
and Industries Building, and comprised:

1. A collection of the Pharmacopoeias of inactiraliy every foreign country
which anthorizHs Mich a standard ;

2. The historical devoiopment of the United States Pharmacopoeia, beginning
Avith the Edinlnu'gh Pharmacopoeia of 1766 and the Pharmacopoeia of the Mas-
sachusetts Medj,cal Society of ISOS, the precursors of our U. S. Standard, Avhich
was shoAvn in practically eA'cry edition :

3. The National Formulary, now official in the enforcement of the Pure Food
and Drug Laws, and examples of the Homeopathic and Veterinary Pharmaco-
poeias;

4. A collection of Cummentaries uu the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, comprising many
editions of the U. S. Dispensatory, the National Dispensatory, and the Ameri-
can Dispensatory, and digests and comments from the last Committee on Re-
Aision of the Pharmacopoeia ;

.'">. Pliotogi-aphs of )»ersoiis itrominent in the American Pharmaceutical Asso-
ciation.

This exhibit as avcU as the study collections and sectional library
was visited l)y many of the delegates in attendance upon the conven-
tions. As the curator and assistant curator in charge of this division

REPORT OF XATIOX.\L MUSEUM, 1920. 129

are both members of the Washington branch of the association, the
former being Vice-President, the}^ made every effort to acquaint the
pliarmacists with Avhat the National ]Mnseum is doing in this direc-
tion. Other exhibits installed in the division of medicine during
the year comprised the folloAving :

Tt\o cases devoted to medicines obtained from inorganic mate-
rials; two to the subject of essential oils; one showing types of
pliarmaceutical balances, ancient and modern: a case showing
sources, preparation and uses of two vegetable drugs, cascara sagrada
and nux vomica; two cases showing preparation and use of vaccines
and serums in combating smallpox, diphtheria, and lockjaw; two
models illustrating distillation of essential oils, and a temporary
installation of the " Medicinal Forms " exhibit.

In the section of wood technology the floor cases in the court were
rearranged and seven new installations were made coA-ering the fol-
lowing subjects: Cork, wood pulp and waste wood products, paper
yarn and rugs, basket making machine, California redAvood, and
miscellaneous articles made from Avood.

In the division of textiles nine ncAv installations covering silks,
yarns, and knitted fabrics were set up during the year^

A model of a peppermint still Avas made in the laboratory of the
division, from draAvings and photographs supplied by the foremost
flistiller of peppermint oil, and a 4-harness demonstration loom and
appliances for Avarping the same Avere constructed under the super-
vision of the curator.

A large part of the time of one preparator was giAcn to the making
of gummed-letter labels for the objects in the hospital equipment
exhibit, and for the cases in the exhibition halls.

The cataloging of new specimens has been kept up to date and
the entire card catalogue of textiles and fil)ers luive been classified
and arranged under subject headings.

The examination .and indexing of ucav textile terms and other
special information contained in the large number of trade papers
and periodicals sent to the sectional libraries of textiles, woods, medi-
cines, and foods, has occupied the time of the preparators wlien not
engaged in other duties.

The material accumulated betAveen 1881 and 1911, Avhich Avas
crowded out from exhibition into storage before the occupation of
the Natural History Building, is in need of OA^erhauling. Some of
the specimens liaA'e deteriorated through effects of time and changes
in temperature, and should be condemned. All of the collections
under the care of the curator have been carefully inspected for in-
sects, and all the materials like avooIs and foodstuffs haA-e been
fumigated several times. Several of the large panels of Philippine
!i525°— 20 9

130 EEPORT OF XATIOXAL IMUSET'AI, lt>20,

woods became badly warped, due to baviui; been varnished on one
side and the Avood not filled or shellaced on the other. The lar^iest
of these pieces was soaked with water and l)ronght back to shape
with clamps. Large T-iron braces were then screwed on and the
back given two coats of shellac. Three samples of crude drugs con-
tributed by Gilpin, Langdon and (^ompany. Incorporated, of Balti-
more, Maryland, were retnrnc<l to the company and rephiced Avith
new specimens. The storage rooms devoted to textiles and Avoods
in the Smithsonian basement Avere giA'en a thorough overhauling and
cleaning, and the Avood specimens carefully marked, numbered, and
rejiacked to take u]i less space.

UESKAUI IIKS Fdi; THE BENEFIT (IK THE .MUSELM.

Xo special investigations or Avork of a research nature Avas under-
taken during the year by this diA^ision OAving to eA'ery member of tiie
ytalF being engaged for the most part upon the Avar collections.

During the annual meeting of the American Association of Mu-
seums held at the National Museum. iNIay 17-10. 1020, several mu-
seum experts from other institutions made a careful examination of
the methods of cataloging and indexing used by this diA'ision, as a
special exhibit and demonstration of our catalogue had l)een pre-
]iared for their benefit.

^fr. J. F. CleA'enger of the Pharmacognosy Laboratory of the
Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, made fre-
quent use of the study collections in the division of medicine for
identifying and comparing commercial drugs submitted to that
laboratory under tlie Food and Drugs Act.

Durine: the meetings of the American Pharmaceutical Association.
May 5-9, the V. S. Pharmacopoeial Convention. May 10-12, and the
Medical Library Association. May 20-22. 1020, the exhibition and
study collections representing pharmacy, materia medica, and medi-
cine, Avere visited and studied by a great many of the delegates rep-
resenting all parts of the United States, Avho expressed to the curator
and assistant curator their appreciation of the work already done.

Miss P^va ^y. Magoon, Instructor of Embryology and Curator of
the Mu.seum of the Chicago College of O.steopathy, visited the Mu-
seum for the purpose of studying the methods of installation and
labelling in use b}' the division of medicine.

Mr. R. E. Lofton, of the Textile and Paper Divisions, Bureau of
Standards, nnide several visits to the Museum for the purpose of
conferring on fibers and paper materials, and of consulting the tecli-
nical books in the sectional libraries.

My. F. W. Day, of Detroit, Michigan, a collector of canes, s[)ent
parts of tAvo days studying the jNIuseum's collection of canes and

EEPORT OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920. 131

Philippme woods, aii(] in attornptinc" to identity s[)ecinu'ns*fr(»in his
own collection.

Prof. Alfred F. Baikor. Professor of Textile Industries iit Leeds
T'niAersity. EngLuid, during his visit to the United States last sum-
)uer to study the American ayooI industry, made a special trip to
AA'asliington to look o^■er the work being- done in this division.
Through the U. S. Consul at Bradford. England, Professor Barker
furnished the Xational JMuseum, several years ago, with a fine series
of specimens illustrating the manufacture of various wool textiles.

Numerous visitors made inquiry at the curator's office in search of
special information suggested by the exhibits, and made particular
use of the technical Ijooks in the sectional library. The curator fur-
nished special information on industrial raw materials and the
identification of specimens, from time to time during the year, to
the Commercial Museum, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania: Salvage
Board, Department of Ordnance, War Department : Shipping-
Board ; Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Department of
Commerce: Bureaus of Chemistry and Plant Industry. Department
of Agriculture. The identification of specimens of fibers and fabrics,
gums, resins, seeds, and woods for numerous individuals, both in
and out of the Government service, has been a regular part of the
AYork of this division. The curator has also furnished the identifica-
tion of the cottons and cotton seeds introduced by the Office of For-
eign Seed and Plant Introduction and Distribution, Department of
Agriculture; and for inquirers outside of the Government service he
has supplied information on the following subjects:

Pure dye silks, manufacture of glucose, use of snow crystals and
aboriginal fabrics as motifs in design, methods of Avax resist dyeing
for batik work, status of the wool market, the importance of color
in manufacturing industries, uses of ivory and the raw commercial
products of Africa.

Bibliographical compilations were supplied on the following sub-
jects: Glue manufacture, physical effects of the use of tobacco, his-
tory' of rubber and vulcanization, wax resist dj-eing, sewing and
costume design, and hand-loom weaving.

The assi.stant curator, section of wood technology, furnished in-
formation to outsiders on the following subjects : Suitability of cer-
tain South American woods for cabinet making, production of alcohol
from wood Avaste, rope knots and splices, the " big trees " of Australia,
process of extraction of tannin from hemlock bark, tree flora of the
West Indies, and uses of the cabbage palmetto. He also determined
the identification of a inunber of wood specimens.

The curator was invited to ikdiver a lecture before the Poyal Cana-
dian Institute of Toronto, Ontario, on February 2i, lO'JO. This in-
vitation was accepted and a lecture on '' The Production and iSIanu-

132 REPOKT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

facture of Raw Silk,"' illustrated b^^ colored lantern slides, was given
by him on that date. Several groups of school children from public
and private schools of Washington and vicinity, were given talks on
the textile collections bv the curator. He also arranged for lectures
and demonstrations at the Museum to classes of young ladies from
the National Park Seminary, Forest Glen, Maryland, and to the
class in home economics of the Maryland State College of Agricul-
ture, at College Park.

Special thanks are due Dr. Murray Gait blotter, Librarian of the
Hygienic Laboratory, Washing-ton City; to Dr. W. A. Dewey,
Registrar of the Homeopathic Medical School, University of Michi-
gan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ; and to Dr. J. H. Shrader, Specialist in
Oils, Bureau of Plant Industr}', Washington City, for their splendid
cooperation in arranging by correspondence for the contribution of
specimens to the Museum, and for making use of every opportunity
of presenting the needs of the Museum to persons in a position to
render assistance.

REPORT ON THE DIVISION OF MINERAL TEt^HNOLOGY,
By Chkstek G. Gilbekt, Honoranj Associate Curator.

The year proved a signally iinfortuiuite one for the division of
mineral technolog}'. At the very ontset Mr. Mitman, assistant
curator in charge of the metallic section, was transferred to the
division of mechanical technology which offered opportunity for
his well deserved advancement to the rank of curator, and where, at
the time, it seemed his training and experience were more urgently
needed. Before a month had passed it became evident that this was
not to be the only loss in personnel and organization in store for the
division; and Avith the ending of the second month Doctor Pogue,
associate curator in charge of the nonmetallic section, resigned to
head the economic department of the Sinclair Consolidated Oil Cor-
poration, Shortly afterward Mr. Gilbert, the curator of the divi-
sion, himself resigned to open an office in Washington as resident
manager and consulting engineer for Arthur D. Little, Incorporated,
taking with him as his secretary Mrs. Galloway from her earlier
connection with the division. As associate curator on an honorary
basis Mr. Gilbert continued in advisory supervision over what from
the beginning of 1913 was developed under his direction; but under
the salary handicap responsible for the loss of personnel, all effort
to reconstitute a competent working organization proved unavailing,
and at this writing the offices assigned to mineral technology are still
unoccupied.

Lacking in organization the division of mineral technology was
as signally lacking in achievement during the year. Under the
fairly normal conditions prevailing two years back, thirty-three ac-
cessions Avere assembled, and even the folloAving j^ear of the war the
number kept up to five. Last year the number dropped to one. To
this, a w'orking model of a salt w^orks, however, should be added
another exhibit comprising a series of transparencies and type speci-
mens which, though pertaining to an earlier accession and entered
as such, figure in the year's expansion.

The model was donated by the Worcester Salt Company, of NeAV
York City, and is a rejjlica of that company's highly developed
operations near AYar.saw, in NeAv York State. It is a working model
in the truest sense. Everything works and everybody as well. With
ingenuity quite equally remarkable in the actual operations and in

133

134 EEPOET OF Is^ATIOXAL MUSEUil, 1920.

the model, a sj'stem of eirculating "water is caused to mine the native
salt, brintr it in solution to the surface, and finally to surrender it
over as required Avliether coarse and cheap or purified to the last
degree of refinement for table use. The "whole sequence takes place
in plain view before the visitor's eyes, while the operatives at their
posts about the plant perform their various tasks and the -women at
their serving machines stitch up the bag's "with highly commendable
even though perfunctory attention to the "work in hand. The plant,
in short, is a model plant in every respect, and a fascinating as "well
as instructive exhibit.

The other contribution comprising twenty-six large transparencies
and upward of six hundred exhibition samples, was donated 1)y
the National Lead Company. Several 3'ears ago this company
undertook to collaborate with the JNIuseum in developing a compre-
hensive exhibit to visualize the working of the lead industrj' and
its relationship to public welfare. The progress of the undertaking
has been reported from year to year, and with tliis latest addi-
tion the project, for its consummation, may be said to need onl}-
a s}^tematic work of installation imder competent technical direc-
tion.

The needs in this direction are not confined to the lead exhibit
alone but are in evidence throughout the exhibits in mineral tech-
nology. The prime object in view for the division at the outset
of its organized activities was to obtain latitude in depicting the
industrial operations and their social bearing. Taken with refer-
ence to any one mineral industr}?^ by itself, sucli is a large under-
taking. The Worcester Salt Company, for instance, had a force at
Avork continuously for upward of five years in the prej^aration
of the salt exhibit; from the time the National Lead Company let
the contract for its miniature Avhite lead plant, two years and
more elapsed before the contract was fully executed. Work of a
similar nature has been done to ])etter advantage under Museum
direction but has connnonly taken upward of a year; and this
visualizing of the industrial operations is not the end point ; rather
it is but the beginning, the nucleus around which to develop the
economic significance of our mineral resources. To have concen-
trated on nnj one theme until complete, with the facilities at hand,
would have been to narrow down the scope of instruction afforded
for years ahead. Rather, as already stated, it seemed best to make
the exhibits cover the field of metals and nonmetals inclusively
even though sketchily to begin with. Without dwelling on any
one to completion the scope of activities "was steadily widened and
the addition of the salt exhibit brings the total to twenty. This
means that about half of the important types of mineral occurrence
are represented. None is complete; mostly- they go no further than

o. f;

EEPOPvT OF XATIOX^VL ilUSEUM, 1020. 185

to depict the industrial processes of mining, milling, and manufac-
ture : some show only the material stages from the native occurrence
to the finished product ; scarcely any may be said to deal adequately
Avith the economic aspects, the most difficult and at the same time
the paramount issue in the undertaking. For coal, glass, lead,
natural gas, asphalt, the cements-lime-plaster group, and for sev-
eral of the minor minerals what is chiefly needed is a thorough-
going attention to the work of arrangement and labelling. All
the others still have gaps in what is materially available; but even
these would be greatly enhanced as to worth by a like attention
to the latent possibilities afforded in what is at hand.

As matters stand at this writing less than half of the mineral
resource field has been covered. Additional exhibits are needed and
those already assembled need amplifj^ing. To make up these defi-
ciencies, however, the Museum must look to cultivating the indus-
trial interests inA'olved rather than to its own resources; for only in
this Avay can it hope to meet tlie tests or keep the instructiA'e Avorth
of the Avork aliAC to the issues of the day. From past experience
industrial cooperation may be counted on. but the Museum must
take the initiatiAc and at the same time be prepared to produce
results. This need for Avidening the scope of the exhibits calls for
sA'stematic attention especially in connection Avith the metals, where,
Avith the exception of lead, the representation is Avoefully inadequate.
Of paramount importance. hoAvcAcr, is the need for SA'stematically
arranging, labelling, and otherAvise bringing out the full potentiality
afforded in Avhat is already on display. As already stated, the focus
of attention earlier in the division's development Avas to give scope
to its offering even at the cost of thoroughness. While the results
are still far short of covering the Avhole field, their range has come
to be such that the Museum can Avell afford to turn its energies more
toward perfecting Avhat has been assembled. This is the Museum's
responsibility to its industrial cooperators no less than to the pul)lic,
and if it is to go on profiting from industrial cooperation it must
render a faA'orable accounting for Avhat it has alread}^ receiA-ed. The
first essential is, of course, to reconstitute the diA'ision on an active
Avorking basis, and the AA-ork primarily in hand is that of rounding
out tlie division's tAventy exhibits and proA'iding for their effective
display.

REPORT ON THE DIVISION OF ]MECnANICAL TECHNOLOGY,
By Carl W. Mitman, Curator.

Ilistoi-y. — The first clay of the fiscal year saw the division trans-
ferred from the department of anthropology to that of arts and
industries with the Avriter in charge as curator of the division.
Shortly thereafter, ^Nfr. E. G. Paine, aid, Avas transferred to the
division of American archeology and the care of the collections de-
volved npon the curator and Miss Barbara E. Bartlett, clerk. The
urgency of liaving a complete card index of the collections of the
division necessitated the temporary employment of a typewriter.
On February 13, 1920, ]\Ir. George AV. Spier, Washington City, be-
came associated with the division as honorary custodian of watches.
In this capacity, Mr. Spier has in his charge the Museum's collection
of Avatches numbering over 450 specimens and plans to arrange
popular and scientific exhibits of the art of time-keeping. Mr. E.
Luther Reed, a faithful and efficient emplo3'ee of the Museum and
Smithsonian Institution for over forty years, and carpenter for the
division for the past fiA'e A'cars, died on April 26, 1920. The loss of
his serA'ices Avas keenly felt by the division and the need of assistance
of this general nature resulted in the appointment on June 1, 1920, of
Mr. Paul E. Garber as preparator.

Accessions. — During the year, 11 accessions Avere received com-
prising 97 specimens Avhich Avere distributed as follows : Transporta-
tion, 66 ; metrology, 7 ; firearms, 12 ; machiner}'^, 12. All of the acces-
sions constitute Aoluntary offerings to the Museum, for the year was
spent wholly in the reorganization and rearrangement of the collec-
tions on hand Avith no effort made tOAvard procuring new material.
In comparison therefore Avith the accessions receiA'ed the previous
year, namelj^ 16, totalling 192 specimens, the shoAving is rather poor,
l)ut over and against this it is believed that the collections are in a
iwv better condition than CAer before.

Ijy far the most important accession Avas a standard twelve cylinder

Liberty airi)lane motor made ex})ressly for and presented to the

]Niuseum by the Lincoln Motor Company, Detroit, Michigan. Va-

lious jiortions of the motor are cut away disclosing the interior parts

in operative relation Avhich makes a most instructive exhibit. ])artif'ii-

larlv so when stndietl in coniunction with the motor of the Lanaley

aerodrome sitiuited along side.

YM

138 EEPOET OF KATIOXAL ]\[USEUM, 1920.

Another accession of note was that of a sundial given by Mr.
C'hiude L. WooUe}', Baltimore, Maryland. It is of the horizontal
type, adapted to the latitnde of London, England, North latitude
51° 27' and is so constructed that it can be adjusted to give accurate
time throughout the year without consulting the table of ecj[uations
of time. Including this most recent accession, Mr. WooUey has
presented a total of twenty sundials which, added to the Museum's
collection, make it complete in-so-far as being representative of all
the different forms.

The United States Senate Connuittee on Commerce, through
Senator Wesley L, Jones, chairman, transferred to the Museum a
model of the steam freight-ship " Shohokin "' built at the Hog Island
Ship Yards during the j'ear 1910. The accession is not only of inter-
est as evidence of the rejuvenation of American ship building but
forms a most valuable addition to the exhibits of naval architecture
illustrating the development of steam navigation.

Mr. Spier, honorary custodian of watches, presented a beautiful
specimen of the mandolin-shaped watch in vogue about the beginning
of the lOtli centmy, the only representative of this type in the di\i-
sion's collection; an English made watcli of the middle of the 10th
century, the case and dial of Avhich are of solid gold, beautifully en-
gravecl; and a panel u^^on which is mounted the parts of a Waltham
. Avatch.

Mr. Hiram Austin Burt, Bangor, Maine, presented a replica of the
original typographer invented and patented by his grandfather,
William Austin Burt, July 23, 1820. The instrument is representa-
tive of the very early beginnings of the American typewriter which
was not represented in the Museum's exhibits bearing on this subject.
The gift therefore greatly enhances the educational value of this
collection.

Other accessions worthy of note Avere: A gas engine magneto fitted
with a device called an " impulse starter " for use on engines cranked
by hand, the gift of the Eisemann Magneto Corporation, Brooklyn,
NeAv York. A collection of automobile spark plugs and tire vul-
canizers comprising 63 specimens, loaned by Mr. Eansom Matthews,
Selma, California. An Adams revolver, 1851; a Mauser rifle and a
Mauser carbine, made in Germany for the Argentine Government,
presented by Colonel Henry May of Washington City. Two shot-
guns and three revolvers not represented in the division's collections
of firearms and several models representative of Philippine arts antl
industries, the gift of General Jacob Kline, United States Army,
through Mrs. Thomas F. Dwyer and Miss Kathleen C. Kline, Wash-
ington City. A Burt solar compass and l)rass projector, transferred
from the United States Geological Survey and added to the division's

REPORT OF XATIOXAL MUSEUiE, l^'ZO. 139

section of metrology. A inuzzle-loading pistol Avith luimmer iinJer-
neath the barrel made by Eobbins, Kendall and Lawrence, Windsor,
Vermont, in 184G, lent by Mr. J. E. IIoAve, Fairhaven, Massachusetts.

Activities. — Activities of the division's force during the whole year
were devoted almost exclusively to caring for the collections, the
work being confined, first, to a rearrangement of the material on ex-
hibition and second to the preparation of a card index catalogue of
the collections.

The rearrangement of the collections on exhibition was based upon
the fact that the objects comprising the collections relate, in the
majority of instances, to one or another of several groups of sub-
jects. These are, land and aerial transportation, naval architecture,
metrology, mechanical transmission of intelligence, mechanical and
electrical invention, and firearms. The work accordingly involved
the reserving of a certain portion of the total exhibition space for
each of these groups, the area being commensurate witli the present
size (volume) of the various collections plus an allowance for ex-
pansion, and bringing together within the area all related material.
Thus, to the East hall. No. 15 area, were assigned the groups of land
transportation, aerial transportation, and mechanical and electrical
invention; to hall Xo. 22, the naval architecture group; to hall No.
21, the metrology and mechanical transmission of intelligence groups;
and to hall No. 23, the firearms group.

The collections were not onlv arrauired in this general wav l»iit
also Avere further sub-divided within each group. For example, tlie
main group, mechanical transmission of intelligence, was subdivided
into telegraph, telephone, talking machine, and typewriter, and tlie
objects relating to tliese special subjects were installed as a unit witiiin
the main group.

Certain specimens in the division being of greater educational Aalue
elsewliere in the Museum were accordingly so transferred, 51 Patent
Office models of power looms and sewing machines to the division of
textiles, an automatic basket-nuiking macliine to the section of wood
technology, IT Patent Office models of printing presses to the division
of graphic arts, and 60 objects composing the collection of cables,
diplomas, books, etc., belonging to Cyrus W. Field to tlie division of
histor}'.

Watches. — To relieve tlie shortage of exhibition space, the majority
of watches Avere withdrawn from exhibition, the selection of speci-
mens for continued exhibition being made according to their value
in illustrating the important steps in the development of the watch.
Those watches Avithdrawn are being arranged as a study series in
glass covered drawers in the division's offices where they Avill j>e
available to those particularly interested in the sul)ject of horology.

140 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020.

Cafd catalof/ue. — To make a complete and up-to-date card system
of the collections constituted the second line of activity and it is
gratifyinf^- to report that the index was practically completed by the
close of the yeai-. The system includes : An accession file, one card for
each accession arranged alphabeticalh' according to the source of
the objects; a subject file made up of cards of individual specimens
arranged according to catalogue numbers and under the subject to
which the specimen relates, (this file contains a card for each and
every object in the care of the division) ; a storage file made by with-
drawing those cards from the subject file relating to specimens which
are stored and replacing them Avith cards upon which reference is
made to the storage file. In this waj^, the cards in the subject file
relate entirely to specimens Avhich are on exhibition.

At the present time it may be said that the collections are in A^ery
good condition and are about in shape for the part they Avill play
in the future development of the division.

Development. — The division of mechanical technology is made up
of the earlier organized sections of naval architecture, transporta-
tion, electricity and, if so it may be called, mechanical iuAention.
Each of these sections Avas dcA'eloped almost independently of the
other and Avhen brought together as one division, subsequently, the
whole Avas found to lack and still does lack that inter-relationship
of exhibits which is so essential in popular educational Avork. The
reason lies in the fact that the common source (mechanical poAver)
from which each of these branches of mechanical arts has sprung is
not in evidence, and the plans for the future development of the
division include the construction of comprehensiA'e exhibits upon the
subject of mechanical poAver. Again, to Ausualize the extent to
which mechanical poAver is utilized and its bearing upon the thino-s
of eA'eryday experience,. both models of machines and full-size ma-
chines haA-e been used. But, to be at all inclusiA-e, exhibition space
comparable to that noAV devoted to the Avhole department of arts and
industries Avould be required, — nor are models of full-size, complete
machines of much educational value because of their complicated
luiture. In a ieAv of these facts, therefore, a second field of endeaA^or
Avill be to deAelop a series of working models of fundamental mechan-
ical movements and motions, indicating by label the machines in
Avhich one or another of these motions is of importance. Progress
in these tAvo directions Avill naturally develop gaps betAveen the
present exhibits and those in course of construction so that a third
line of activity Avill be to connect the old with the neAv. Still another
line of Avork to be undertaken, in fact, already started, is the con-
struction of a series of accurate scale models illustrating the develop-
ment of the flying machine. AVhile the experimentors in aircraft

REPORT OF XATIOXiU^ MUSEUM, 1D20. 141

have been man}', it is conceded tliat the important steps in the de-
velopment of the art to its present state of reiinements, Avere made
tlirough the efforts of about twenty of them. It is the work of these
men which will be represented in the series beginnino- Avith Leonardo
da Vinci in the 15th century and ending- with Martin. Upon com-
pletion of this series, a second will be constructed illustrating all of
the modern types of machines.

The collections of the diA'ision relate primarily to engineering,
particularly mechanical, electrical, civil, and marine engineering, and
back of all the proposed plans is the idea of building upon this
foundation a true Museum of Engineering.

Museums tlevoted to history, art, and the natural sciences are estab-
lished in all of the larger nations of the Avorid and manj?^ of them
have established, in addition, educational museums of engineering
and industries. Thus,, England has her South Kensington Museum ;
France her ConserA^atoire des Arts et ^Metiers; and Germany her
Deutsches Museum, but noAvhere in tliis nation of ours, the most
adA'anced in the application of the engineering and mechanical
nrts, is there a similar institution. The commanding place in the
Avorld Avhich the United States has reached in the short space of
seventy-fiAe years is due largely to the full development and utiliza-
tion of mechanical poAver in the exploitation of her natural resources.
It is this that has made it possible for the people of the United
States to enjoy a standard of liAang far and above that under wdiich
the peoples of the rest of the world exist and still no public sign of
appreciation either national or otherAvise is to l)e found anywhere.
AVliat more suitable monument could there be, therefore, than a
Mu-seum of ^Engineering, and Avhere could there be found a more
logical place for it than as a part of the great National ^Museum ?

LIST OF ACCESSIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS DURING
THE FISCAL YEAR 1919-1920.

( ]-Jxct'pt wlieii otlierwise indicated, tlie specimens were prcseutcd or were transferred by
bureaus of the Government in accordance with law.)

ABBOT, Dr. Charles (i., Smith.souian
Institution : A collection of natural
lii.story objects collected in Chile,
consisting of nrarine invertebrates,
insects, spiders, scorpions, mice, a
lizard, plants and geolo,2:ical speci-
mens (64048).

ABBOT, L. H. (See under A. F.
Aloore) .

ABBOTT, Dr. \\iijjam L., riiiladel-
pliia, Pa. : 277 birds, 43 birds eggs
and 1 nest, 3 skeletons of birds, 29
mammals, 7 reptiles. 1 lisli, 16 pack-
ages of shells, 52 plants, insects, a
native basket, archeological objects,
all from Santo Domingo (63S20,
64239, 64450) ; small lot of mammals,
birds, reptiles, and shells from Haiti
and San Domingo (64287) ; 240
mammals, 228 birds. 28 reiitiles.
small collection of shells, small col-
lection of insects, and 3 stone im-
plements collected by Ch:u-les :\r.
Hoy in Australia (64706).

(See also under Private T. A.
Brennan, U. S. 31. C, and C. Boden
KIoss).

ABUAMS, I'rof. LeKoy. Leland Stam-
ford Junior University. Stanfortl
rniversity. Calif.: 3 plants, Juncua.
fr<»m California (64433, exchange).

ACADE.\IY OF NATURAL SCI-
ENCES, Philadelphia, Pa.: ' 557
1)1. nUs from Alberta and British Co-
liimbii. (64059) ; 2 slabs of the Cleve-
land. Tennessee, meteoric iron
(64473) ; 11 minerals fronf Pennsyl-
vir.iia ((54705). Exchange.

ADAMS, J. B.. Stuart, Fla. : Skin of
Ward's heron, Arclca hcrodias tcaidi,
fr(.m Florida (63844).

ADEE, Hon. Ai.vky A. (See luider
Hon. Hoffman Philip.)

AGRICULTURE, DEl^ARTMENT OF :
Bureau of Aiihnal Industri/: G
photographs of domestic ani-
mals (64698).
Bureau of Biological Suvey: 38
Diptera and 650 Hymenoptera
(63821) ; 9 land mollu.sks from
Outer Island, Apostles, Wis-
consin, collected July 6-11, 1919,
by A. J. Poole (63903) ; 6 cray-
fish from Louisiana (63916) ; 70
plants from Florida, collected
])y A. H. Howell (63935) ; 57
birds (alcoholics and skele-
tons) from the western United
States (64014) ; 282 mammal
skins, 284 mammal .skulls, 38
mammal .skeletons, 16 alcoholic
mammals, 136 birds skins, 14
l>ird skeletons, bird skull, 2 sets
of birds eggs, 15 alcoholic rep-
tiles, 61 alcoholic batraciilans,
2 alcoholic fishes, and 21 mol-
lusks, collected in France by
Major Goldman and his staff.
Lieutenant Harper, Sergeant
Kellogg, and Corporal Pluiunier
(64121) ; 38 skeletons of birds
from Florida and France
(64169) ; 20 -f crustaceans, Apus
.species, collected 20 miles south
of ilalta, Montana, July 15,
1919, by Messrs. Malleis and
Hauna (64318) ; 877 named in-
sects including 258 species of
Coleoptera, 52 species of LUp-
tera, and 20 species of mi.s-
cellaueous insects (64421) : 940
Coleoptera representing 353 spe-

143

144

BEPOP.T OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920.

AtJUICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF
— Cuiitiinied.

cies (64438) ; 4 mullu.sks repro-
sfiiting 2 species and 3 cnistu-
teans representing 2 species
/ from Swan Lake, Minnesota
(64448) ; 1609 Coleoptcra repre-
senting 219 species, 205 Heterop-
tera representing 19 species, and
11 Honioptera representing 1 spe-
cies (64574) ; 330 plants from
the United .States (64577) ; 8
marine inollusks representing 6
species collectetl by C. H, M.
Barrett on Hurricane Island, St.
Andrews Hay, Florida ( 64699 ) ;
4 anipliipod crustaceans repre-
j*eniing 3 species from St. Paul
Island, Alaska (64727) ; collec-
tion of conifers from the United
States («54805) ; fragments of 2
crabs from Alaska (64873) ; 88
alcoholic and 1 skeleton of bii'ds
}U)d 28 reptiles and bntrachians
(63882).

(See also \inder Dr. .T. D. Mit-
chell).

Bureau of Entomology: 1000 in-
sects, Orthoptera and Neurop-
tera (63822) ; 600 slides of red-
.«;piders ( 63823) : plant, f^orcom-
phalus reticuhttus, from Haiti
(63966) ; amphipod, Cratigonyx,
species from a well, collected by
F. E. Brooks at Fi-ench Creek,
AVest Virginia (64010) ; snail,
J'olyvyra thyroidefi, found at
Arlington, Virginia (64208) ; 3
pliotofrranhs of insects yielding
products used in medicine
(64715) : 21 mollusks repre-
senting the species Subulina
octona, colleited by E. li.
Chambers on soil in rose houscf?,
Roelof, Pennsylvania (64754) ;
10 wasps, Telcnomus, represent-
ing types of 2 species described
by A. M. AVilcox (64836); 11
Isopod crustaceans, PorcelUo
rathhei, from Barnaveldt, New
York (64847).

(See also under S. F. Blake).

AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF

— Coutinueil.

Federal Horticultural Board: 2
isopods collected at Washing-
ton Quai'antine House on pine-
apple shoots from the Botanic
Station at Montserrat, West In-
dies (04358) ; 3 isopods repre-
senting 2 species from nursery
stock (64548) ; 3 isopods, Phi-
lofteia species, on nursery stock
from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
(64554) ; 3 earthworms col-
lected at quarantine, Washing-
ton City, in earth about the
I'oots of nursery stock, received
from Rio do Janeiro, Brazil
(64596) ; 20 mollusks, Subulina
octona, collected on Dracaena
icolsii, Norwood, Pennsylvania,
Sept. 12, 1919 (64630) ; snail col-
lected at quarantine, Washing-
ton City, about the roots of
CJiaiiiaedorea species, Pacaya or
salad palm, from Coban, Guate-
mala ((54(3.36) ; 4 earthworms
representing probably 3 species
taken at quarantine, Washing-
ton City, from soil about the
loots of Chamaedorea, species,
from Coban, Guatemala, F. H.
B. No. 29456 (64747) ; isopod,
PorcelUo laevis, from dahlias
from Clingford, Essex, England,
taken at quarantine, Washing-
ton City (64019) ; 3 isopods, 1
species, from Mexico City, Mex-
ico (65035).

Forest Herviee: Tyi>e specimen and
2 photographs of a plant. Pen-
steinon mensarum, from Colo-
rado (64354) ; 48 enlarged col-
ored bromides and 25 transpar-
encies picturing various phases
of forestry (65087).

Forest Service, Forest Products
Laboratory, Madison, Wis.: 13
specimens of textile and other
products made fi'om wood and
wood pulp paper (04839).

Bureau of Plant Industry: 4 T^lanta
from Nova Scotia (63797) ; 215

LIST OF ACC^EPSTOXR.

145

AGinCULTT'liE, DEPAimiENT OF

— Continued.

mounted grus^:e.s (G8T9S) ; spei-i-
men of a cultivatpd plant
(G3S59) ; (through :\Ir. A. S.
Hitchcock) 8,000 North Anieri-
csin grasses; 6 phmts from Ha-
Avaii; 3,023 grasses ((i8S(iO,
G5007, C5OG0) ; 854 phints col-
■ lected in British Cuiana hy ^Ir.
Hitchcock (G4987) ; 215 plants
collected in IMexico by Mr. E. O.
\Yooton (64214) ; 3 plants from
Texas and Arizona collected by
Mr. T. H. Kearney (G42T2) ; 44
I)lants, chiefl.y from Brazil
(64365, G4831); tyi>e specimen
of plant, ChCHopodium niit-
ialiac (G4375) ; 103 plants col-
lected in Guatemala and Hon-
duras by Mr. H. Pittier (645GT) ;
70 plants collected in Guate-
mala and Honduras by Messrs.

1 I. X. Whitford and L. E. Stadt-
miller (64587) ; 16 cryptograms,
chiefly from the United States
(64588) ; (through :Mr. L. H.
l)e\vey) 2 specimens of mosses,
.Vju7if^f/;(»/», from l\Iexico(64610) ;
plant from Georgia (64617) ; 337
plants collected in Florida by
Mr. W. E. Safford (64634) ;
(through :Mr. AV. E. Safford)
835 specimens of plants from
Mexico (64925) ; 94 plants from
Guatemala, and seel ion of Hon-
duras mahogany, S'irictcnia
mdcroithylla, all from Guate-
ii)aU\, Central America (64704,
64845, 64969) ; 20 plants
64829) ; 12 plants from iMexico
t649]5) ; specimens of a plant
fi-om Texas (64986) ; 62 plants
from Sinaloa, ^Mexico (64992) ;

2 plants (6.5044) ; 875 plants
collected in China by ]Mr. J. B.
Norton (65009).

AGRICULTURE RESEARCH INSTI-
TUTE, Pusa. Bihar, India (through
Mr. M. Fletcher, Imperial Entomolo-
gist) : 61 Indian sawflies (64733).

ALB]:)rr :\rANUFACTURING COM-
PANY, Hillsborough, New Bruns-
wick, Canada : Crystals of the min-
eral inyoite gypsum (64.500).

ALDRIGH, Dr. .J. M.. U. S. National
Museum : 1334 Diptera and 58 other
insects (64141).

ALDRICIL Hon. T. H., Birmingham,
Ala. : Type of moUusk, Scalenostoina
(thlrichi, from Choctawhatchee Marl
from Clarksville, Calhoun County,
FIori<la (64622).

ALEXANDER, TiunisON H. (through
]\Irs. Thomson H, Alexander, New
York City) : 2 china cups and 2
saucers owned by Frederick the
Great, china gravy boat owned by
Louis I'hilippe, and a meerschaum
pipe presented to Sir Frederick
Hankey by the Grand Vizier of Tur-
key in 1830, silver keyed flute, (Jer-
many, 19th century, and Chinese
Ihunil) I'ing lined with gold (6.3SS0,
bequest).

ALLEN, Andkew Hussey, Washing-
ton, D. C. (through ■ Mrs. Julian-
James) : A small piece of ribbon,
brocaded in colors, early 19th ceu-
tuiy (63926).

ALLMAN, NoKMAN F., American Vice
Consul in Charge, Tsinanfu, China
(through Department of State) : 3
original photographs showing the
burning of about $10,000 worth of
confiscated opium at Tsinanfu, on
March 21, 1920 (65106).

AMERICAN COLORTYPE COMPANY,
New York City : 4 colortype plates of
medicinal plants (64;565).

AMERICAN FLYER MANUFACTUR-
ING COMPANY, Chicago, 111.:
"American Flyer " train, sample of
toy made in the United States dur-
ing the World War, 1914-1918
(64.583).

-20-

-10

14G

EEPOKT OF IsATIOXAL MUSEU:M, 19'20.

A.MKlilCAN INSTITUTI-: OF HOME-
OPATHY, Chicago, 111. (through Dr.
W. A. Dowey) : Trausactious of Ihc
American lustitute of Homeopathy
for 187G, Volumes 1 ami 2 (G4S11).

(See also under Dr. Lyman A.
Martin).

a:\ierican museum of natural

HISTORY, New York City: Cari-
hou skin and skull. Raiujifcr pcanji
(63811, exchange) ; GGG bird skins
from Colombia (G3953, exchange) ;
casts of upper and lower dentition of
tlie fossil mammal, TriJnpJiodon scr-
ridiis (G4140).

AilERICAN PAPER AND PULP AS-
SOCIATION, Watertown, N. Y. : 9
sanvples showing successive stages in
manufacture of. paper from spruce
wood (64952).

AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS,
THE, AVashington, D. C. (through
Stockton Axson, Chairman ^luseum
Committee) : An oil painting '"Por-
trait of San Lorenzo Guistinuano "
attributed to Gentile Bellini, pre-
sented to tlie American Red Cross
by the City of Venice in token of its
gratitude for the work of the Amer-
ican Red Cross (6423G. loan).

A:\[ERICAN SECURITY AND TRUST
COMPANY, THE (See under :Miss
Viola Walden ^lyer).

ANDREWS, Mi-s. Emily K. (tluough
Gen. George L. Andrews, U. S. Army
(retired), Washington, D. C.) :
I'aiiiting by (Jeorge Innes.s entitled
-Elf (iroiuul ■' (G46SG).

ANKGT, Rev. Bkotheu, SI. Paul's Col-
Iplcc, (^.tvingloii, La., and Sacred
He:irt Training CoUegc, Las Vegas,
N. -M. : 40 i)hiut.s from Louisiana,
and 3,000 plants fnmi New ^Mexico

((;38T.j, G4;'>r)7).

ARGEXTAX (ORNE), FUANCE,
CITIZENS OF (througli Depart-
ment of State) : Piece of lace made
by the Benedictine sisters of Argen-
ta.n, I-'rance, and presented by the
cili/.ens of the town to ihe Unil<'d
Slates in cnniiiKMiioralion of Anici'-
icaii-J"i-('iich relalions during tlu'

AltGEXTAN (ORXE), FRANCE.
CITIZENS OF— Continued.
A\'orld War, Avith special reference to
the aid given the French ainbulances
by tlie Anicrii-an Red Cros-^
(G.3039)

ARISTE-.IOSEPH, Bkother, Institutf.
de la Salle, Bogota, Colombia : 2.'i0
plants from Colombia, and specimens
of paper currency mainly from Co-
lombia (64G41, 64891).

(See also under Inslituto dc la
Salle. Bogota, Colombia.)

AR:\I0UR and company, Chlca.go,
111.: A series of 10 photographs il-
lusl rating processes in the prepara-
tion of orgauotherapeutic medicines;
12 medicinal preparations made from-
animal products (64044, 64975).

ARMSTRONG, E. vL, Erie, Pa.: .".00
Middle and Uppei- Devonian fossil:?
from western New York (638.57).

ARNOLD, Ralph, New York City:
Four niolhisks, 2 of Laiiip'iiUs Iiitr-
olius fi-om Christina river, norlhern
Alberta, and 2 species of gastropods
from a small lake between Christina
river and Lac la Biche (63805).

ARSEXE, BiiOTHias G., Saint Thomas'
College, Scranton, Pa., and St. Paul's
College, Covington, La. : 740 plants
from Marj-land and Louisiana
(G3.S(.)G, G4G70).

ARSEXEFF, W. K.. GrodekotFs .Mu-
.seum, Habarovsk, Siberia (tlu-ougli
U. S. Consulate, Vladivostok,
Siberia) : Collection of fetiches from
trilH>s of Eastern Siberia (G3792).

ARTHUR, Dr. .1. C, Purdue Uiuver-
sity, Lafayette, Ind. : Specimen of
rust and a plant from X'evada
(63794, G4484).

ASBURY, CiiAKLES E., American Con-
sul. Port Antonio, .lamaica (thi'ough
iHparlment <tf State) : Sea urchin.
M(tiilift pectonilix, collected at Poi'l
Antonio, .lamaica. by tlie donor
(641W).

AUSTRALIA, (;OVERXMi:XT ol'

(througli Dtpartiuent of State) : 29
original drawings by Lieut. Will l».v-
soii (if I lie Australian Expeditionary
l\irccs (g;;8gi).

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

147

AT'STRALIAX MUSEUM, THE (See
under Sydnoj% Now South Wales,
Australia).

AXSOX, Stocktox. (See under Amer-
ican National Hed Cross.)

HAER, .ToHN L. (See under T. Dale,
Stewart).

r.AGG, Prof, llurrs INI., Appleton,
Wis. : A collection comprising 26 lots
of miscellaneous geological material
Cn4."i44. exchange).

IJAIX, :\ri:8. H. FosiEK, U. S. Postal
Agency, Slianghai, China: Collection
of Oriental Ethno-art objects (G4999,
loan).

P.AKKIt, A. K., Xational Zoological
Park, Washington, D. C. : darter
snake, Thamnopliis siiialis siiinlis.
from the Park (64G04).

BAKER, Prof. C. P., College of Agri-
j culture, Los Banos, P. I. : 33 Philip-
pine wa.sps of the subfamily Pseni-
nae, determined )jy S. A. Roliwer
(G4S2.5).

BAKER, Dr. Fuaxk C, University of
Illinois, I'rbana, III. : 4 recent mol-
lusks, Plauorbis p^ciulotiivolvis, and
G.") specimens. 2 species of- Pleis-
tocene fossil mollusks, rianorbls at-
tissimus and Amnicola icinJclciji
Icir/htoni, topotypes of species re-
cently described liy the donor, from
Illinois and Ohio (G498()i.

BAKER, Dr. F. XL, Richmond. Vic-
toria, Australia: 20 marine mol-
lusks representing ."> species and 2
echinoderms from Australia ; also
insects (64G.jG, exchange).

BAKER, T. II.. Baltimore, Md. : Eth-
nological and archeologic.-il objet-ls
from the United States and Mexico
(7 specimens) (G4S-"i7. exchange).

BAKER. Dr. W. Fuaxki.ix. Phil.idcl-
phia, I'a. (through Dr. W. A. Dewey,
Ann Arbor, IMich.): 4 photogra))hs
of ])atliological s])ecimens sliowing
the action of small doses of liomeo-
pathic dilutions given to ]ic:illliy
animals ((HS-").")) .

BALL, C. R., Departnu'ul of A-riciil-
fnre, Washington, 1». ('. : 59 willows
from Indiana lG4GfK)).

ISARBER. AiiiiKUST W., Washington,
D. C. : Head skin, antlers and lower
.jaws of a deer, Odocoilcus, collect ofl
on October 17 1S99, at PJo Blanco
County, Colorado, by Y. S. Barber
(G3997) ; (through Mr. H. S. Bar-
ber) 2 carnelian beads found on the
north sliore of Lake Okeechol)ee,
near the mouth of the Ki.ssimmee
River, Florida (G429S).

P.ARBER, H. S., Department of Agrl-
cuhnre. Washington, D. C. : G Dip-
tera(G3909) ; 25 isopods and a small
tish from Florida (G43Lj).

(See also under Amherst W. Bar-
ber.)

BARBER, Manly D., Knoxville, Teun. :
SI mollusks, 32 .species, from Ten-
ne.s.see and Illinois (G4319).

BARLOW, Miss Catiierixe Buittin
(.See under Daughters of the Ameri-
can Revolution, National Society of).

BARNES, Dr. \\'hxia.\[, Decatur, 111. :
2000 determined North American
Microlepidoptera including 200 co-
tyiies and many .species hitherto not.
or in.sufficiently, represented in tb''
Museum collections (G444G) ; l.">0
Xortli American butterllies (G.j09G).

BARRETT, C. H. M., Bureau of Bi-
ological Survey, U. S. Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. :
10 mollusks representing .j species
from St. IMarks, Florida (646:J7).

BARRETT, H., Launceston, Tasmania :
8-j prehistoric stone implements
from southern Tasmania (G.")0G3. ex-
change) .

B.VRRIXGER, D. M., Philadelphia,
I'a. : Samples of tin ore from Bolivia
(63S47).

BARTLETT, Prof. H. H., Department
of I'otany, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Mich. : 24G plants from
Sumatra, received tlirougb the Bu-
reau of Science, ^lanila. P. I.
((MirUL

BARTSCll, Dr. I'Aur., U. S. Xaiion.-il
:\[nsenm : Salamander, Dcsmofiwi-
lliiis fitscns. from the east side of
i I. !!)-;;!<• Monntaiiis. Massaehnsett.s
(GI<(G3).

P.ASTIX. -Mis. E. S.. Washington,
D. C. : 10 plants from Chile (G4.37S).

148

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1920.

BAXTER, Mii^s Maktha Wheei.kk,
New York City (thro\igli the Goveni-
ineiit Loan Organization, New Yorlv
City) : Portrnit in oil, by the donor,
of a Naval Officer (65151).

BICAL, Rf.ynolds, Newburg, N. Y.
(through the Government Loan Or-
giini/.ation, New Y^'ork City) : Paint-
ing by the donor entitled " Sinking
of the U. S. S. Jacob Jones "(65147).

BEARD, Capt. Robert L., Utilities Offi-
cer, Camp Lee, Ya. : " Congo eel,"
Aiiii)}iini)ia mrcnix, from Yirginia
(6HS38).

BECKER, :Mrs. George F., Washing-
ton, D. C. : Attn basket of very fine
-weave, and a bamboo cane with carv-
ings of rates(64300) ; case and box
containing unfinished papers and sci-
entific correspondence of Dr. Becker ;
also a collection of 6 ethnological
ohjt'cts, a Bayer rug, a bas-relief and
8 paintings (16 specimens) (64.503,
l(^an).

BEER, Emtl. ( See under A. K. Wyatt.)

BENEDICT, Dr. J. E., U. S. National
Mu.seum : Skin and skull of a mouse,
Pifijmys plnciorum (6457S).

BENEDICT, J. E., jr., \Yoodside, Md. :
Specimen of bot larva ; 283 Odonata,
collected by the donor in August and
September, 1917, near Cole Point,
A'irginia, and Harper's Ferry, West
Yii'ginia ; mourning dove, Zena'nluni
macroura carol in en sis; 3 larvae of
Donacia from Acokeek Creek, Yir-
ginia (63910; 63923; 64843; 6.50-57).

BENJAMIN, Mrs. Caroiax Gilbert
(See under Colonial Dames of Amer-
ica, National Society of).

BENJAMIN, Dr. Marcus, U. S. Na-
tional Museum : A book-plate — Wash-
ington Memorial Library ; collecticm
of 7 photo-mechanical relief prints
in 4 colors, the work of the Ameri-
can Colortype Company, New York
City; leather-bound volume (1749)
from the library of Millard Fillmoi'(^
64293; 64429; 64947).

BENNETT, Ralph W., Washington,
}>. C. : Fence swift from Cupid
Bower Island, near Great Falls, Vir-
ginia (63888).

I'.EQUAERT, Dr. J., American Mu-
seum of Natural History, New York
City : 8 African flies, 8 species, in-
cluding 4 bot flies of African mam-
mals (63949, exchange).

I'.ERGER, Alwin, Connslatt, Stutt-
gart, Germany: Plant, EpipJniUum
(64808, exchange).

BEPv:\IUDA. GOVERNMENT OF
(through Secretary of State fur the
Colonies, London, England, and the
Department of State, Washington,
D. C. : 12 one-penny war tax stamps
issued by the British Colony of Ber-
muda during the World War, 1914-
1918 (65105).

BERRY, Carroll T., New York City
(through the Government Loan Or-
ganization, New Yorlv City) : A
painting by the donor entitled '" Bat-
tle of Seichpvey" (65152).

BERRY, Dr. S. S., Redlands, Calif.:
2 paratypes of mollusks. Vertigo
niodrsfa microphasino, collected in
the vicinity of Bluff Lake, San
Bernardino ^Mountains, California
(64.383).

BETHEL, Ellsworth, Denver, Col. :
12 plants from Colorado, New Mex-
ico, and ^^'yoming (04085, 64158) ; 5
specimens of rusts from New ^lexico
(64149).

BEZZI, I'rof. I\I., Turin, Italy: 2
species of flies belonging to the
family Anthomyiidae (64708, ex-
change).

BIELINSKI, R. C. G., Delanco. N. J. :
^Mounted specimen of yellow rail,
Coturnicops novchoracensis, from
New Jei-s(\v (64S92).

BISHOPP, F. C., Dallas, Tex.: 5
vials of bot-fly larvae (64881).

BLACKISTON, A. H., Fort Worth,
Tex. : Archeological objects from the
Valley of ]\Iexico (Aztcapasalco.
near Mexico City), and a mastodon
tooth, collected by Mr. Blackiston
(80 specimens) (64.5.33, loan).

BLAINEY, EuMTTxi). (See under T.
, Dale Stewart.)

LIST OF ACCESS10X3.

149

BLAKE, f=!. F., Bureau »f Plant In-
dustry, U. S. Dopartmcnt of Agri-
culture, Wa.sliington, D. ('. : L324
jilants-, chiefly from New England
and California (63845) ; (througli
Bureau of Entoniolotry) 23S miscel-
laneous insects from Central Amer-
ica (64793) ; 2 birds eggs, Thiamiis
and Ortdliy, from Guatemala
(64000) : 2 plants (64903).

Bl.ANCHARD, Dr. 1-"rank N., Musenim
of Zoology, University of Michigan.
Ann Arbor, ISlich. : 2 Butler's garter
snakes from Ann Arbor (64155) ;
12 isopods, PorccUio rathkei, from
under loose boards, Huron Biver,
Ann Arbor, Mich.. November 9, 1919,
collected by the donor (645S9).

lU.ANCHARD. R. W.. Washington,
D. C. : Water snake from Great
Falls, Virginia (63887).

BLASHFIELD, Edwin H., New York
City : An oil painting by the donor
entitled " The Spirit of the Fast
Will Carry the Future to Victory"
(64.347).

BLEAKLY, Loris H., Verplanck, N.
Y. : 2 garden slugs, Umax maj-imui^.
Collected by the donor at Veriilanck
( 64224 L

BLTSS, Rev. Edwin M., NN'ashington,
D. C. : 13 si)ecimens of ethnologica
from Africa, K<»rea. and other locali-
ties, including Oriental Bibles,
grammars, etc., a section of a tree
from Korea, and an elephant's tooth
(638S1).

lU^UMENSCHEIN, E. L., Brooklyn,
N. Y. (through the Government Loan
Organization, New York (I'ity) :
I'ortrait in oil, by the donor, of
Lieut. Charles H. Lembke, 91st Divi-
sion, and "The Long Range Gun in
Paris" (651.50).

BOARD^L\N, aiiss :^L\hki. T., Wash-
ington, D.' C. (through INIrs. .Tulian-
-James) : A blue satin fan painted
with strawberrie-^. .signed F. do Rose
164690, loan).

ROGER, Mi-^^. 5L\KTHA Isadei., Poitx-
mouth, N. H. (through Di'. W. A.
Dewey, Ann Arbor, Mich.) : A copy
of Allen's " Materia ]Medlca of the
Nosodes" (64307).

BOGOTA, COLOMBIA, INSTITUTO
DE LA SALLE : 11 bird skins from
( 'olombia : 3 monkey skins and skulls
(0.3971, exchange) ; 22 plants from
Colombia (03992); ( through Brother
Ariste- Joseph) : 157 plants from Co-
lombia (64206, 04556).

BOLIVIAN DELEGATES TO THE
SECOND PAN AMERICAN FINAN-
CIAL CONFERENCE (through Sr.
Don Ignacio Calderon, Bolivian Le-
gation, Washington, D. C.) : A
unique sheet of copper extracted
from the Viscachani mine. District
of Corocoro, Department of La P-az,
Bolivia (64631).

B0LL:\[AN, Howei.l C, U. S. Army,
Laboratory No. 1, A. P. O., 731,
A. E. F. : 36 plants from the vicinity
of Neufchp.teau, Vosges, France
(63S01).

BONAPARTE, Prince Roland, Paris,
France (through H. Heuvrard) : 4
photographs and a fragment of fern,
Dryopteris ichtios)iia, from Ecuador
(63828, exchange).

BONNE, Dr. C, Paramaribo, Dutch
Guiana: 40 hor.seflies and allied in-
sects, and a rat from Dutch Guiana
64078, 64252).

BOONE, Miss Peaki., U. S. National
Museum: Plant from IMaryland
(641.53).

BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL
HISTORY, Boston, Mass.: A frag-
ment of the Port Orford, Oregon,
meteorite (64910. exchange).

B0>\t:n, C. F., New York City
(through Dr. F. II. Knowlton) : A
collection of fossil leaves from \en-
ezuela (6.3946).

B]{AENI»LE, Fred .L, Washington,
D. C. : Sponge, Microcioua proUfera,
and a bryozoan, Bugula iurrita,
both collected at May Point, Dela-
ware Bay (64011).

BRANDEGEE, T. S.. Department of ♦
Botany, University of California,
Bei'keley, Calif. : Fern fi'om Mexico
(642.53).

BRAUNTON, Ernest, Los Angeles,
Calif.: 2 plants, Dudlcya brauntonil,
from California (64914).

150

EEPORT OF IS'ATIOXM. MUSEUM, 1020.

IJUEOKENRIDGE, Cou. .TosiofU C,
U. S. Anuy, AVasliiiigton, I>. C.
(through Miss Lucy H. Brecken-
ridgo) : Ethnological material col-
lected by the donor in the Philip-
pine Islands and elsewhere (40 speci-
mens) (G4945).

P.PvEXXAX, Private T. A.,^^'S. M. C,
Chicago, 111. (tlirotigh Dr. William
Ij. Abbott) : Broken earthenware pot
with cover from Santo Domingo
(G4334).

P.KI^tlLEY, C. S. (See under Xorlli
Carolina, State Department of Agri-
culture, Division of Entomology,
Raleigh, N. C.)

BPiEAlLEY, Dr. H. H., Curat'or, State
Museun), llaleigh, N. C. Fragments
of an Indian skull picked up <iu a
sand shoal near Beaufort. Xorlh
Carolina, in August, lOlS (G3SG2).

BRISBAXE, QUEEXSLAXD, AUS-
TRALIA, QUEEXSLAXD MUSEU:M
through ]\rr. Heber A. Longman, Di-
rector) : 4 larvae of sawflies. J'crga
(lorsalis, and 32 Inrviie of P( ran. ;^p.
(64684, exchange).

BRITISH r)OVERX:\IEXT (through
Department <jf State, Washington,
D. C.) : Postage stamps of Australia,
Canada, New Zealand, Rhodesia, ami
Samoa, issued during the World
War, 1014-1918 (47 specimens)
(63837) ; Australian postage stamps
surcharged for use in Xortliwest Pa-
cilic Islands, formerly German New
Guinea (64701, exchange) : silver
rejilica of the peace souvenir medal
issued to the children of Austi-alia
by the Government of that Connnon-
v.'ealth in connection with the Peace
Celel)ration, July, 191!) (64481) ;
postage stamps of Bahamas, Barba-
dos, British Guiana, Ce.ylon, East
Afi-ica and Uganda, Fiji Lslands,
Gibraltar, Gold Coast, Grenada, In-
dia. Xyassaland, and Togo, issued
1917-1919 (189 specimens) (6400:!) :
2 si>ecimens each of the balfi>enny
and threepence postage stamps Ls-
sued Ity the British Colony of Malta
during tlu^ World War, 1914-1918

BRITISH GOVERXMEXT— Coutd,

(64109) ; 2 ..ne-penny stamps of St,
Vincent issued during (he Worl<l
War, 1914-1918 (64S80).

(See also under Bernuida, I'.riiish
Honduras, British Xorth Borneo,
and Dominica.)

liRITISH HOXIHRAS. GOVEUX-
Mi:XT (>I\ Belize, British Honduras
(through Colonial Secretary'.s Of-
lice) : Postage stamps issued during
tlu> WovUl War, 1914-1918, by the
(Joveriiment of British Houduras (.">
sp(>ciiuei)s) (64463).

BRITISH XORTH BOItXEO, GOV-
ERXMi:XT OF (through the Gov-
eriKir, Jesselton, X. B., and the Prin-
cipal Secretary of State for the Col-
onies, London, England : Red Cross
]»ostage stamps of X'^orth Borneo is-
sued 1916-1919, and photograplis and
posters relating to Red Cross fairs,
Jesselton, N. B., 1916-1918 (70 six-ci-
mens) ((>39r)9).

BRITISH :MUSEU.M (XATURAL HIS-
TORY) (See under London. Eng-
land).

RRITTOX, Dr. X. L. (See un<ler Xew
York Botanical Garden).

ERITTOX, Dr. W. E., State Entomolo-
gist, X'ew Haven, Conn. : 2 larva<' op
a sawfly, Itijcorsia zappci (64^01 \ ;
27 sawflies (64598).

BROADWELL, W. H., Xewark, X. J. :
3 crystals of minerals, molybdenite,
apoi)hylite, and spinel (64528, ex-
change).

BRODE, H. S., AValla Walla, Wash.:
Specimen of Ciilcrchra toichrosa
(64058).

BROOKE. :\[a.ior General John R.,
U. S. Army (retired), AVasbington, '
D. C. : I'resentation and service
swords, pictures, badges of patriotic
societies, documents and miscella-
neous historical relics, owned by tb<>
donor (63843) ; badges of patriotic
societies, commemorative medals,
gold walch chain, and wooden cane,
owned by the donor (38 specimens)
(64030).

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

151

liKOOKLYN MUSEUM, THE, Brwk-
]yn, N. r. (tliroiigh Mr. Rolw^rt I'ush-
mun Murphy) : 21 cru.slacoans rep-
I'esenting 10 species from Peru, in-
cluding the type of 1 new species
(G4S79) ; 10 crubs, niegaiops stage,
froui Independencia Bay, Pern
(64901).

BKOOKS, Major Alfiiei) H., V. S. Geo-
logical Survey, Washington, I). C. :
Geological map of the Montseo re-
gion, France, prepared under the di-
j'ection of the donor. Engineer Corps,
A. E. r. (64233).

BRO'W'^v, Edwakd J., Los Angeles,
Calif. : 102 bird skins from southern
California, and 3 skeletons (G4391).

BROWN, Prof. H. P. ( See under New
York State College of Forestry.)

BROWN, :\Irs. .Joseph Stanley
(through Mrs. Julian-.Tames) : Lace
llouncc (Brussels point de Ga/.e)
which was originally on the dress
worn by Mrs. Lucretia R. Garfield
at the inaugural ball on the occasion
of the inauguration of her husl)and,
President James A. Garfield in 1881
(64491, loan).

BROWN, W. L., U. S. National Mu-
seum: Toad-fish, Opsanus inn, col-
lected in the Patuxent River at Ben-
edict, Maryland, August 1, 1919
(G3929) ; bat, XiK:ten>^ horadix (al-
coholic) (G309S) ; skins and skulls
of 2 squirrels, SciKnis ctntiliiicDsis
(G4415).

BROWN, W. T. Watkin, Bown's Road,
Kogorah, Sydney. N. S. W'.. .\us-
tralia: Model of a meteorilr and a
specimen of molybdenite (64.j31).

BItOWXE, <;k()i;c;1': Elmeu, Province-
lown, :Mass. (through the Govern-
ment Loan Organization, New York
City): 2 iiainlings entitled "The
Sinking of Unarmed Fishermen olT
Cape Cod "' and " The Attack on Zee-
brugge, Ai)ril 22. 19]8" (G.".U8).

ilKoW.XE. .Matiijja (]Mrs. I'lrdci-ick
\;m \\'yck),New I'ork City (ilirongli
llic (Jovenimont Loan (?»rganiza(ion,
New Vdi-k City) : An oil painting l»y
llie donor cidifled '• P>elgian Rol'u-
gecs ■■ (G.'<iri9),

BROWNLXG, Mrs. R. Bak-uett, \V'nsh-
ington, I). C. ((brougli Mrs. .Julian-
James) : Small parasol of while silk
with cover of white tatting and fold-
ing handle of carved ivory (G49G2).

BRUNSWICK- BALKE- COLLENDEll
COMPANY, THE, Chicago, 111.:
P'inished fancy billiard cue " No. 3G
State Championship" made up of
eight different woods and moilier-<.i1:'-
pearl inlay (64518).

BRYANT, Mra LiviA Hatch (throu'.;Ii
Mr. Ai-thur Cornforth, Colorad(»
Springs, Col.) : Silver-headed cane
made from the tlagstaft" of Fort Sum-
ter and presented to Mr. F. H. Hatcli
by Gqu. p. T. Beauregard, Con-
federate States Army, in ISGI
H)4Wr>, bequest).

BUCKSTAFF, R. N., Oshkosli, AVisc. :
A 51-gram specimen of the Colby,
Wisconsin, meteoi-ic stone ( 6420.1,
exchange).

BUERHAUS, H. A., Zauesville, Ohio
(through Prof. W. C. Mills, Colum-
bus, Ohio) : Human skull recently
excavated from a deposit of river
gravel at Gilbert Station, six miles
from Zauesville, Ohio (63919).

BULLBROOK, .L A., Care, Itoyal
Bank of Canada, Port of Siiain,'
Trinidad, British West Indies
(through Dj-. T. Wayland Vaughan) :
r>4 lots of Tertiary fossils from
Trinidad, British West Indies
((349o9).

BURGIN, Dr. Isam F., Delta, Col.:
Skull of a harbor porpoise, Phocaciia,
from Cooks Inlet. Kachamak P>a.v,
Alaska (64984).

BURK, Mike, Los Angeles, Calif,
(through Department of Commerce,
Bureau of Fisheries) : A sample of
oolitic sand from California (63826).

BURT. HiijA.M Austin, Care, Mrs.
Howard Coniiug, Bangor, Me. : A
typographer, replica of the origiiuil
machine invented by William Austin
Burt, grandfather of the donor,
patented July 23, 1829 (650.31).

P.URTCH, A'Kiioi, Branchport, N. Y. :
Flying siiuirrcl, (ildiirowy.^ (Gi-iOO).

152

REPORT OF XATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1920.

BUSCK, August, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : Red
salamander, Enrycea rnhra rubra
(04461).

BISH-BROWN, H. K., Washington,
D. C. : Handmade quilt made of wool
grown on the estate and carded,
s])nn, and woven in the home of,
Hon. .rames Udall, of Hartford, Ver-
mont, grandfather of the donor
(64861).

CAIN, W. W., Fowler, Kans. : An
araclniid, IJronohates fonnhoria?
(()4S99).

CALDERON, Sr. Don Ionacio (See
under Bolivian Delegates to the
Second Pan American Financial
Conference).

CALDERON, Dr. Salvauou, San Sal-
vador, Central America : 55 Hynien-
optera ; 3G butterflies and 4 bees
from San Salvador (G3930, 643.".9,
64540).

CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCI-
p:nCES, San Francisco, Calif,
(through Miss Alice Eastwood) : 4
ferns from Hawaii ; 533 plants from
the western United States; 2 plants,
Jsoetes, from California (643.37,
64416, 64854), Exchange.

CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC
SCHOOL, San Luis Obispo, Calif.
(through Mr. ,T. T. Saunders, In-
stnictor) : Silk-worm molh, TcJea
polyph em tis ( 64887 ) .

CALIFORNIA REDWOOD ASSOCIA-
TION, San Francisco, Calif.: 20
photographs showing redwood tim-
ber operations (64060).

CALIFORNIA, STATE OF, DEPART-
^NH'^NT OF AGRICULTURE, San
Franci.sco, Calif, (through Mr. L. A.
Whitney) : 2 male flies, Prgoiiiifia
)i. sp. (64804),

CALLAN, Mrs. .1. A., Nyhnid, Alii.:
Snapping turtle (64260).

CAMPBELL, Bi.ENOox R., New York-
City (through the Government Loan
(Organization, New York City) : Por-
trait by the donor of Brigadier Cen-
tra! Cornelius Vnnderbilt (65169).

CANADA, DEPARTMENT OF A( JUT-
CULTURE OF, Ottawa (through Dr.
C. Gordon Hewitt, Dominion Ento-
mologist) : 4 cotypes of an Arctic-
Canadian lly, I'Jiormid carniUd
(63987).

CANADA, DOMINION COM.MISSloX
OF FISHERIES, DEPARTMENT
OF NAVAL SERVICE, Ottawa : 12(1
amphipods from the Canadian Arctic
Expedition (64791).

CANTON CHRISTIAN COLLEGE,
Canton, China : 494 Chinese plants
(G4S16).

CARL SCHOEN SILK CORPORA-
TION, New York City : 3 samples of
novelty fabrics of silk and artiiicial
silk (642(52).

CARLETON, Clifford, Elizabethtown,
N. Y. (through the Government
Loan Oiganization, New Y'ork City) :
A painting by the donor entitled
'• The 771 h iJivision Leaves New
York" (65158).

CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF
AVASHINGTON, D. C. : Arcliedogi-
cal material and skeletal renuuns
gathered by Gerard Fowke from
Goat Bluff Cave, on the left bank
of the Gasconade River, four miles
vsest of Arlington, Missouri, during
tlie summer of 1904 (64692) ; cactus.
MdiiniiUlarhi, from Texas, collected
by Prof. A. Ruth (64918).

CARNEGIE ^MUSEUM, Pittsburgh,
Pa. : A skeleton of an extinct camd,
Steuomijliis hitchcocki (64414).

CARNEY, ,1. E. jr., Morro do Pilar,
Minas (Jeraes, Brazil (through Mr.
E. C. Harder, U. S. Geological Sur-
vey) : A specimen containing bis-
muth minenils and some vanadium
(64263).

CARPENTER, C. N., Placerville, <'olo.
(through Mr. F. L. Hess) : Specinx'U
of vanadium sandstone (64j08S).

CARR, ^^•|I,Huu J., Director of the
('onsular Service, Department of
S(ate, Washington, D. C. : A bow
and 10 poisoned arrows from Colom-
bia, S<nith America (65062).

CABRERA, Dr. Emilio, New York
City: Tree fern, AIsopJiUo nii/o^u-
roi(lc.% from Cul)a ((14095).

LIST OF ACCESSIOXS.

153

CARY, WlI.T.IAM DE LA MONTACN'i:, XOW

York City (tlirough tlie Governiiunit
Loau Oi'iL'aiiiziition, New York City) :
An oil painting by the donor entlllod
" The Warrior's Hetnrii " ( (i.'ITl ).

CASBARIAN, B. O.. Washin},'ton,
D. C. : Antique Caltostan praxcr i-uy
(65014, loan).

OASSINO, S. K., Salem, Mass.: r.iHl
Lepidoptera, Syntoinidae, and Aro
tiidae, from Soiilh America (r!4(;T0,
exchange).

CASTELLANOS, Ai.bkkto, Buenos
Aire«, Argentina: cadi I'roni Ar-
gentina (G4042).

CAUDELL, A. N.. U. S. Department of
Agriculture, AVashiugton, D. C. :
Frog from Kansas, and 30 insects of
A^arious orders from Oklalionva and
Kansas (64105) ; miniature paint-
ings of two saints by Mexican In-
dians of 300 years ago (foi- slirines)
(64247).

(See alsd iindcr Knab, Estate of
Frederick.)

CELITE PRODUCTS Cu:M1'AXY, Los
Angeles, Calif.: Greater part of the
head and 2 vertebrae of a wliale, and
2 slabs of diatomaceous earth carry-
ing numerous imprints of fish, from
Lompix^, California, collected by W.
S. Kew, of the U. S. Geological Sur-
vey (64210).

C1L\CE, E. P., Los Angeles, (.'alif. : 63
crustaceans, 1 pf?eudoscorpion, 2 an-
nelids, 1 sipunculid, 1 platyhelminth,
all from California (64364).

CHAMBP:RLAIX, Edwaud B., New
York City : 9 mosses from Java

■ (64207, exchange).

CHAxMBERLAIN FUND, FRANCES
LEA, Sm-itlisonian Institution : A
bracelet of amlter (64796).

CHAMBERLAIN, Orvillk T., lOlk-
liart. Ind. : Photograpli of the donor
as a recipient of the Army Medal
\)f Honor for distinguiS'hed .gallantry
at Cliickamauga, Georgia, Septem-
ber 20, 18<j3 (03965).

CHAMBERS, Be.n.jamix L., U. S. Na-
tional ]\IuS'eum : Ycllow-licllifd sap-
sucker, !<i}lii/raiAci(>< rarin.s, from
Washington, D. O. (64162).

CHAMPION, II. 0., Almora, N. P.,

India : 27 rove-beetles, representing
S spec-ies, of the genus DiaHOus
((34090).

CHAPIN, E. A., Bureau of Animal Iii-
dustiy, U. S. Department of Agri-
(•iilture, Washington, D. C. : 3
beelles, paratypes- of CaUiiiierus lat-
erali.s, V. hizonieus, and C. flavus,
l)elongiug to the family Cleridae,
from the Philippine Islands (650S1).

CHAPMAN, CiiAULES S., Leonia, N. J.
(through the (Jovernment Loan (Or-
ganization, New York City) : A
painting by Ihe donor entitled
"•Alhes" (65157).

CHAPMAN, RoDKRT Hollister

(through Mrs. Robert " Hollister
Cliapman, in memory of the donor) :
Etlmologicai, archeological, and
American pioneer specimens from
the United States and British Co-
lumbia, collected by the late Robert
Hollister Chapman (64643) ; a flint
lock rifle and a stone button mold
of the period of the Revolution
(64719) : 7 etlmologicai objects
((i494G).

CHEONG, A. .[., Tnnratumari, British
Guiana : 31 plants from British
Guiana (61086).

CHUBB, E. C. (See under Durban
Museum).

CINCINNATI jNIUSEUM ASSOCIA-
TION. (See under Vita Habig.)

CLARK, Austin H., U. S. National
^luseuni : 375 plants from eastern
^Massachusetts; song sparrow, Melo-
sijka melodia; bat (alcoholic)
(64138, 64332, 64579).

CLARK, B. Prestox, Boston, Mass.:
Snake from Rosario, Sinaloa, Mexico
(63915); 6,715 Lepidoptera (1,000
moths and 5,715 butterflies) from
the Hawaiian Islands, Arizona and
South America (65100).

CLARK, IMiss Emily A., Sudan Inte-
rioi- Mission, Minna, via Northern
I'rovinees, Nigeria, Africa : 97 mol-
hisks representing 18 species col-
lected on the beach at Lagos, South-
ern Nigeria (64413).

154

r.EPOrvT OF XATIOX.S.L IklUSEUJM, 1920.

CLAUDE, JosiiPH, I3i'«)l Iut. ( See under
Iji.stituto (Ic la Sallo. ToiToo Nnno;!,
(^hile.)

CLE.AIIOXS, :Mrs. U.\ny Sntoxc, (Green-
ville. Calil'. : 5 plants Ironi Calil'ornia
(05001).

CLE:MEXTS, Dr. J. Moiu.AX. New York
City : A specimen of eontact rock
containin.n' "lievi-ile"' from Korea
(G4802) : .specimen ol" asbestos I'roni
Cliina (<j44T2) ; (tliroiii,'li Depart-
ment of Commeree) 12 specimens of
minerals from C'liina rGiGOG) ; speci-
ni.en of asbestos from the Province
of K\A-augsi, Sontli China (G5070).

CLOKEY, Ira W., Denver. Col.: 285
plants from Colorado (G439G, G4G.'51).

<:H)ALE, Mrs. Isaac. (See nndor IMiss
Bertha Cohen.)

C<X'KERELL, Prof. T. D. A.. Boulder.
Col. : .J named bees, representing 5
species (G3893) : 24 Philippine Avasps
<G-i077) : 15 jikiDts front Colorado
(G41S3) ; 43 wasps from the Philip-
pine Islrands, 116 wasps from Colo-
rado and 12 from Argentimi ; also 5
.sawflies froini Colorado, and 7 bees
(G4GS0) ; collectiou of approximately
250 (some un-mouuted) insects, in-
cluding unnamed Hymeno])t-era, Dip-
tera, Orthoptera, llemiptera, Lepi-
doptera, and Coleopterti, togetlier
with 7 microscopic slides of geni-
talia of bees (G4734) ; approximately
31G miscellaneous insects, and 123
species of named bees, of which lOG
are represenf(>d by hojotypcs

(G4920).

(See also under Col(tra<lo. I'ld-

versity of.)

COEFIMAN, HKiJBEitr, Harrisonburg,
Va. • The left .side of lower juav of a
domestic boar, Sits, with the lower
tusk grown in ciivule through tlie
.i;nv (<54019).

COriEX, :Miss P.EirniA. I'.alliniore.
Md. : ilrs. A. K. .lOHNSON, Boston,
:\rass. : Mrs. D. (Juicsisy LOXC,
LJI)erty Mills, Virginin, and 3Irs.
IsA.\c COALE, Baltimore, 3Id. : The
2 copies of the Nt'W Testament whicli
Thomas .lelTc rsoij used Ttty liis coin-
position of tlie Life of .lesns Icnowu
as the •• .lelTersoa Bible" ((;5iiG4).

COLE, Fj-.axk K., Stanford Uuivei-.sUy,
Calif. : 4 flies, including paratypes
of 2 species (G4935).

COLIO, Kev. ^^^ B., Hsinglma, China
(thi-ougli the Am-erican Comsul at
Foochow, ;inil the Con.sal-Geiicral at
Shanghai, China) : 1 set of 7 origi-
nal photographs illustrating cultiva-
tion of the opium poppy and 1 piioto-
gra]»liic enlargement of each (6508G).

COLECIO SAN PEDRO APOSTOL,

<'artagena, Colombia (through Bro.
lleriberto) : 2.59 plants from Colom-
bia (G4032, G4555, G5020) ; 7G plants
from Coloniliia (G433S, exchange). .

COLE»S, D)-. KrssKi.L J., Danville. Ya. :
A section of the upiK'r and lower
jaw of a shark, (Jalcoccrdo ligriniis,
and samples of upi»er and lower jaw
of ii black-till or sharp-nose sliaiMc,
Scoliotloii lerrucnovae (G4008).

COLLINS-(iAKNEIl CONGO EXPE-
DITION. Fernan Vaz, French Congo,
Africa: 095 mannnals, G73 birds, 4
nests, 2 eggs, 881 marine inverte-
brates. 10 fishes, 25 insects, 91 rep-
tiles, a torcli of i-esin and pahn leaf;
and a small collection of plants col-
lected by C. K. Aschemeiev in French
Congo, Africa, for the National .Mu-
seum (64018).

COL(»NL\L DAMES OF AMERICA,
NATIONAL SOCIETY OF, Wasii-
ington, 1>. C. (tln-ongh ^Frs. Carolyn
(Jilbert Benjamin) : Good cheer bag
of the type of 4.500 others seni at
("hristmas 1917 and 1918, from liie
Theodoras Bailey ;SIyers ^Mason
House, ^Yashington, D. C, and ils
248 chapters throughout the country
to soldiers, sailors aaid marines
serving ih<' TniliMl States overseas
in tile (;i-eat ^\ar (G;19{"»0) : a mili-
tai'.v dress sword of the latter part
of the ISth century ((;4723) : colloc-
tion of uniforms of the type worn by
American women moiiilters of war
organizations during the ^Y(•rld
\Yar, 1914-1918 (65054) : autograph
letter of George Washington, dated
Pjuhidel])lila, .tune 4, 1770 (G5058).
Loan.

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

155

COLOPiADO STATE ilUSEUM, Den-
ver, Col. (thronsh Miss llena P.
Duthie) : Plant from Colonulo
(64066).

COLORADO, UNIVERSITY OF, Boul-
der, Col. (through Dr. Francis
Ranmloy) 50 plants (64830, ex-
change) ; (through Prof. T. D. A.
Cockerell) 39 plants (65082).

C0:MER, .T. D., Marion, Ya. (through
Dr. E. O. Ulrich) An exhihilion
specimen of the fossil shell, Mac-
Jurcn in limestone (64104).

COMINS, EiiEx F., Poston, Mass. : Set
of 4 portraits of American soldiers
of the Great War by Eben F. Com-
ins, entitled " Just Home from
Over There," " Reconstruction,"
"Wounded Soldier with Crutches,"
and " Colored Hero "(04225, loan).

COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF :
lUirrau of Fisheries: Live turtles
from Bank.s Mill Pond, Berrien
County, Georgia (63830) ; 427
ceplialopod mollusks. including
20 types of new species, collected
by the steamer AUnitross in the
northwestern Pacific in 1006,
and reported on by ]\Ir. :\Iadoka
Sasaki, in the Proceedings of
the IT. S. National Museum
(63906) ; skin and skull of a
coon, rrocyon, collected on Stoclv
Island, Florida (63909) ; a col-
lection of Philippine planarians
with a set of 10 colored draw-
ings with descriptive notes, se-
cured by tlie Albatross Philip-
pine Expedition 1907(640.54) ; 3
craylishes colled ed by Dr. P. II.
^litchell in ilie Pahiiers River,
near Warren, Rhode Island
((J4246) : 190 marine algae from
the I'acihc coast of North
America (04311) : crayfi.sh, Cain-
hanix hI(nuU>i(/ii, collected in the
Palmers River. Rhode Island. ))y
:vir. PI. W. Tinkham (64314) ;
crab, CaUioixi flammed, from
Beaufort, Noi-tb Carolina
(64317) ; 10 decapod crustaceans
representing 2 species, including
1 type, from Beaufort, North

COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF—
Continued.

Carolina (04897) ; 240 Philippine
annelids (64422) ; 4 barnacles,
OcioJasmis hockl, attached to I he
mouthparts of Fannlinis arf/ns,
collected at Key West, Florida,
by :^tr. D. R. Crawford (64-508) ;
lobster, FanuJinis argus, posl-
larval stage, also collected at
Key West by Mr. Crawford
(64.532); 3 plants (kelps) front
the Pacific coast (64.582) ; a col-
lection of the iledusae and Si-
I)honopl!ores, including type
specimens, collected by tlfe
steamer ,Bf/r//c and reported on by
Mr. H. V>. Bigelow ; also a small
collection of pteropod mollusk.s
collected by the Grampus, 1916,
and a few other miscellaneous
invertebrates collected by liie
r/yYf»(i>».s (64620) ; about 300 ma-
rine invertebrates and 25 rishe.s
from La .Tolla, California, col-
lected by :Mr. Waldo Schmitt
(646-iO) : mammals, ■ reptiles,
fishes, and invertebrates

(64673) ; fortle-shell and skele-
ton taken at Woods Hole, ilassa-
chu setts in 1919(04693) ; a col-
lection of fishes obtained by tlie
steamer Albatrosk between .Tune
11, 1914, and September 12, 1916,
along the west coast of North
Americ-i (64744) : a collection
of miscellaneous invertebrates
taken from the bottom samples
collecled by the steamer Alba-
tross off the southeast coast of
the I'nited States during the
fall of 1919(64740) : a small col-
U^ction of misceilaneiius marin.'
invertebrates collected by I>r.
H. B. Bigelow on cruises of the
Fisheries schooner Clrajiijtii-',
1913-1916(04798 ; thresher shark
and hanunerhead shark, col-
lected by INIr. Yinal N. Edwards,
Woods Hole, :\Iass. (64191) : .30
fishes collected by Prof. N. Ci^t
<;ee at Soochow, T'hina (64941),
(See also imder Mike P.ui-k,
and I)r. .1. .Morgan Clenient.s.)

156

PiEPORT OF XATIOXAX, MUSEUIM, 1920.

COMAIEUCIAL MUSEUM, THE, I'liil-
adelpliia, Pa.: 8 specimens of Mu-
euyo fruits, Aiulira crceJsa, and 2.
samples of candelilla wax (G47S9) ;
18 pliotographs showing sources of
commercial products (Gr)072) ; appa-
ratus used by Eadweard ^luybridge
in tlie photograpliing of motion in
living animals (15 specimens)
(65115).

COXSERVATOIPiE ET JAKDIX- BOT-
ANIQUE, Geneva, Switzerland: A
plant, Nhi[)S(iUs (G4S0G, exchange).

CONTRERAS, Prof. Fhancisco and
Carlos Cuesta TERRUN, Chapala,
.Talisco, Mexico: A collection of rep-
tiles, fishes, worms and crustaceans
(G4707).

COXZATTI, Prof. C, Oaxaca, Mexico :
169 plants from Mexico (G400."),
G4G78) ; 39 plants (64S2G).

COOKE, Dr. C. Wythe (See under
Sidney Paige, and F. L. Wilde).

COOPER, Colin Campbell, New York
City (through the Government Loan
Organization, New York City) : Oil
painting by the donor entitled " For-
ward (The Crusaders)" (G515G).

COPENHAGEN, DENMARK, UNI-
VERSITETETS BOTANISKE MU-
SEUM (through Dr. Ove Paulsen.
Inspector) : 90S plants, chiefly from
Mexico and Central America
(G4494); 15 plants, Polijstichum,
from Europe (64870). Exchange.

COPENHAGEN, DENMARK, ZOO-
LOGICAL MUSEUM: Skin and
skull of a water rat, Arvicola am-
Itltihiux, and an alcoholic specimen
of the same si>ecies (G45G9, ex-
change).

CORN, Pvev. N. P. M., Marshall, N. C.
(through Dr. W. T. Schaller) : Crys-
tals of monazite from North Caro-
lina (G3874).

CORNFORTH, AiMHUit (See \nider
Mrs. Livia Hatch Bryant).

COTTLE, Mrs. Albekt, Wa.shiugtou,
D. C. (through Mrs. Julian-James) :
Lady's tortoise-shell back - comb
(04049, loan).

CON, Dr. Philu', University of New
Brunswick, Fredericton, New Bruns-
wick, Canada: 8 fi.shes collected in
Canada during the summer of 1919
(G4505, exchange).

CRANE LITHOGRAPH COMPANY,
THIO, Cleveland, Ohio. Prints made
))y Sei)liiograpli Process (6 speci-
mens) ; p(n-trait of Capt. Georges
GuyneuK-r, after the painting^ by
Lieut. Henry Farre (G4024).

CUMING S, Prof. E. R., University of
Indiana, Bloomington, lud. : An ex-
liil>ition specimen of fossiliferous
limestone and a polished slab of the
same (64194).

CURRAN, Mrs. Elma H., Ilheos,
Rahia, Brazil: 51 marine molUisks,
16 .species from the beach at Ilheos
(64595).

CURRELL, Joiix W., Washington,
D. C. : 3 notes issued by the Himrod
Furnace Company in 1872 (64852).

CURTISS AEROPLANE AND MO-
TOR CORPORATION, New York
City (through Mr. F. L. Faurote,
^Manager, Department of IMucation
and Sales Promotion) : Bronze medal
issued by Mr. Glenn H. Curtiss in
connuemoration of the first trans-
-Vtlantic flight, made by the NC-4, in
1919 (G4222).

GUSHING, IMrs. Fp.axk Hamilton,
Care, F. C. Curtis, Albion, N. Y, :
Portrait in oil of Frank Hamilton
Cushliig, by Ilovenden, and 193 lan-
tern slides of ethnological subjects
(G4768).

CUTHBIORT. Dr. E. P., Titusville, Pa.
(through Dr. W. A. Dewey, Ann
Arbor, Mich.) : 9 volumes of the
Transactiims of the American Insti-
tute of Homeopathy for the years
1900-1904 (047G4).

CUTLER, Col. Harry (See under Jew-
ish Welfare Board, National Head-
quarters, New York City).

DALL, Dr. William H., U. S. Geo-
logical Survey, Washington, D. C. :
Collection of plaster casts; proof
impressions of 104 antique engi'aved
gems in the Vatican Cabinet in
Rome, Italy (64724).

(See also under IMrs. Ellison Van
Loon Snyder.)

LIST OF ACCESSI0:!7S.

157

r»A>:FORTH, 5Irs. Chaki.otte Ellis,
"Washington, D. C. : 10 etlmological
specimens and an Indian stone pipe
(G3949, loan),

I'AOUD, Mrf=. Rixjrs, Washington,
D. C. : Marble mortar and wooden
pe.stle from Syria (647G9).

I^AlTrllTERS OF THE AMERICAN
REVOLl'TION, NATIONAL SO-
CIETY OF (through Miss Catherine
Brittiu Barlow, Curator General of
tlie IMuseum) : Chair owned by Gen-
eral Wasliington at Mount Vernon,
an<l chair owned by Conunodore
Joshua Carney, Continental Navy
((H5G4, loan).

KAVIDSON, Dr. A., Los Angeles,
( "alif. : 16 plants from California
(G3865, G41S4, 64394, 64G12, G4929) ;
a plant, Cilia Uitifolia (GoOoO).

1>AVIS, ]Miss Edna B., Winslow, Ariz. :
2 small coiled ware jars from Rio
Puerco region, Arizona, collected by
the donor (G43S9).

DAVIS, Rev. .Iohx, Hannibal, Mo. : 26
plants from South Carolina (G4342) ;
32 plants (64695).

DAVIS, T. E. R., Bulls Gap, Tenn. :
Shrub, Fyruhifia piibcra, a member
of the family Santalaceae (64136).

DEAM, Charles C, Bluffton, Ind. : 175
plants, chiefly from Indiana (64381,
65013):

DECHKOVITCH, Bkanko, Paris,
France (through the President of
the United States, and the Depart-
ment of State) : Model in plaster of

• a sculptural work by the donor en-
Tiiled " The Victoiy of Liberty "
(64428).

DETWILER, Fkedkrick K., Noank,
Conn, (through llie Government
Loan Organization, New York City) :
2 paintings by the donor entitled
" The Launching of the Balsto " and
'•A Frame Up in the Wooden Ship
Yard" (64348).

DE^'ER^:UX, 3Mrs. .T. ItvAX, Clievy
Chase, Md. : Collection of musical
instruments illustrating development
(64657).

DEAVEY, L. H. (See under Agricul-
ture, Department ofj Bureau of Plant
Industry).

DEWEY, Dr. W. A. (See under
American Institute of Homeopathy,
Chicago, Illinois, Dr. W. Franklin
Baker, ]\Irs. INIartha Isabel Boger,
Dr. E. P. Cuthbert, Dr. .Joseph C.
Guernsey, Dr. Dudley A. Williams).

DIAMOND STATE FIBRE COM-
PANY, Bridgeport, Pa.: Sample
board showing diverse articles made
from cotton cellulose (65108).

DICKINSON, Sidney E., New York
City (through the Government I.ioan
Organization, New York City) :
Painting by the donor entitled " The
Fii'st Raid on the Americans, Nov. 3,
1917" (65155).

DIEDRICH, B. T., Congress Heights,
D. C : Mounted skin and skull of a
field mouse, \^a/)M.s (64070).

DIRECCION DE ESTUDIOS BIO-
LOGICOS. (See under Mexico,
Mexico. )

DOBSON, Dr. W. IL, Surgeon in
Charge, Foreman Memorial Hos-
pital, Yeung Kong, China : Com-
plete outfit of a Chinese carpenter
(28 specimens) (64124).

DODGE AND OLCOTT COilPANY,
New York City : 29 specimens of es-
sential oils and 21 specimens of vege-
table drugs (64821). (See also un-
der Cliarles A. Myers, jr.)

DODGE, Fletcher D. (See under
Toy Manufacturers of the United
States of America Inc.)

DODGE, Pickering, Washington,
D. C. : A collection of samples of
marble, chiefly Italian (64998).

DODSON, .7. D., Laredo, Tex. : Silver
jiipe bowl used by President .Tack-
son (63879).

DOLINSKY, Nathan, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(thr<mgh the Government Loan Or-
ganization, New York City) : Paint-
ing by the donor entitled "The Bat-
talion of Death, Russian Army "
(G5154).

DOMINICA, GOVERNMENT OF
(through the Administrator, Gov-
ernment House, Dominica, W. I., and
the Secretary of State for the Colo-
nies, London, England) : War tax
stamps issued by the British colony,
Dominica, during the European War,

158

EEPORT OF IS^ATIOX.VL MUSEUM, 1020.

DOMINICA, (JOYEIIXMEXT OF—

Continued.
11)14-1918, niiuit'ly, hall'-penny, one
i\n(l one-liulf penny, and three pence,
in blocks of four each (12 speci-
mens) (64103).

do:minican iiei'Ublic. mili-
tary government of (through I
the U. S. Geological Survey) : Geo-
logic collections made in the Domini-
can Republic during April, :May, and
June, 3010 (65073).

DONLY, Mr.s. Eva Brook, Rahway,
N. .T. (through the Government Loan
Organization, New I'ork City) :
Painting by the donor entitled
'•Arrival at Baltimore of L'-Boat
Deutschland " (6.")ir,3).

DORSETT, J. H. M., Grayton, ild. :
Albino kingbird, Tijrunnus tyran-
niis, from ilaryland (64022).

DOUGHTY, George D., Post, Tex. : A
small collection of fragmentary ver-
tebrate remains from the Triassic
of Texas (6472.")).

DOWNES, Johk I. H., New Haven,
Conn.: Painting by the donor en-
titled " (Jerman Cruiser Embden De-
stroyed by the Australian Cruiser
Sydney " (65162).

DRAKE PROCESS INCORPORATED,
Cleveland, Ohio : 11 paper milk bot-
tles and 2 containers for drug sun-
dries made from wood pulp ; 4 sam-
ples of wood pulp and 24 articles
made therefrom (64958, 6483S).

DUNNE, Dr. An>-a Baetsch, Silver
Spring. ^Id. : 3 specimejis of hot
larva (63911).

DUPREE, Mrs. ^^Iattie, Washington,

D. C. : A specimen of lead ore from
Baxter Springs, Kansas (03917).

DURBAN MUSEUM, Durban, Natal,
Union of South Africa (through Mr.

E. C. Chubb): 2 small rodents
(64495).

DUTHIE, :Miss Rexa P. (See under
Colorado State Museum, Denver.)

DWYER, Mr.s. Thomas F., and Miss
CATiii.ia^x Cassel KLINE, Wash-
ington, D. C. : 2 sabers, 2 daggers,
and a helmet owned by Filipino in-
surgent oflicers during the Philip-
pine Ii?surrection, 1S9S-1001 ; also

DWYER, Mrs. Thomas F.. and Mis.s

Cathi.eex Cassel KLINE— Contd.

a Cheyenne Indian beaded leather

belt, collected by General .Tacob

Kline, U. S. Army (64943, loan).

(See also nnder General .Tacob
Kline).

DYER. FiJAxcis .!.. American Consul,
Nogales, Sonora, Mexico : 5 ferns
from Texas (6306S) ; 3 lizards, 1
toad, and miscellaneous in.secls,
spiders, centipedes, etc., and 3 bird's
eggs (64055) ; 5 plants from Arizona
and Mexico (64130) ; 2 planfs, cacti,
MaiiimiUarta rccurrata (64.502).

DYKAAR, ]MosES Waixek, Brooklyn,
N. Y. : Bust in white marble of Hon.
Champ Clark, by Moses Waiiier
Dykaar (05007, loan).

EASTWOOD, Miss Alice. (See under
California Academy of Scienc(>s.)

EDDY, Mrs. A. T., Enfield. N. H.
(tluough Commandant J. ^I. ^loore,
U. S. Coast Guard, South Baltimore,
Md.) : Water color sketcli of a pro-
posed monument to Robert Fulton
to be erected at Lower ConneUon,
Indiana, endorsed with the signa-
tures of Millard Filhuore and other
pi-ominent Americans (04171).

EDWARDS. F. W. (See under Lon-
don, England. British IVInseum Nat-
ural History.)

EDWARDS, Harry C. Gauanoiiue,
Ontario, ('anada (through th<» Gov-
ernment Loan Organization, New
Y'ork City) : Painting by the donor
entitled " Edith Cavell Next ".
(05176).

EGGLESTON, W. W., Bureau of Plant
Industry, U. S. Department of Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C. ; 51 plants
from Indiana (64777).

EGYPT, ZOOLOGICAL SERVICE OF,
GIZA (through Capt. S. S. Fowler,
Director) : Skulls of 3 cats (64832).

EIGEN:\IANN, Dr. Carl H., Indiana
L'niversity, Bloomington, Ind. : 221
lishes collected in Sontli Anu'i-iea
in 1918 (64282, exchange).

EISE.MANN MAGNETO CORl»ORA-
TION, Brooklyn, N. Y. : Anlomohile
Magneto with impulse starter. Tyi>e
G-4 (64028).

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

159

I-:TJ>T0T, Lieutouant Colonel Duxcan,
U. S. Army (through Itic-hard Mc-
Can Elliot, Bryu IMawr, Peimsylva-
nia, and G. J. Guthrie Nicholsou,
New York City) : American and for-
eign swords, a Boxer flag, 2 belts,
and small arms of the 19th century
(38 specimens) and 9 Filipino
weapons (G4r)60).

ELLIOT, RiCHAKD ]M(Cax. (See un-
der Lt. Col. Duncan Elliot.)

ELLIOTT, jNIrs. I. T.. Himrod, X. Y. :
].j fossils and 5 freshwater shells
collected at Himrod (64320).

ELLIS, L. W. (See under Ilaleigh T.
Shelton.)

E:\I0RY, :\1i-s. Wii.t.tajc Hkmsley,
"Washington, D. C. : Collection of
Eskimo ethnological specimens
(<)4S42, loan).

EXGBERG, Dr. ('Aiir, C., Exceutive
Dean, I'niTersity of Nebraska, Lin-
coln, Nel». ? Barnacle, Balanus enr/-
hcifiicnui. type si>ecimen, from Wash-
ington (G3S](>) ; 2.~)0 plus crustaceans
collected at Olga, Washington
(G4210) ; o barnacles, paratypes of
JUihinus ciifitfcrfjidiiiix. from drift-
wood, Olga, Washington (G4T03).

ENGLEHAKDl', George P., Central
IMusounr, Brooklyn, N^. Y. : 20 moths
i-epresenting species from the Canal
Zone and Nova Scotia (64268).

ENGLISH, W. A.. Care, V. S. (Geo-
logical Survey, Washington, D. C. :
27 marine mollusks collected 10 miles
east of Cape Llewellyn, A^'. Au>tralia
(G.3973).

ERDIS, Ellwooi) C, :yretcalf, Ariz.:
Young "King's"' lizard, Clcrrhonolua
uohiliH, from Metcalf (63989).

ERICSSON. CrrAin.ES. Ilallnmlalc.
Fla. : Whale skidl from Ilallamlalc
(64965).

EYANS, Dr. Ai.exaxdeh W.. Osborn
Botanical Laboratory, Yal(> Univer-
sity, New Haven, Conn. ; 2 plants
(G4729).

EYANS, INIrs. E. M., Wasiiingtoii, D. C. :
3."i arrows (6 with stone points), and
3 lire drills from (he Indians of
Idaho, collected by Di\ \\'illi,im R.
:Ma<ldox. 1SS7-91 (63SS4).

E\'ANS, M. W., Bureau of Plant In-
dustry, Ollice of Forage Crops, I'. S.
l>enarlment of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D. C. : 30 Hymenoptera
(bees and wasps) (64837).

EVANS, YicroR J., Washington, D. C. :
Collection of ethnological material
from .Tava and Borneo (17 speci-
imMis) (64426) ; 72 baskets from the
American Indians and other coun-
tries (65121). Exchange.

FAIR:\IAN, Di-. Charles E., Lyudon-
ville, N. Y. : Plant from New York
(G4376).

I'WLL, H. C, Tyngsboro, ilass. : 5
beetle larvae (65042).

FARNC^XIST, Charles P., Spokane,
A\'ash. (through Interior Depart-
ment. V. S. Geological Survey) : A
specimen of lainnontite from AVoll'
Creek Station. Lewis and Clark
County, ?*Iontana (64.323).

FASSETT, Truman E., Greycourt,
West Falmouth, Mass. (through the
Government Loan Organization, Nov,'
York City) : Painting by the donor
entitled " U. S. Naval Guns in Action
on the French Front" (65177).

FATTIG, P. W., Gainesville, Fla.
(through :\Ir. P. L. Ricker) : 26
plants from Floiida (64679) : 17
specimens of plants from Fhirida
(64968).

FAUROTE. F. L. (See under Curtis.s
Aeroplane and Motor Corporation.)

FAUYER, W. F., Willcox, Ariz.:
Giant whip-scorpion, Masfifloproctus
f/if/aniciis (63892).

FAYETTEYILLE, ARKANSAS, AGRI-
CULTURAL EXPERIMENT STA-
TION (through :\Ir. H. R. Ro.sen) :
Plant, J?lifn)i)nis; fronr Arkansas
(649.53).

FEARNL1-:Y. INIrs. .ToJix, Burlington.
N. .1.; 2 plants collected in :\raine
(64041).

FEDERATED INLVLAY STATES MU-
SEUMS. (See under Kuala Lum-
pur.)

FELIPI'ONE. I3I-. F., I^Ioiitevideo, Uru-
guay : 341 mollusks. 50 .species, :;
crustaceans, and :i fragmentary
worm tube from Uruguay (().3791,
exihange).

160

EEPOr.T OF XATIOX.\L MUSEUM, 1020.

FKUNALD, JosiAH E. (See \imlor
Miss Elizabeth S. Slevoiis.)

FKintISS, James H., Juliet, 111.
(throusli Dr. William Trelease) : 2
plants (05030).

FJi:WKES, Dr. J. Waltkr. ( See under
.1. AY. Ingalls, and F. 1{. "Whitney.)

FIELD, L. R., Meridian, Idaho: Speci-
men of Eremohates palliijcs (G389G).

FINLAND, GEOLOGICAL C0M:MIS-
SION OF, Helsingfor.s, Finland: A
collection comprising 25 varieties of
geological material (04465, ex-
change).

FISHER, George L., Hou.ston, Tex. :
M plants (639G7) ; 80 plants from
Texas (64611).

FISHER, Mrs. Samuel T., Washing-
ton, D. C. (through Mrs. R. G.
Hoes) : 2 embroidered silk aprons
made by Mrs. Sara Upham of Mas-
.saoluLsetts (born in 1830) (64325).

FISHER, W. S., Bureau of Entomol-
ogy, U. S. Department of Agricul-
fnre, Washington, D. C. : 20 insects
including female of ConiphacscJina,
species (6.3932.)

FITTS, William, Springhcld, Mass. :
36 specimens of datolite from West-
lield, Massachusetts (64609).

FLP:ISHMAN, Simon. (See under
Mrs. Simon Kann.)

FLETCHP:R, Chakles AV., Los An-
geles, Calif (through Interior De-
partment, U. S. Geological Survey) :
Fragments of the mineral boussin-
gaultite from South Mountain, near
Ventura, California (64324).

FLETCHER, M., Imperial Entomolo-
gist (See luider Agricultural Re-
search Institute, Pusa Bihar, India).

FLORIDA STATE GEOLOGICAL
SURVEY, Tallahas.see, Fla. : Type
specimen of the fossil bird, Jahiru
loeiUsi (64997, exchange).

FLORIDA STATE MUSEUM, Gaines-
ville, Fla.: Marine mollusk from
Florida (649.50).

FORNANZINT, Gekvaso, Valtellina,
Lanzada, Italy: 4 minerals from
Italy (646.53).

FOSHAG, W. F., U. S. National Mu-
seum: A small collection of minerals
from Amelia, Virginia (640.361 ;
lirclmite ci'ys?tals fi'om Crestmore,
neai- Riverside, California (64380).

FOSS, J. W.. San Francisco, Calif: A
die, engraved in fine-grained l)la(k
slate, from which castings in clay,
plaster or lead can l»e made.

FOWLER, Capt. S. S. (See under
Zoological Service, Giza, Egypt.)

FOX, BruTox S., R. M. P. Service,
Banff, Alberta,. Canada (through Dr.
C. D. Walcott) : A specimen of talc
fi'om ]\Iount AVhymper, near A'er-
milion Pass, west of Banff, Alberta,
Canada (64483).

FRACKER. S. B., Madison AVis. : Bee-
tle, Anamctis gninulatu (63956).

FR AI PONT, Dr. Charles. ( See under
Liege, Belgium, I'niversity of Liege.)

FREDERICK, C, Soldiers Home,
AVasliington, D. C. : 2 Swiss bronze
coins, five centimes and ten centimes,
respectively, struck in 1918 (64691).

FRY, Miss Laura At Lafayette, Ind.
(through the Government Loan Or-
ganization, New York City) : Paint-
ing by the donor entitled " Her
Dream" (6-5178).

FULLER, :\Irs. Richard S., AVashing-
ton, D. C. (through Mrs. Julian-
James) : AA'earing apparel of the
Derby fandly of Salem, Massachu-
.setls (64430, loan).

GAIGE, F. INI. (See under Michigan,
LTniversity of, Museum of Zoology.)

GALE, HoYT S., AVashington, D. C. :
Samples of crude salts from the Pin-
tados Salar. Tarapaca, Chile (642.54^ ;
2 .specijuens of potash from Amelie
Mine, Alsace; 1 of salt from Spain,
and 1 of potassium chloride Avith
anhydrous borax from Searles Lake,
California (04471).

GARCIA Y MERCET, R., IMadrid,
Spain: 11 insects Chalcidoidea, 9
species (63894).

GARDENER, jMrs. Helen IL (See
under National American AV*«<ijan
Suffrage Association.)

GARESCHE, Louis J., AVashington, D.
C. : TTniform coat, .sash, epaulets,
dress sword and service sword, worn

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

161

GAKESCIIE, Tx)T:is J.— Continued,
by Lieut. Col. Julius P. Garosche,
U. S. Army, prior to and durinj; the
Civil War and a photogriiph of liim
by Brady (7 specimens) (64102,
loan ) .

GARFIELD, James K., Cleveland,
Ohio : Overcoat worn by President
James A. Garfield (63S42).

GARMAN, Prof. H., University of Ken-
tucky, Lexington, Ky. : 2 plants
(G4989).

GATES, Prof. ^yIIXIAM H. { See under
Standard Oil Company of Louisi-
ana.)

CKE, Prof. N. Gist, Soochow Uni-
versity, Soochow, China: 60 mol-
lusks, representing 12 species, 2
sponges, and a collection of spiders
and insects; 2 crustaceans, Caridina
tlcnticvlata, and 150 insects, all
from China (64521, 64542, 64828).

(JEORGE, Mrs. Sallie Shock, Balti-
more, Md. : .3 painted vases from
Pompeii (64815, loan).

GEPPERT, A. v., Rul)y, Alaska : 2 fos-
sil hoof bones of a prehistoric horse
(65003).

GIBBS, Dr. H. D., U. S. Department
of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(through Dr. Edgar T. Wlierry) : 3
specimens of massicottite (artifi-
cial) (64009).

GILBERT, F. M., Chicago. 111. : 2 De-
vonian goniatites from Marcellus,
New York (64402).

GODING, Dr. F. W., American Consul
General. Guayaquil, Ecuador: 28
snakes, 1 lizard, 2 insects and 1 fish
from Ecuador (65092).

GOING, Major Charles B., Islamo-
rado, Fla. : 10 plants fruni Florida
(64616, 64688).

GOLD HUNTER MIXING AND
SMELTING CO:\IPANY, THE, Mul-
lan, Idaho : 3 specimens of the min-
eral mullanite (64441).

GOLD ISIARK KNITTING COM-
PANY, Woonsocket, R. I.: 6 sam-
ples of worsted and wool jersey
cloth (64995).

9525°— 20 11

GOODWIN, A. A., National Home, Or-
der of Elks, Bedford, Ya. : Plant,
Cyiisus (65049).

GOODWIN, Philip R., Mamaroneck,
N. Y. (through the Government
Loan Organization, New York
City) : Painting by the donor en-
titled " Charge on the Hindenburg
Line of the 105th Infantry, 27th Di-
vision " (65179).

GORDON, S. G., Academy of Natural
Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. : A speci-
men of the mineral nesquehonite
(64417).

GOTTSCHALK, I. H., von, New York
City (through the Government Loan
Organization, New York City) : An
oil painting by the donor entitled
"Fair Game for the Hun" (64345).

GOUGH, Harry, White Plains. Md.:
A small collection of chipped arrow
and speai'-heads, of quartz and
quartzite, found by the d(jnor near
AVhite Plain.s, Maryland (64177).

GOVERNMENT LOAN ORGANIZA-
TION, New York City (through
Capt. H. Ledyard Towle) : Collec-
tion of pictures painted by various
artists for the Victory Liberty Loan
Display, 1919 (65181, loan).

GRAHAM, David C, Suifu, Szechuen
Province, West China: 6 photo-
graphs of the natives of West China
.(64076) ; 2 invertebrate fossils and
4 mineral specimens from China
(64122) ; a small collection of fos-
sils and minerals from West China
(64584).

GRANT, Gordon, Los Angeles, Calif. :
7 myriopods (1 type and 6 para-
typos), Alopetholus angcJns (64759).

GRAA'ES, E. W., Bentonsport, Iowa:
187 plants from Alabama (643()0,
64749) ; 74 plants from Cuba
(64613).

GRAY KNOX MARBLE COMPANY,
Knoxville, Tenn. : 5 marble slalis
2x5 feet (63876).

GREENE, C. T., Bureau of Ento-
- mology, U. S. Department of Agri-.
culture, Washington, D. C. : 400
specimens of Diptera (65095).

162

EEPORT OF XATIOX^y:, MUSEU.M, 19'20^

GEINNAN, J. C, Norfolk, Va.: 2
Mediterranean mollusks, 2 species
(G406S).

GRISCOM, Ludlow, New Yorli City:
G32 plants, chiefly from Europe and
Nicaragua (G3S27, excliauge).

GUERNSEY, Dr. Joseph C, Bryn
Mawr, Pa. (through Dr. W. A.
Dewey, Ann Arbor, Mich.) : Bronze
medallion of Hahnemann, by
D'Angers, presented to the donor's
father by Mme. Hahnemann, it
being, with one other, believed to be
the only ones sent to the United
States (64305).

GUGGENHEIMER, C. H. (See under
Knit Fabrics Company).

GUNNELL, Leonard C, Smithsonian
Institution: Young starling, f^tunuis
vulf/aris (649S3).

HAAS BROTHERS FABRICS COR-
PORATION, New York City: 2
samples of trico silk knitted fabrics
(G4972).

HAAS, Mrs. Charles C, Whitewood,
S. D. : Skull with one lower jaw of
an extinct insectivore, let ops da La-
te ii sis (6400G).

HABERYAN, H. D., Farmerville, La. :
A fresh water amphipod of the genus
Cranyonyx taken from a well
(G47.3G).

HABIG, YiTA, Cincinnati, Ohio
(through the Cincinnati ]\Iuscuni
Association) : An enlarged photo-
graph in an oval frame of the '" Turk-
ish Tom Thumb" and 39 small
photographs and post cards of this
little man taken in all parts of the
W(u-ld and of other dwarfs with
whom he has evidently been asso-
ciated (49 specimens) (G4001).

HALL, Prof. E. M., Dixie Normal
College, St. George, Utah (through
Ivar Tidestrom) : 105 plants; from
southern Utah (64513).

HAMILTON, Thomas, AVashingloii,
D. C. : Horsehair worm from a cab-
bage, Washington, D. C. (G4514).

HANSON, H. C, Houston, Tex.: 129
l>lants from Texas (64004).

HANSON, Petek. Fresh water amphi-
pod from a well at Clarendon. Vir-
ginia (G4T95).

HARDER, E. C, (See under J. E.
Carney, jr.).

HARGROVE, J. L., Washington, D. C. :
A specimen of euxenite from North
Carolina (G47S4).

HARPER, Francis P.^ Bureau of Bio-
logical Survey, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : 4
bird skins; from France (G4299,
G4.33S, 64479).

HARPER, Dr. R. 31., University, Ala. :
plants from Alabama and Georgia,
and 2 plants, Jleuchera macrorhiztt.
from Alabama (63833, 64390).

HARRIMAN, Mrs. E. H., New Y(.rk
City: Portrait of .John Muir, l»y
Orlando Rouland (64.561).

HARRINGTON, G. L., U. S. Geological
Survey, Washington, D. C. : 30 land
and fresh water shells, representing
4 .species, from Yukon River, Alaska,
collected by the donor (64447).

HARRISON, Dr. Carrie, Brookland,
D. C. : Sugar bowl (with cover)
from the first china of Louisa Har-
rison, probahly about 1854 — English
«)4028).

HARTMAN, Charles S., American
Minister, Quito, Ecuador: Plant
(64257).

HARTOGENSIS, Henry S. (through
B. H. Hartogensis, Baltimore. Md. > :
2 illuminated manuscripts of ]\tiz-
]'ah. 1 Torah pointer of carved ivory,
and 2 nietal markers for the charity
coUeetion during the feast of Purim
(6506G).

HATCH, Mi.ss Emha' Nichols. New
York City (through the Government
Loan Organization. New Y'ork City) :
Painting by the donor entitled
'■ Wa-<liington's Birthday, 1918.
(The 77th Division Parades on
Fifth Avenue, New York)" (651.38).

HATHAWAY, George A., Washington.
D. C. : A piece of American-made
vellum (65113).

HAY, Dr. O. P., Cainegie Insliiuiiou
of Wasliington, Washington, D. C:
175 fossil mollusks, representing 9
species, collected about 1883 l)y lion.
William McAdams at Altoti, Illinois

LIST OF ACCESSIOXS.

163

IIAY, Dr. O. P.— Couliiuiea.

(61060) ; a collection of fossils from
a cave near Bnlverde, Bexar County,
Texas (64545).

(Sec also under Phillips Academy,
Andover, Massachusetts, and Stand-
ard Oil Company of Louisiana.)

HEALD, K. C, U. S. Geological Sur-
vey, ^^'ashington, D. C. : 14 Tertiary
fish scales from Peru (64S13).

HELLER, A. A., Chico, Calif.: 17
plants, chiefly grasses, from Cali-
fornia (04515).

HENDERSON, Charles W. (See un-
der Root and Simpson.)

HENDERSON, John B., Washington,
D. C. : Part of the William F. Clapp
collection of New England Umd and
fresh water molluslis, purchased l)y
the donor and donated to the Mu-
seum collections, consisting of 10,000
specimens, 61 species, and 293 lots
(64213) ; about 200 specimens, 33
species, of Sphaeriidae from the
United States and Naiades (fresh
water mollusks) from Nortli and
South America. (See also under
George Spence. )

HENRY, Miss Caroline, Wasliington,
D. C. : 3Iiscellaneous pieces of scien-
tific apparatus used by Josepli Henry
(1799-1S7S) during the latter part
of his life (70 specimens) (04599).

HERIBERTO, Bkother. (See uuder
Colegio San Pedro Apostol, Carta-
gena, Colombia.)

HERING, Cael, Philadelphia, Pa.:
Bound typewritten copy of " Chronol-
ogy of the Life of Constant ine Ber-
ing, the Fatlier of Homeopathy in
America," and a reprint of part of
the sanie from the Transactions of
the International Hahnemanuian As-
sociation (640S9).

HERRERA. Dr. A. L., Direccion do
Estudios Biologicos, Mexico, L>. F.,
Mexico: Plant, Trichilia hirta, from
Mexico (64215) ; 3 crustaceans, A pus
aeqiifilis, found in a swani'p on the
phuitation of " Echagaray " (Muni-
cipality (if Atzacoptzalco, D. F.,
Mexico) (04522) ; 3 birds from
Lower Cnlifornia (64.5.39) ; A crus-

HERRERA. Dr. A. L.— Coutinued.
taceau, I'aniiUnts inflatits, from
Lower California, and an alcyona-
rian from the Gulf of Cortez, Lower
California (64623).

HESS, F. L. (See under C. N. Car-
penter, J. Gillingham Hibbs, Home-
stake ^Mining Company, Molybdenum
Mines Company, C. W. Purington,
Raritau Copper Works, R. and S.
Molybdenum Company, W. I. Selgle.)

HEUVRARD, H. (See under Bona-
parte, Prince Roland.)

HEWITT, Mrs. A. C, New York City :
Bound volume " The Lincoln Centen-
nial Medal " containing a bronze
copy of the medal set in wood from?
Mr. Lincoln's office in Springfield,
Illinois (65077).

HEWITT, Dr. C. Gokdox, Dominion
Entomologist, -Ottawa, Cauada : 4
specimens of dipterous larvae from
Para, Brazil (64626). (See also
under Canada.)

HEAVSON, Mrs. .T. H., Washington,
D. C. : Military saddle and bridle,
with accessories, owned by Lieut.
General John M. Schofield, U. S.
Army (11 specimensO (64220).

HIBBARD. Raymond R., Buffalo, N.
Y. : 460 specimens of Middle De-.
vonian fossils from western New
York (63985, exchange) ; 400 speci-
mens of Devonian worm and fish
teeth (conodouts) (64291, ex-
change) ; 10 .small slahs with cono-
douts from- the Devonian of western
New York (64869, exchange) ; 20
shale slabs with fossil ostracoda
from Aldeu, New York (65000).

HIBBS, J. Gillingham, Denver, Col.
(through F. L. He.ss) : Specimeu of
ferlierite and sylvanite from Boulder
County, Colorado (03863).

HIGGINS, H. C, Belmar, N. J.: 4
Philippine Island shells, 4 species
(63870) ; 4 land shells representing 3
new subspecies, collectetl by C. M.
Weber on Palawan and Tidepole Is-
lands, P. I. (64065).

HILTON, Dr. S. L., Washington, D. C. :
Opium pipe, specimen of Siam ben-
zoin, and specimen of Jetiuirity seeds

(63982).

164

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1&20.

HILTON, Dr. William A. (See uiider
I'uiuoJia Collejie.)

HINKLEY, A. A., DuIJois, 111.: ITS
molhisks representing 32 species
from Guateninln, including 2 figured
types (G4771) ; 15 lund and fresb
water shells, 4 species, from Mexico
and Guatemala (64801).

IlINTON, CiiARLKS Louis, Bronxville,
N. Y. (Ihrough the Government Loan
Organization, New York City) :
Plaster tigurino by the donor en-
titled "Colnnihia's Call to Arms "•
(G434G).

HIOKAM, Brother, Colegie del Sa-
grado Corazon, Guantauamo, Ori-
ente, Cuba: 107 ferns, chiefly from
Cuba (64251).

HIP.SHUR, Edwaku K., Barboursville,
W. Va. : 3 plants (64072).

HITCHCOCK, Prof. A. S., Bureau of
Plant Industry, U. S. Department of
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. : 2
plants from the Hawaiian Islands
(64097) ; plant from Santo Domingo
(64728).

HITT, Mrs. B. S. R., Washington,
D. C. ; 2 mounted birds, quezals,
J'haromachrus moeinno, from Guate-
mala (64666).

HOAR, Capt. RoGKR Sherman, Aber-
deen Proving Ground, Md. : Box
turtle from Aberdeen Proving
Ground (64091).

HOBSON, Mrs. A. H., Fort Myers,
Fla. : Plant from Florida (63795).

HODGE, Mr. F. AV., New York City:
I'lant from New Mexico (63840).

HOES, Mrs. R. G., Washington, D. C :
A vinaigrette, hand - embroidered
dress pattern, liand-embroidered col-
lan^tte, and a collection of colored
fashion-plates, bound (63850) ; 8
sjiecimens of wearing apparel
(64427) ; an old trunk which has on
it -'.John Hazard," New York, 1705
(65119). Loan.

(See also under Mrs. Samuel T.
Fisher, and ]\Iiss Sydney Price).

IIOFER, G. H., Tucson, Ariz. : 9 snakes
and 2 spiders from Arizona (64720).

HOFFMAN, Hakky L., Old Lyme,
Conn, (through Government Lf)an
Organization, New York City) :
I'ainting by the donor entitled " The
Argonne" (65134).

HOLLISTER, N., Superintendent, Na-
tional Zoological Park, Washington,
D. C. : 200 plants from Wisconsin
(639U7) ; skull of a snapping turtle,
(liclydra serpentina, from Delavan,
Wisconsin (63913); Carolina wren,
Tlu'ifOihorus ivdovicianus, from
Washington, D. C. (644.51).

HOLLOAVAY, T. E., New Orleans, La. :
Larvae of 4 kinds of sugar-cane
borers from .7ava and Mauritius

(64597).

HOLMES, Dr. William H., U. S. Na-
tional IMuseum : Oil painting by Nico-
las Poussin entitled "The Philis-
tines Attacked with the Plague "
(color sketch for his large picture in
the Louvre, Collection of Louis XIV )
(64697, loan).

HOMESTAKE MINING COMPANY,
Lead, S. D. (through Mr. F. L.
Hess) : 2 specimens of tungsten Ore
(63808). ■ ■

HOPKINS, L. S., Kent, Ohio : 6 plants
from Ohio (64895).

HOPKINSON, Charles, Manchester,
Mass. (through the Government
Loan Organization, New York City) :
2 paintings by the donor, entitled
" The Sinking of the Lusitania " and
'* The Sinking of Hospital Ship by
U-Boat" (65132).

HOTCHKISS, Dr. W. O., State Geol-
ogist, Madison, Wis., and Dr. E. O.
ULRICH, U. S. Geological Survey,
Washington, D. C. : Collection of
Upper Cambrian fossils numbering
about 10,000 specimens from Wiscon-
sin (64111).

HOUGH, Dr. WAJ/ri'i!, U. S. National
Museum : 15 specimens of Tertiary
fossils from Maryland (63947).

HOUSE, H. D. (See under New York
State Mu.seum, Albany, N. Y.)

HOUSHOLDER, V. H., Gila Bend,
Ariz. : Banded^ gecko, Coleonyx
vaneyntus, from Gila Bend (64020) ;
snake, Chclojneniscus ephippicus
(04240).

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

165

HUWE, J. K., Fiiirliuven, Mu.ss. : A
iiiuzzle-loadiny pistol made by Kob-
bins, Kendall and Lawrence, Wind-
sor, Vermont, 1S4G, with liannuer
midernealh barrel (05US3, loan).

H()^^'ELL, iliss Feucie Waldow, New
York City (tbrough the Government
Loan Organization, New York City) :
Painting by the donor entitled " Re-
turn of the 27Lh Division (?»larching
up Fifth Avenue)"' (65130.).

HOWES, TowNSEND (tbrough Dr.
Walter liough, U. S. National Mu-
seum) : Japanese ba.sket made from
kelp from San Francisco, C'alifornia

IHTRBELL, Henuy Salem, Pittsburgh,
Pa. (.through the (Government Loan
Organization, New York City) :
Painting by the donor entitled
'■ I'orirait of Captain Walter R.
Flannery, Ttli U. S. Infantry"
(65135).

IlllBBY. Miss Ella F., Pasadena,
< 'alif. : Type collection of western
Indian baskets (64GS7).

HUBERT, H. Edward, New Orleans,
La. : 15 niollusks and 8 other mis-
cellaneous invertebrates from Louisi-
ana : also 34 plants, 1 mammal, 17
vinls of insects, and 12 fishes
( 63905 ) ; a collection of miscella-
neous invertebrates, a frog and a
lizard from various localities
(649S2),

IITJCKEL, Earle W^, Germantown,
Philadelphia, Pa. : Collection of
prints (366 .'ipecimens) (64874).

nUIMM, Fred A., Fort Myer Heights,
Va.: Prairie dog (6.5005).

HUMMEL, E. W., Sonoita, Ariz.: 2

upper mol;irs cf a small species of

horse, and 2 upper molars of a spe-

' cies of camel, from the Pleistocene,

Santa Cruz County, Arizona (64157).

HUMPHREY, IMaster L. M., Glen
Echo, j\Id. : Copperhead snake, Af/ki-
strodon mokasen, from near Cabin
John Bridge, IMaryland (640.53).

HYACINTH, Brother P., Philadelphia
Protectory for Boys, Phoenixville,

\ Pa.: 163 plants from Maryland
(64147).

IDDINGS, Dr. J. P., Brinklow, Md. :
2 s]iecimeus of pegmatite out of
Quincy granite, from Quincy, Massa-
chusetts (63937).
ILLINGWORTH, Dr. J. F., Meringa,
near Cairns, North Queensland, Aus-
ti-alia : 175 Australian insects
(64023).

( See also under Sugar Experiment
Station, IMeringa near Cairns,
Queensland, Australia).
INi^ALLS, J. W., San Diego, Calif,
(through Dr. J. Walter Fewkes) :
A Paiute fire drill and a Shoshone
pick and shovel of mountain ma-
hogany (64119).
INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, GOVERN-
INIBNT OF FORMOSA, JAPAN
(through Prof. M. Oshima) : 36
decapod crustaceans, representing
19 species, from Formosa (64818) ;
2 decapod crustaceans, 2 species
from Formosa (64819; exchange).
INSTITUTO DE LA SALLE, Bogota,
Colombia (through Brother Ariste-
Josepb) : Archeological objects from
various localities in Colombia, and 2
earthenware vessels made by the
Quindio Indians in imitation of an-
tiquities (64356).
INSTITUTO DE LA SALLE, Correo
NuQoa, Chile (through Brother
Claude Joseph) 52 plants (6.5048).
INTERIOR DEPARTIMENT :

United States Gcoloyival Survey:
Specimens collected during the
summer of 1918 by Prof. T. Nel-
son Dale in the dolomite and
caleite areas of western Massa-
chusetts (63832) ; 3 lots of mis-
cellaneous geological material
colle<^ted by Mr. N. H. Dartoii
(6.3988) ; 8 boxes of various min-
eral specimens (64062) : 5 speci-
mens of manganese oxide ores,
includiiig duplicate material
illustrating in part a bulktin
of the U. S. Geological Survey
(64083) ; a slab of limestone full
of larg^ cup corals, from Osage
County, Oklahoma (64168) ;
specimens of carnotite from Coal
Creek, Colorado, and a speci-
men of sericite from Georgia

160

EEPORT OF XATIOX.VL MUSEUM, 1020.

INTEKIOR DErARTMENT— Coutd.
(G4212) ; 42 boxes of borings
from near Fallon, Nevada, in
the Black Rock Desert, the
Smoke Creek Desert, and else-
where (G4275) ; reference collec-
tion illustrating report by Mr.
F. L. Ransome on the Ray and
Miami copper districts, Arizona
(Professional Paper 115), and 2
boxes of miscellaneous material
(64279) ; samples from well
bored at Searles Lake, Califor-
nia (642S0) ; thin sections of
rocks and ores from collections
made by Mr. James M. Hill
(G42S4) ; 118 plants collected in
Alaska by Mr. G. L. Harrington
(G436S) ; SG specimens illustrat-
ing the ore deposits of Tonopali,
Kcvada, as described in Profes-
sional Paper 104, by IMessrs.
Edson S. Bastin and Francis B.
Laney (64393) ; 3 small lots of
Pleistocene vertebrate fossils
collected by Mr. William ' C.
Alden in westeiui Iowa and east-
ern Nebraska (64403) ; 4 Eocene
mammalian teeth collected by
Mr. D. F. Hewett on McCuUoch
Peak, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming
(64419) ; lot of mineral speci-
mens (64437) ; 27 boxes of Alas-
kan material (64526) ; 37 fossil
laud and fresh water mollusks.
G species from Red River bot-
tom lands, Burkburnett, Texas
(64527) ; a collection of igneous
rocks illustrating the Hot
Springs, Arkansas, folio

(64.534) ; 2 teeth and frag-
ment of a foot bone of Pleisto-
cene horse, collected by Mr.
W. C. Alden in Iowa (64538) ;
21 additional si>ecimens bearing
on the geology of the Tintic Dis-
trict, Utah (64563) ; the type
specimen of the mineral liaus-
manite (64608) ; box of potasli
well borings (G4G48) ; a box of
phosphate (64649) ; 9 boxes of
minerals collected by IMr. W. T.
Schaller (64650) ; 30 si>ecimens
of teeth, plates, bones, etc. of

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT— Coutd.

fishes from the Pennsylvania
rocks of Missouri (G4G71) ;
about 1,000 specimens of inver-
tebrate fossils and 15 shark'.s
teeth from the Cannonball ma-
rine member of the^ Lance
formation of North and South
Dakota, including types and fig-
ured specimens described in Pro-
fessional I'aper 128-A (64700) ;
21 photographs showing mining
of inorganic substances used in
medicine (G471S) ; 300 drawers
of Silurian and Devonian inver-
tebrates collected by ^Ir. E. i\I.
Kindle (64776) ; Hayes' Nica-
ragua collection ; Hayes and
others' Southern Appalachian
collections ; Hague's Yellov.-stone
Park collection; and other
minor collections (64799) : py-
rite filled cavity of a flattened
stem of the fossil plant, Cala-
mites suckoirii (G4939;) : rocks
from the Idaho and ^Montana
cinnabar deiwsits, collected and
described by Mr. E. S. Larseu
(64949) ; rock specimens col-
lected in Alaska by Messrs.
E. M. Eakin and A. G. :Maddren
(649S5) ; brass projector and a
Burt solar compass (65070).
(See also under Dominican Re-
public, Charles P. Farnqnist and
Charles W. Fletcher.
INTERIOR DEPARTMENT (See also

under Smithsonian Institution ) .
IOWA :MUSEUM of natural HIS-
TORY, State University of, Iowa
City, Iowa ; 11 isopod crustaceans,
representing 5 species, collected by
the Barbados-Antigua Expedition of
the State University of Iowa. lOlS
(64840).
ITURBE, Dr. .Tlax, Clinico Labora-
torio. Caracas, Venezuela : 2 .speci-
mens of PseudotJiclpliusa, the crab
which serves as the secondary inter-
mediate host of the lung distome
(64572) ; 5 mollusks, representing 2
.species, which .serve as intermediate
host of ^Schistosoma mrinsoHi
(64G29).

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

167

JACKSON, Tiof. H. S., Purdue Uni-
versity, Lafayette, Ind. : 2S speci-
mens of rusts from the United States
(64753, excliauge).
JAMES, Mr^. Juliax-, Wasliiugion,
D. C. : Hair dressing outfit, and a
boolc entitled '• Cliats on Costumes "
by C. Woolliscroft Rhead, R. E.,
New Yorlc, 1906 (304 pages)
(63883) ; pair of child's rod Russia
leather shoes (63849). Loan.

(See also under Andrew Hussey
Allen, Miss INIabel T. Boardmau, Mrs.
Joseph Stanley Brown, Mrs. R. Bar-
rett Browning, Mrs. Albert Cottle,
:Mi-s. Richard S. Fuller, j\Irs. John
D. Larkin, Mrs. F. E. Partington,
Miss Sidney Price, Mrs. C. W. Rich-
ardson, and Mrs. Woodrow Wilson).
JANSE, A., Care, Mr, AVilliam Schaus,
U, S. National Museum. 100 moths
from South Africa (65099).
JENNINGS, ESTATE OF ALLAN H.
(through Miss Estelle Louise Jen-
nings, executrix, New York City) :
1298 birds, 13 mammals, and 2 glass
sponges, a collection chiefly from
North America and the Bahama
Islands (64454).
JEWISH WELFARE ■ BOARD, NA-
TIONAL HEADQUARTERS, New
York City (through Col. Harry Cut-
ler, chairman) : Jewish prayer shawl
(talith) in two pieces, and one
phylactei-y, which were secui-ed by
Mr. John Goldhaar, Field Secretary
of the Jewish Welfare Board, from
the Synagogue of Rheims, France,
after the invasion of the German
Army (64002).
JIMENEZ, Ot6n, San Jose, -Costa
Rica (through Dr. H. Pittier) : 105
phmts from Costa Rica (64C>94,
04408).
'JOHANNSEN, I'rof. O. A., Cornell
University, Ithaca, N. Y. ; Specimen
of holomyzid (64.520).
JOHANSEN, FitiTZ, Geological Survey,
Victoria :Memorial Museum, Ottawa,
Canada: 2 catfish, AmeitiyKS nehii-
Josus, collecte<l in the vicinity of
Ottawa, Canada, and 18 amphiptxls,
representing 2 species, from Quebec,
Canada (64S71, 6.5038).

JOHNSON, Mrs. A. B. (See under

Miss Bertha Cohen.)
JOHNSON, Frank Texxey, New York
City (through tlie Governnfent Loan
Organization, New York City) :
Painting by the donor entitled
"Camel Supply Train Resting"
(6.5133).
JOHNSON, Haery, Tucuru, Alta Vara-
paz, Guatemala: 3 plants, cactus
(6403S) ; through the Office of F(jr-
eign Seed Plant Introduction, Bu-
reau of Plant Industry, U. S. De-
partment of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, D. C. : 200 plants from Guate-
mala (64988).
JOHNSON, Ralph Cross, Washington,
D. C. : Landscape " Dedham Valley,"
by John Constable (1776-1837) ; also
.2 paintings " The Doctor's Visit " by
Jan Steen (1636-89), and " Christ in
the Temple " by G. B. Tiepolo (1696-
1770) (64940, loan).
JONES, E. E., Miami, Ariz.: Beetle,

Dynaatcs granti Horn (640-56).
JONES, Fra>-cis C, New York City
(through the Government Loan Or-
ganization, New York City) : 2
paintings by the donor entitled
" Trail of the Hun " and '" Home
Again "(65146).
JONES, H. Bolton, New York City
(through the Government Loan Or-
ganization, New York City) : Paint-
ings by the donor entitled " The Fin-
ger of the Hun" and '-Wheal for
the Allies "(6-5145).
JONES, J. Ira, Jackson, Tenn. : Speci-
men of fossil wood from Jackson,
Tennessee ((W033).

JONES, Stockton W., Silver Spring,
JId. : 4 mosaics brought from Italy
about 1872 (04602).

JONES, Hon. W. L. (See under Sen-
ate of the United States, Committee
on Commerce.)

JORDAN, Dr. David Stark (See under
Leland Stanford Junior University).

JORGENSEN, Pedro, Botanical (inr-
dens, Asuncion, Paraguay: KX) but-
terflies from Argentina (65111).

168

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1020.

JOYNER, n. W., jr., Denniston, Ya. :
A fossil tooth of a horse from south-
ern Halifax County, Yirginia
(C>4745).

JUDD, Neil M., U. S. National Mu-
seum : A chert blade founO in Cot-
tonwood Canyon, Kane County.
Utah (63815).

JUNIOR OFFICERS CLUB, New Yorli
City (through John F. Parker, Di-
rector) : A painting by John F.
Parker entitled " Zero Hour "
(64373).

KAHN, A. R., Laredo, Tex. : Piece of
a nest from southern Mexico made
by white ants (G4.'537).

KANN, Mrs. Simon, Washington, D. C.

• (through Simon Fleishman) : Illu-
minated manuscript of a Jewish
Mizrah, framed (G4944).

KEBLER, Dr. Lyman F. (See uniter
United States Pharmacopoeial Con-
vention, Incorporated ) .

KELLERS, Lieutenant H. C., Head-
quarters 13th Naval District, Brem-
erton, Wash. : 20 garter-snakes, 3
lizards, 2 salamanders and 3 toads
from Gorse Creek, Kitsap County,
Washington (04685).

KVAA.OGG, Rkmington, Washington,
D. C. : 21 land mollusks from Is-sur-
Tille, France (64064).

KENNEDY, C. H., Ohio State Uni-
versity, Columbus, Ohio: 2 dragon-
flies, 1 a (male) holotype, and the
other a (female) paratype (64576) ;
2 dragonflies from California
( 64084 ) . ( See also under Ohio State
University, Department of Zoology
and Entomology.)

KENT, T. W., Smithsonia, Ala.:
Quartzite pestle plowed up in a field
near Smithsonia (64047).

KENT, Hon. AVilliam, U. S. Tariff
Commission, Washington, D. C. : A
collection of Paiuto and Bannock
crania and bones (64504).
KEPNER, Mrs. Ina B., Washington,
D. C. : Navaho tufted blanket from
Keanies Canyon, Arizona ((M811).

KIEFER, L. A., Indianapolis, lud. :
Plaster cast of a drilled boat-shaped
amulet and of an undrillcd amulet,
tbe originals of which were found
in Ohio (64557).

KILLIP, Ellsworth P., U. S. National
Mu.seum: 30 plants from the Canal
Zone ; 141 plants from Jamaica, and
S'J plants from New York State
(63809, 64092, 65033).

KIMBALL, Miss K. D. (See under
R. R. Stewart.)

KING, Paul, Philadelphia, Pa.
(through the Government Loan Or-
ganization, New York City) ; Por-
trait in oil by the donor of Major
General Hugh L. Scott, U. S. Army
(65131).

KIRK, Captain B. C, Belle Haven,
Beaufort County, N. C. : 2 mounted
hybrids between the mallard and
muscovy ducks (64827).

KIRTLEY, Dr. C. L., Challis, Idaho:
A specimen of the mineral ptilolite
from near Challis, Idaho (64285).

KISER, Edwin D. (through Depart-
ment of State, Washington, D. C.) :
3 teeth and ear bones of a sperm
whale from Chile (64244).

KLINE, Miss Cathleen Cassel. (See
undt?r Gen. Jacob Kline, U. S. Army,
and Mrs. Thomas F. Dwyer.)

KLINE, Gen. Jacob, U. S. Army,
(through Mrs. Thomas F. Dwyer
and Miss Cathleen Cassel Kline,
AVashington, D. C.) : Collection illus-
trating the arts and industries of
the Philippines (64922).

KLOSS, C. BoDEN, Fetlerated Malay
States Museums, Kuala Lumpur, and
Dr. William L. ABBOTT, Phila<1el-
phia. Pa.: 6 bird skins from Siam
(64226).

KN.'^iB, Frederick (through A. N.
Caudell, executor, Washington, D.
C.) : 20,000 specimens of Coleopfera
and Diptera (64991, bequest).

KNAB, Frederick, ESTATE OF
(through A. N. Caudell, executor,
Washington, D. C.) : 26 Silurian
trilobites (63918).

KNIT FABRICS COMPANY, Allen-
town, Pa. (through C. H. Guggen-
heimer, New York City) : 4 samples
of worsted and wool jersey clotb
(64993).

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

169

KNOWLES, W. A., V. S. National
Museum : 2 silver ]iulitai\v medals
of the. type awarded by the Austrian
(Government for service during the
World AVar, 1914-lOlS (G4331).

KNOAVLTON, Dr. F. H. (See under
C. F. Bowen.)

KNOX, James. Brooklyn, X. Y.
(through the Government Loan Or-
ganization, New York City) : Paint-
ing by the donor entitled " First
Attack of the Tanks" (Or>130).

KRYGER. I. C. Roseuvej, Gentofte,
Denmark : 10 rare beetle larvae,
Byiurus tomcntosiis (64738).

KUALA LUMPUR, Federated T^Ialay
States, FEDERATED MALAY
STATES MUSEUMS : Skin of a fly-
catcher, Rhinomyias tardus, from the
Malay Peninsula (64524, exchange).

KITWANA, Prof. S. I., Imperial Plant
Quararitine Station, Y'okohama,
Japan: Adults and early stages of 5
species of grain-infesting moths of
Japan (64132).

LACEY, HowAiiD, Kerrville, Tex.: 30
plants from Texas (63951).

LANEY, Dr. F, B., U. S. Geological
Survey, Washington, D. C. : A speci-
men of native antimony from Kern
County, California, and a sample of
mine water from Lucania Tunnel,
Idaho Springs, Colorado (63901).

1>ARKIX, :\Irs. John D., Buffalo, X. Y.
(through Mrs. Julian- James) : Lace
fichu, lace handkerchief, and a

cameo-cut glass lireastpin with gold
backing (64329, loan).

LaWALL, Charlks H.. Piiiladelphia,
Pa. : A cross section of old cedar
water pipe (64822).

LEA, Jamks E., jr., Washington, D. C. :
Sword cane used during the early
part of the nineteenth century by
Captain Zacariali Lea, Mississippi
Militia, AVar of 1812 (64411).

LEAR, Charles B., Balboa, Canal
Zone : Echinoderm, Encopc micro-
pora, from the beach at the Pacific
entrance of the Panama Canal
(64591).

LEE, Miss Elizareth C, Baltimore,
]\Id. : 4 ^"(lian baskets, a string of
glasi^-and-sliell beads, an iron spear-
head and a Turkish .scarf (65114).

LEE. O. Ivan, Jersey City, N. J.
(through Dr. Edgar T. Wherry):
A crystal of manganotantalite from
Amelia, Virginia, described by Lee
and Wherry, and samples of pyrrho-
tite from the Irisli Creek tin mine,
Virginia (64276).

LEHMAN. Kakle, Edwards, Miss. : An
adult female specimen of Paragor-
(lius r(iriii.<<, a pai'asite in crickets
(64013).

LELAXD STAXFORD' JUXIOR UNI-
VERSITY, Stanford University,
Calif, (through Dr. David Starr
Jordan) : 3 slabs containing speci-
mens of the fossil herring, Xyne
f/rex (64580).

LEXMAX, Miss Isobel H., Washing-
ton, D. C. : An Apache arrow basket,
2 Navaho baskets, and 12 Iroquois
ceremonial masks (64924, loan),

LETCHER, J. R. (See under Utah
State Historical Society),

LICHTEXAUER, J. Mortimer, New
Y'ork City (through the Government
Loan Organization, New York City) :
I'ortrait of Brig. Gen. Palmer E.
Pierce, and a painting entitled
"America to the Fray" (65149).

LIEGE, BELGIUM, UNIVERSITY
OF LIEGE (through Prof. Dr.
Charles Fraipont) : A human skull
of the Neolithic period, from Bel-
gium (65116, exchange).

LILLY AND COMPANY, Eli, In-
dianapolis, Ind. : 6 official prepara-
tions of caseara sagi-ada (64964).

LINCOLN MOTOR COMPANY, De-
troit, Mich. : 12 Cylinder Liberty
aeroplane motor, built to disclose in-
terior parts in operative relatioa
(64440).

LINDMAN, Dr. Caul A. M. (See un-
der Stockholm, Sweden, Riksmu-
seets, Botaniske Avdelning, Veteu-
skapsakademien, )

LODGE, Mrs. George, Washington, D.
C. : Glass vase of Phenician or Cyp-
rian origin found in Greece (64937),

170

EEPOET OF XATIOX.\X, MUSEUM, ir>20.

LODIXG, Dr. H. P., Mobile, Ala.:
8ualvO, ntuophis, from 14 miles
southwest of Mobile (G41T0).

LONDON, ENGLAND, BRITISH MU-
SEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) : 77
recent bryozoans, 75 species, includ-
ing 9 types (64313, exchange) ;
(through Mr. F. W. Edwards) 14
mosquitoes from England (647,")S) ;
3 crustaceans representing the spe-
cies UrocarideUa oraciUs, from Port
Blair, Andaman Islands (G4772, ex-
change) ; (through Sir C. Hercules
Read) 37 prehistoric stone imple-
ments from India (64S59) ; samples
of 3 meteoric stones, Appley Bridge,
Mornans and Ogl (64890, exchange).

LONG, Mrs. D. Gkigsby (See under
Miss Bertha Cohen).

LONG, Dr. Frances, Alpine Labora-
tory, Manitou, Col. ; 2 wasps, Ectem-
nins montamis (male) and Oxi/-
I)chis, species (G4558).

LONGMAN, Heber A. ( See under Bris-
bane, Queensland, Australia. Queens-
land Museum).

LOOKER, John C, Dallas, Pa.: A
fossil plant, Annularis sphenopliyl-
loidcs, from near Big Heart, Okla-
homa (64174).

LOOMIS, H. F., Bureau of Plant In-
dustry, U. S. Department of Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C. : 564 in-
sects, mostly beetles, from China
(64803).

LOOMIS, Miss Martha L., Sherborn,
Mass. : 7 plants from IMassachusetts
(63864).

LOUISIANA STATE MUSEUM, THE.
New Orleans, La. (through Percy
Viosca, jr.) : Marine planarian and
2 sea anemones from Sarffassuiii
oft Louisiana (64632).

LOVERIDGE, Colonel Artht-k, St.
Helena. Clevedon, Somerset, Eng-
land: 76 lizards and 32 snakes
(64942).

LOWE, Miss Edith Blinston, Wash-
ington, D. C. : 13 pieces of English
porcelain, early Spode, dragon de-
sign in sanguine and yellow with
gilt (64488, loan).

LOWE, Herbert N., Long Beach.
Calif.: 14 mollusks, 2 species, in-
cluding types of 2 new subspecies,
from Point Reyes, California
(64410) ; 6 laud shells from Califor-"
nia representing 2 species (64721) ;
3 Philippine land shells, 2 .species,
representing 2 new subspecies
(64820).

LUCAS, F. R., Washington, D. C. : A
one-eared wilil rablnt from Virginia
(64.351).

LUDWIG, C. A., Auburn, Ala.: Lizard,
Sccloponts vndiilatns (64261).

LYON, Dr. M. W., jr.. South Bend,
Ind. : 110 bird skins and a collection
of 716 plants from the United States
(6.3977) ; 10 birds, 264 eggs, and 13
nests, from the United States
(64191) ; skin and .skull of a bat
(64834).

MCALLISTER, IMrs. .1. S., Washing-
ton, D. C. : A small collection of
minerals (64435).

McANDREW. FuAXK .!., Nogales,
Ariz.: Specimen of (lolveria fiari/tt-
mcUa (64188).

McASHON, Sergeant J. E., Herndon,
A'a. : Purple finch, Carpodacus piir-
piirciis, from Virginia (64907).

McATEE, W. L., Bureau of Biological
Survey, U. S. Department of Agri-
culture, Washington. D. C. : 31
plants from the District of Columbia
and vicinity (64.322) ; 15 plants from
Indiana (64511) ; 45 plants from the
District of Columbia and vicinity,
collected by W. L. McAtee, F, l\
Fletcher, and others (64662).

MtBRIDE, C. H.. Washington, D. C. :
Collection of Civil War envelopes
decorated in colors with patriotic
designs and cartoons (292 speci-
mens) (64743).

Mc'C.U.MONT, Harry L., AN'ashington,
D. C. : 1 Boehme System flute and 1
Oboe or Hautboi, used in the present
day bands and orche.stras (65117).

McCarthy. Tim C, Wickes. Mont.:
A sample of gray sulphide of lead
and bismuth (64193).

LIST or ACCESSIONS.

171

McCLELLAN, Hon. Geokge B.. ITiuce-
ton TJiiiTersity, rriuceton, N. J.; 2
gold watdies owned by Major Gen-
oral George B. McClellan, U. S. Army
(G43S6).

:McCOLU W. TL, Owen Sound, Onta-
rio, Canada : 39 plants from Canada
(64401, exciange) ; 5 plants, Stachi/s
lanaia (64462).

McDANIEL, Miss ErcEXiA, East Lan-
sing, Mich. : 5 flies ScatelJa lurjcns of
the family Ephydridae (64G2T).

McFARLA^'D, Prof. Fka.nk T., Uni-
A-ersity of KentTicky, Lexington, Ky. :
Plant, Marsilea, from Kentucky
(64896).

McGAURT, Ambeose, Salt Lake City,
Utah: Archeological objects found
in mounds at Beaver City, Utah (23
specimens) (63816).

McKENXEY, Dr. R. E. B., Cosmos
Club, Washington, D. C. ; Salaman-
der and 3 frogs collected April 22,
1918, at Blois, Loire et Cher, France,
bS" the donor and .L L. Chapin
(64664).

McKESSON AND ROBBINS, New
York City : 7 oflicial pharmaceutical
preparations obtained from the ani-
mal kingdom (64762).

McLACHLAN, Hon. R. W., Montreal,
Canada: 2 Canadian one cent pieces
issued in 1920 (64655, 65103).

McMASTER, Geoege, Anchorage,
Alaska: Skull of a bear from
Alaska (647.56).

MADDREN, A. G., Care, U. S. Geo-
logical Survey, Washington, D. C. : 7
fi-eshwater mollusks collected at
Carramanclie Creek, Texas ((>4974).

:\r.\T>LlNSON AND COMPANY, In-
corporated, H. R., New York City : 7
samples of plain and printed silk
fabrics, and 3 samples of silk knit-
ted fabrics, and 1 each of printed
crepe and hand-block printed voile
(63914,648.58).
MANDEL, W. L-, Ciego de Avila.
Camaguey, Cuba: A.sbesto.s from
Cuba (G4S76).

:MANN, Dr. William M., U. S. De-
partment of Agricidture, AVashing-
tou, D. C. : 11 .specimens, 5 species,
of Brazilian cassidids (63891) ; type
of CycJirus manni (64034) ; nema-
tode, Ascaridia perspicillum, taken
from a hen's egg (04067) ; treetoad.
Eluiherodactijhis ricordii, and a
lizard, Sphacriodactyhis decoratua,
from llie Bahamas (642-50) ; 12
terrestrial isopods, 4 species, and 2
land shells collected in the Bahamas
in 1919 ; 5 Cuban land shells, and 1
terrestrial isopod from Abyssinia, all
collected by the donor (G428G) type
of the parasitic fly, Microdon ncic-
cotneri (643G3) ; 5 specimens of bas-
ket weave illustrating the manu-
facture of arm bands, from Rubiana
Lagoon, New Georgia, British Solo-
mon Islands (64425) ; birds, reptiles,
crustaceans, mollusks and Pciipatus
collecteil by the donor in Honduras
(64912).

aiANNING, Isaac A., President,
American Cbamber of Commerce of
Colombia, Barranquilla, Colombia,
South America : Photograph of an-
cient Colombian Indian gold orna-
ments (63983).

MANSFIELD, Mr. and :Mrs. W. C,
Washington, D. C. : 30 mollusks col-
lected on the shore of Lake Ontario,
Crescent Beach, New York (04084).

:\IARLBOROrGH, THE DUCHESS
OF, AND AMERICAN WOMEN
LIVING IN THE UNITED KING-
DOM (through the Department of
State, Washington, D. C.) : A statue
in white marble by Francis Derwent
Wood, R. A., 1915 "of William Pitt,
Earl of Chatham, ilie British chiun-
pion of American Liberty, presented
by American W(»men living in the
United Kingdnni as a memorial of
the hundred years peace between the
two kindred nations and as an ex-
pression of their love for the land of
their ]»irth, and the land of their
adoption, 181.5-1915." (Inscribed
marble pedestal) (64779).

172

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1!>20.

MARRIOTT, CKITTE^'DE^^ Washington,
D. C. : Typewritten announcement of
the conchision of the arniistioe be-
tween the Allies and the Germans,
Issued by the Mayor of Nancy,
France, November 11, 1918 (C4223).

MARSH, Feed Dana, Cove Guard,
Sakonnet, R. I. (through the Gov-
ernment Loan Organization, New
York City) : Painting by the donor
entitled " Over the Rhine to Vic-
tory " (65129).

MARSHALL, E. B., Laurel, :Md. :
• Skulls of 2 opossums, />/(/(7/;/;/.s',
skulls of 25 muskrats, Ondatra, skull
of a skunk. Mephitis, and skull of a
mole, Scalopus (03812) ; skins and
skulls of 3 rodents and the skulls of
2 marsupials (G449G) ; specimen of
crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos, and
skin and skull of a weasel from
Maryland (G4740, 64755).

MARSHALL, Geokge B., U. S. Na-
tional IMuseum : Specimen of hickory
sliad, Pomolohiia iiiediocris, collected
at Benedict, Maryland, August 19,
1919 (63933) ; grass snake, from
Laurel, Maryland (64399) ; skull of
a bear, Vrsiin americaniis (64570).

MARTIN, .loHN A., Maricopa, Calif.:
Specimens of bentonite (64007).

ISIARTIN, Dr. Lyman A.,- Bingham-
ton, N. Y. (through American Insti-
tute of Homeopathy, Chicago, 111.) :
Copy of the Transactions of the
American Institute of Homeopathy,
Volume 1 (64807).

MARTINEK, Ikwin O., Li.sle, 111.: 259
plants, chiefly from Illinois (64273).

]\IARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SUR-
REY, Baltimore, Md. : 78 type and
other veit^brate fossils (64.535, de-
posit).

JIATSUMOTO, T., Harvard Univer-
siry, Cambridge, Mass. : 2 specimens
of piedmontite schist from Japan
(64865).

]MATTIH:WS, E. H., Largs, South Aus-
tralia • 4 siK^cies of ntollusks, Steno-
chitOH, and 1 photograph from South
Australia (64792).

MATTHEWS, Ransom, Selma, Calif.:
A collection of automobile and motor-
cycle spark i>lugs and tire vulcan-
Izers (64963, loan).

MATTINGLY, Clinton L., Washing-
ton, D. C. : German canteen and
metal number plate from German
r;iilroad car captured by American
Expeditionary Forces during the
World AVar, 1918 (6.5028).

:MAX0\, William R., U. S. National
Museum : Cactus, Opuntia, from
Anne Arundel County, Maryland
(63804).

MAY, E., Rio tie .Janeiro, Brazil: 30
rare nwths (6.5101).

IMAY, (.'olonel Heney, Washington, D.
C. : Adams revolver, 1851, Spanish
Mauser, 1891, and Spanish Carbine,
1891 (63829).

MAYOR, Dr. Alfkeo G., Princeton, N.
.1. : 12 land mollusks, 3 species, from
Tobago, British West Indies (64674).

IMAYNARD. Ernest A., .Jamaica, N.
Y. : Specimen of datolite from West-
field, Massachusetts (64202, ex-
change).

]\IEARNS, estate of Dr. E. A. (through
Dr. C. W. Richmond, U. S. National
Museum) : Collotype and a chromo-
lithograph (6.5104).

MBLANDER, Prof. A. L., Pullman,
Wash. : 15 sciomyzid flies, compris-
ing paratypes of 4 new .species and
1 new genus, with 2 additional
named species not preAiously repre-
sented • in the Museum collection
(64230) : 3 flies, Cooiosia orrc/oucn-
sis (64517).

MERCK AND COMPANY, New York
City : Specimen of No.. 40 Nux Vomi-
ca powder (64.366).

MERRIAM, Dr. C. Hart, AVaslungton,
D. C. : Cross section of a trunk of a
California lilac, Vcanottiiis thyrsi-
flonis (64981).

IMERRICK, Roland, Randlett, Okla. :
Tiger salamander, Ainhyntoma
tUjrinum, from Randlett (64026).

MERTON, Mrs. .James, Chevy Cha.se,
D. C. : About 75 minerals (64267).

:\IESTAYER, R. L., Wellington, New
Zealand: 4000 foraminifera, 6 slides,
from the east coast of New Zealand
(65004).

LIST OF ACCESSIOXS.

173

MKTK<ll'OLITAN MUSEUM OF ART,
Ne\^ York City : Gold medals and
other awards presented to Cyrus W.
Field in recognition of his services
in connection with the laying of the
Atlantic Cable; also oil paintings
and water color sketches Illustrating
the progress of the work (94 speci-
mens) (<>4701, loan).

MEXICO, Mexico, DIRECCION DE
ESTUDIOS BIOLOGICOS : Plant
from Mexico ( 64552 ) .

MICILVEL, S. G., Engle, W. Va. : 4
lesser scaup ducks, Marila afflnls,
from West Virginia (64312).

MICHEL AND KRIEGER, New York
City: 7 samples of artificial silk
knitted fabrics " Tricolette "
(64872).

MICHIGAN. UNIVERSITY OF, MU-
SEUM OF ZOOLOGY, Ann Arbor,
•Mich, (through Mr. F. M. Gaige,
curator) : 37 Odonata including 18
species collected by Mr. Gai'ge in
Davis Mountains, Texas, Fort Davis
quadrangle (63920) ; 4 mollusks,
ffrcohelix idaliornsis haiUjii, from
Snake River Canyon, Idaho (64785).

MIDDLETON, Clifford L., New York
City (through Stanley G. Middle-
ton) : Portrait in oil of the late Hon-
orable Andrew D. White by Stanley
Grant Middleton, 1914 (64760).

MII)r>LETON, William, East Falls
Clmrch, Va. : 7609 land shells. 7 spe-
cies, from East Falls Church (64046,
64120).

MIELATZ, Ch.^rles F. W., New York
City ( through the Government Loan
Organization, New York City) :
rainting by tlie donor entitled "The
Battle Fleet" (65165).

MIGEL, J. A., Incorporated, New York
City : A sample of novelty sport silk
" 1920 Fan-Ta-Si " (64199).

MILLER, Mrs. Florence, Vv'ashington,
D. C. : Dress sword with scabbard,
presented to Lieutenant Colonel
.lames S. Crall, S2nd Ohio Infantry,
by the non-commi.ssioned officers and
privates of his regiment in recogni-
tion of his services durhig the Civil
War (64204).

MILLER, Lewis T., Brookland Sta-
tion. D. C (through Smithsonian
Institution, National Zoological
I'ark) : Specimen of Holboell's grebe,
Colijuihus holhoeUi, from Maryland
(64593).

MILLIKEN, F. B., Dallas, Tex.: Col-
lection of Kansas Meloidae (blister
beetles), consisting of 108 adults,
and 7 slides of triungulins and 28
slides of various insects, mostly im-
mature stages, of reared Hemiptera
(64400).

:MILLS. Prof. AV. C. (See under H. A.
Buerhaus.)

:^IILAVAUKEE, PUBLIC MUSEUM
OF THE CITY OF, Milwaukee,
AA'isc. : 2 pieces of the Colby, Clark
County, Wisconsin, meteoric stone,
weighing 1686 and 1956 grams
(65076).

MINER, Leo D., Chevy Chase, Md. :
Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus amer-
icaniis, from Maryland (64091).

MINGUS, Dr. Everett, Marshfield,
Oreg. : Samples of carbonized wood
from near the Cape Arago Liglit-
house, Coos County, Oregon (63979).

MITCHELL, Dr. J. D., Victoria, Tex.
(through Bureau of Biological Sur-
vey, U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture, AVashington, D. C.) : Box tur-
tle, Tenapcne major, from Texas
(64308).

MIYA.TIMA. Dr. :\I., Tokyo, Japan: 11
mollusks, Katayama nosophora in-
termediate host of Japanese Schis-
tosomum and food of glow worm
Luciohi (64045).

MIZE, T. M., Scunthorpe, Lincoln,
England : Textiles and other prehis-
toric objects from Chile. .South
America (.55 specimens) (64.509,
loan ) .

MOLBYDENUM MINES COMPANY,
THE, Denver, Col. (throuerh Mr. F.
L. He.ss) : Molybdite from mines in
Chalfee County, Colora^lo (64717).

MOORE, Dr. A. F., Calama, Chile:
Plant from the vicinity of Calama,
Chile (64370).

MOORE, Dr. A. F., and L. H. ABBOT,
Calama, Chile : 3 plants and 7 plio-
tographs (64835).

174

REPORT OF XATIOXiVL MUSEUM, lf>20.

MOORE, Coiumaudaut J. M., U. S.
Coast Guard (See uuder Mrs. A. T.
Eddy).

MOORHEAD. Mrs. Kate Up-shui;,
AN'ashiugtOD, D. C. : A .small worsted
bag knit by the venerable Mrs. Alex-
ander Hamilton for INIiss Martha
Curtis Williams, Arlington House
(Mansion), Virginia, November 18,
1853 (G3976, loan).

MORE, Mrs. J. D., Houston, Tex.:
2 cacti from Texas (641.59).

MORGAN, Aktiiuk E., Dayton, Ohio:
Tlio largest known complete Ameri-
can trilobite, Isotelus hrachycepM-
liis (type) from G miles northeast of
Dayton, Ohio (G4201).

MORGAN, Miss Mattik Beth, Col-
lege of Industrial Arts, Denton,
Tex.: 2 plants (64722).

MORRIS, H. P., Richmond, Va. : 10
birds and 114 eggs from various lo-
calities (64228).

MORRISS, F. E., Tampa, Fla. : 2 pho-
tographs showing respectively. Cap-
tain H. W. Lawton, U. S. Army, and
his Company after their capture of
Geronirco and his band; and Gero-
ninio and his band after their cap-
ture in 1886 (63860).

MOSIER, Charles A., Homestead,
Fla.: 2 katydids, 2 species (64362).

MOSC>NYI, Emilio, San Salvador, Cen-
tral America : Jade ornament, 2
colts of black nephrite and a terra
cotta, button-like ornament, all from
San Salvador, Central America
(64173).

jMOTTER, Dr. Muueay Galt, Wash-
ington, D. C. : 6 ofRcial publications
bearing on the history of the U. S.
riiarmacopoeia (64908) ; records of
tb<> Board of Trustees of the U. S.
Pliarmacopoeial Convention of 1910
and Committee on Credentials;
Stenographer's Report of the Pro-
ceedings of the U. S. Pharmacopoeial
Convention of 1900 (6.j120K

MUESCHEN, C. A., St. Vincent Home,
Quincy, 111. : 6 moths, 6 specie.s, from
IlUnois (64341).
MijLLER, .lUAX, Mexico, Jlexico : 141
miscellaneous Diptera (64712).

MULLER, RoBEKTO, Mexico. Mexico:
26 Odonata including 21 species, and
12 miscellaneous Neuroptera (63925).

MURPHY, H. C, jr., Greenwicli,
Conn, (through the Government
Loan Organization, New York City) :
I'ainting i)y the donor entitled " The
27tli Division Breaking the Hinden-
burg Line" (6.j128).

ISHUIPHY, Robert Cushman (See un-
der Brooklyn Museum, The).

:\[USEU PAULISTA (See under Sao
Paulo, Brazil).

:museu.m d'histoire natu-

RELLE, I'aris, France : Specimen of
cactus (64384, exchange).

:\IUSEU-M OI' the AMERICAN IN-
DIAN, HEYE FOUNDATION, New-
York City: Plaster cast of a stone
pipe found in a cemetery at Burro
Hill, Warren, Rhode Island, the
original belonging to tlie Mu.seum of
the American Indian (64292) ; skele-
tal material collected by Mr. F. AV.
Hodge during the summer of 1919 at
Zuui, New Mexico (ancient pueblo
ofHawikidi) (64296).

]MYER, Miss Vior.A Waldex (through
the American Security and Trust
Company, executor, Washington.
D. C.) : An oil portrait by Mr.
George P. A. Healy, of General AI-
Ijert .1. :Myer, First Chief Signal
Officer of tl>e United States Army
and founder of the United States
Weatlier Bureau (6444."), l^equest).

MYER,' W. E., Tennes.see Academy of
Science, Carthage, Tenn. : Crania
and other bones from Castalian
Springs, Tennes.see, and crania from
Wayne and Smith Counties, Ken-
tucky (G4107) ; skeletal material
from mounds and Indian graves in
north central Tennes.see, including
skulls from Kentucky (64108).

MYERS, Charles A., jr., New York
City (through Dodge and Olcott
Co.) : Model of composite type .still
(04817).

MYERS. George Hewitt, Washington,
D. C. : 2 Attn grass baskets (6.3877,
loan).

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

175

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN,
New York City. ( See under Ranger
Fund, Henry Ward.)

NATIONAL AIMERICAN WOilAN
SUFFRAC4E ASSOCIATION
(through :Mrs. Helen H. Gardener,
Washington, D. C.) : Torti-ait of
Susan B. Anthony ( 1820-1 OOG), per-
sonal relies of her and miscella-
neous objects illustrating the his-
tory of the movement for woman
suffrage in the United States, 1848-
1919 (4G specimens) (64601).

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL.
Washington, D. C. : A sample of
celadonite from France, and 2 speci-
mens of cannel coal, mined by the
Riverside Coal Mining Company,
Pearson, Kentucky (63962, transfer).

NATIONAL WAR GARDEN COM-
anSSION, Washington, D. C.
(through the Commission of Presen-
tation. :Myron T. Merrick, Chairman,
.John Hays Hannnond, and .John
Greer Hibben) : Bronze medal
symbolizing the war service of the
home gardens of America, 1914-
1919 (2 copies) (63819, tran.sfer).

NAVY DEPARTMENT :

Bureau of Ordnance: Fi-agment of
one of the high explosive pro-
jectiles fired by a German sub-
marine at an American tug-boat
off the coast of Massachusetts,
.Tuly 21, 1918 (64143).

Bureau of Steam En(jlneeri>\(j: Air-
craft radio apparatus of the
type ;ised in the United States
Navy during the War with Ger-
many, 1917-1918 (63901).

NEHRLING, H., Gotha. Fla. : 4 plants
from Florida (63807).

NEIRA, J. F., Arequipa, Peru: 2
photographs of gold ornaments in
the collection of the donor, of Inca
and pre-Inca origin from the region
of Tiahuanacu, Peru (64.3S.J).

NEW JERSEY DEPARTilENT OF
AGRICULTURi; Trenton, N. .1. : 8

vials of named alcoholic material
(64467).

NEAVTON, Maiilon W., Philadelphia,
Pa.: Lobster, Ilomarus americanus,
c-aught S miles oft" the coast of At-
lantic City, which weighed when
alive 34 pounds (64510).

NEWTON, Paeker, New York City
(through the Government Loan Or-
ganization, New York City) : Paint-
ing Ijy the donor entitled " Victory
Fleet in the North River" (65164).

NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN,
Bronx Park, New York City
(through Dr. N. L. Britton, Di-
rector) : 1781 plants collected in
Colombia by Dr. F. W. Pennell
(63S35) ; plant from the West In-
dies, also 5 ferns (638.58, 6.5868) ;
292 algae, chiefly marine specimens,
from the West Indies (65080) : 66
jjlaiits from the Virgin Islands
(6.3872) : 22 plants from Colombia
and the western United States; also
29 mosses, chiefly from the western
United States (63980. 64-575) ; 15
plants, chiefly Cactaceae (64073) ;
79 mosses, chiefly from New Yurk
State (64079) ; 5 plants from Florida
(04661) ; 86 plants from the United
States (64904) ; plant from Trinidad
(64936) : plant, Salvinia, from Trini-
dad (64957) ; 12 plants and 3 photo-
gi-aphs (65031). Exchange.

NEAA' YORK STATE COLLEGE OF
FORESTRY, SYRACUSE UNIVER-
SITY, Syracuse, N. Y. (through
Prof. H. P. Brown) : 12 shrubs from
New York State (64468. exchange) ;
22 specimens of forest products
.showing the close utilization of wood
waste, mounted on a panel (64766).

NEAV YORK STATE IMUSEUM, Al-
bany, N. Y. (tlirough Dr. Homer D.
House) : Fern from New Y'ork
(640S7, exchange) : 100 plants from
New York (64694, exchange)*; 269
plants from Palestine (64790).

NEW ZEALAND, GOVERNMENT OF
(through Department of State, and
War Department. Historical Branch
of the General Staff) : Uniform, hat,
shoes, i)uttees, hat bands, and cloth
aiul metal insignia, of the type worn
by the New Zealand Expeditionary
Forces during the European A\'ar,
1914-1918 (161 specimens) (6411S).

17G

EEPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, lf>20.

ls:iCHOLS, HoiJAKT, Bronxville, N. Y.
(tbrongli the Government Loan Or-
ganization) : Oil painting I)y the
donor entitled " Eddie llieken-
backer's 25th" (G4350).

NICHOLSON, G. J. Guthkie (See un-
der Lt. Col. Duncan Elliot).

NIEMETZ, v., Care Viteni Vojtisek,
Krejci, Yiciu, Czechoslvakia : Rus-
sian paper currency of the type used
during the World War, 1914-1918
(](5 specimens) (G4SGG).

NOIiMAN, J. H., Bradentown, Fla. :
Specimen of basket-fish, Astrophij-
tum viuricatum, collected from off
Cortez, Florida (G4012).

NORTH CAROLINA, STATE DE-
PARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
Division of Entomology, Raleigh,
N. C. (through ]\Ir. C. S. Brimley) :
9 flies (64562) ; 7 Hies, tachinids
(64711).

NORTH DAKOTA AGRICULTURAL
COLTvEGE, Agricultural College, N.
Dak. : 14 plants from North Dakota
(64.379, 64486,64506).

NORTON, Jliss Gertrude, Salt Lake
City, Utah : 14 ferns from Utah and
Montana (64289).

NORTON, Harvard N., Royal Oak,
]\lifh. : Salamander, Amhystoma jcf-
fcvfoniaiivm, from near Poutiac,
Michigan (64123).

OAKLEY, Thornton, Philadelphia,
I'a. ( through the Government Loan
Organization, New York City) : 2
paintings by the donor entitled
" Luunclung of the Quistconck " and
"The Cannon Maker" (6.5127).

OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, Depart-
ment of Zoology and Entomology,
Columbus, Ohio (through C. H. Ken-
netly) : Dragonfly, rhilosina buchi,
from the Pi'ovince of Fokien, China,
1917 (64849).

ORCUTT, C. R., La .lolia, Calif.: 6
uioUusks, Haliotis crachcrodii, vari-
ety from San Nicolas Island, Cali-
fornia (64475) ; 7 plants (64844,
650.32).

OREGON AGRICULTURAL COL-
LEGE, Corvallis, Oreg. : 5 plants
from Oregon (63793, 63802). Ex-
change.

O'REILLY, M. M. (See under Hon.
R. W. McLachlan).

ORIANI, Thomas, Washington, D. C.
Silver medal commemorating the
laying of the corner stone of the
Capitol, 1793 (64644, loan).

OSHIMA, Prof. M. (See under Insti-
tute of Science, Government of For-
mosa ) .

OVER, Frank, jr., Charles Town, W.
Va. : Milk snake from Charles Town,
AV. Virginia (65090).

OWEN, Prof. E. T.. Madison, Wise:
800 moths from California and Ari-
zona (6.5097).

PACIFIC -FUNERALS AND CHEMI-
CAL COMPANY, Glendale, Calif. ^ 2
specimens of talc (64921).

I'ADDOCK, WiLLARD D., Nev.- York
City (through the Government Loan
Organization, New York City) : A
plaque in plaster by the donor en-
titled "They Shall Not Pass"
(64.349).

PAIGE, Sidney, U. S. Geological Sur-
vey, Washington, D. C. : (through
Dr. C. Wythe Cooke) : 22 inverte-
brate fossils from Colombia, South
America (639.36).

PALERMO, Antonio, Washington, D.
C. : Cleaver-like short weapon, from
North Africa (64786).

PALMER, William, U. S. National
Museum : Crab from Chesapeake
Beach, Maryland, and 8 cling lishes,
GoMcsox? (64082) ; 2 mud turtles,
KinostcrnoH subrn'brum, from South
Chesapeake Beach, M a r y 1 a n d,
(64274) ; Pine mouse, king-snake,
Lampropcltis rhomhomaculatus, and
a starling, St ii runs vulgaris, all from
Virginia (64163, 64605, 64794) ;
young barn owl, Tijto pratincoUi,
from Washington, D. C. (64(324).

PARISH, S. B., San Bernardino,
Calif. : Plant, Lcssinii'ia Icmmoni,
from California (64382).

PAIHC, .T. A. BAfiDAD, Ariz. : Specimen
of moth larva of the family called
bag worm (6494S).

PARKE, DAVIS AND COMPANY,
Detroit oMich. : 116 pharmaceutical
preparations, 6 medicinal animal
products, and 1 photograph (64909).

LIST or ACCESSIONS.

177

PAHKKI^, John F., New York City:
An oil painting by the tlonor en-
titled "The Retreat of the Serbian
Army" (64374). (See also under
Junior Officers Club).

PAUIUSH C1.ARA Weavkk (Mrs.
A\'. r. 1'.), New York City (through
tlie Government Loan Organization,
New York <.'ity) : Painting liy the
donor entitled " Dei)ortatiou of the
Belgians" (65161).

PAUSHALL, DouoLAs Kwkix, Santa
Barbara, ('alii', (through the (Jov-
ernment Loan Organization, New
York City) : Painting by the donor
entitled " British Infantry at Ai-ras
Caihedral" (65126).

PARTINGTON, Mrs. F. E. (through
Mrs. Julian- James) : Apron of brown
linen made and embroidered by a
little girl in New York about 1830
(65065, loan).

PATCHETT, S. C, Gatun, Canal Zone:
no Panama butterflies (6420.9).

PATTERSON, M. L., Manager, Tha-
bawleik iMines, Mergui, Burma : Spe-
cimens of tungsten tin, magnetite,
and bismuth from Burma (04930).

PAULSEN, Dr. Ovie (See under Copen-
hagen, Denmark, Universitetets Bot-
aniske Museum),

PAXTON, E. M., Stroudsburg, Pa.:
Crepe handkerchief captured from a
Sjianish oflicer after the battle of
San Juan Hill, July 1-3, 1898
(64035).

PEARSE, Dr. A. S., University of
Wisconsin, Madison, AVisc. : 36 mi-
croscopic slide mounts of parasites of
lishes from Lake Valencia, A^ene-
zuela, and 610 crustaceans collected
and reported on by tlie donor (64536,
64621 ) .

1'1':ARY, Mrs. Robert E., AVashington,
D. C. : United States flag flown at
the North Pole by Rear Admiral
Itobert E. Peary, U. S. Navy, and
decorations of the Legion of Honor
and gold medal of Kane Lodge,
F. A. A. M., owned by him (04S60,
loan).

9525"— 20 32

PENDLf:TON, George M.. Sisson,
( 'alif. : 2 plants, Hepaticae, from
California (64474).

PENNSYLA^\NIA, AGRICULTURAL

DEPARTMENT OF, Bureau of Plant
Industry, Harrisburg, Pa.: 4 mol-
lusks, Suhulina octonu, on Draceaeiui
iiyjllsi, taken from a greenhouse at
Norwood, Pennsjdvania (64748).
PEREZ, GiLBKKT S., Lucena, Tayabas,
P. I.: 6 Philippine land shells rep-
resenting 2 species (64739) ; human
skull and 5 ethnological objects
found in a cave on Bohol Islani'l,
Phili])pine Islands (05055. exchange).

PERKINS, JoHK U., AVashington,
D. C. : A photogravure " On Nootka
Sound" by .John Andrew and Son
after the copyrighted photograph by
Edward S. Curtis (64888).

PETERS. Dr. Lindsay, Columbia. S.
C. : Skull of a Bolivian Indian
( "Ayniara" type) showing extreme
deformation (64259).

PETERSEN, H. P., AVashington, D.
C. : 5 staurolite crystals of "fairy
stones" (63S46) ; seed pearls from
I'unania ((54714).

PHELI'S. Miss Help:n AVatson, New
Yoik City (through the Government
Loan Organization, New York City) :
I'ortrait, by the donor, of Dr. Henry
Van Dyke (65125).

PHILIP, Hon. Hoffman, Legation of
the United States of America, Bo-
gota, Colombia (through Hon. Alvey
A. Adee, Department of State, AVash-
ington, D. C.) : Terra cotta figure
(part of a large vessel), excavated
some years ago from a grave of the
Chibcha Indians, near the town of
Cibaquira, north of Bogota (64297).

PHILIPl'INE ISLANDS, GOVERN-
:\IENT OF, Bureau of Science, Ma-
nila, I'. I. : 4 bats from the Philip-
j»ine Islands (64456).

I'HILLIPS ACADEiMY, Andover, Mass.

- (through Dr. O. P. Hay) : A collec-
tion of fossil invertebrates from
Cuvelown, Maryland (04.546).

178

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEU^E, l'>20.

rillLLIPS, Duncan, Washington, D.
C. : An oil painting by E. W. Hed-

ficld nil il led "Tlie Island" (6.")074).

riilLMl'S, ]•:. I'KKCY (Sec under
Soulli Afi'ii-a, Union of. I'rotoria).

PILLLNG, W. S., Pliiladelpliia, Pa.:
CultivHled tern, Polij.siichiini staiuli-
shi, I'roni I'cnnsylvania (G4;J0!3).

PIPKK. Pioi. ('. v., V. S. DopailnR-nt
of Agrii uKiiro, Washington, D. C. :
4.J plants, oliielly fragments of type
material of species of AUocunja
(e:;>80o) ; pliint, HchiyincUa, an alga,
and a specimen of hepatica, all from

■ Waslungton (03952, G4270, G4905) :
fern, Dryoptrri-s filix-iiiofi, from lirit-
ish Colnmhia (04493).

PITTIEK, 11., Caracas, Venezuela:
Snake from Caracas. Venezuela,
sliells (mollusks) and insects;
land shells, 3 species, from Guare-
nii!). Venezuela, and 324 specimens
(it Panama and Venezuela woods
collected by the donor (03928, 04112,
Or>071).

(See also under Oton Jimenez).

POxMEKOY, A. W. J.. London, Eng-
land: Zygoptera, 13 Libellulinae
from Nigeria, West Africa, and
Lil)ellulinae from Tlufigi lliver, East
Africa (0:3927).

I'U.MONA C(JLLEGE, Clare m o n t,
Calif.: (through Dr. William A. Hil-

1(111): 122 crustaceans, 38 species,
from California (04187).

POMATOWSKI, Dr. Stanislaw, War-
saw, Poland : Collection of ethnolog-
ical material principally charms and
fetiches from the Gold Tribes. East-
ern Sllieria (63909).

POOLE, Aktiuu J., U. S. National
:Musenm : 50 freshwater gastropod
mollusks collected in the Wolf River,
Shawano, AVisconsin, and 7 fresh-
water molhisks from :Mercer, Wis-
consin (04057).

POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT: 9
sets of specimen stamps, etc.. in trip-
licate (2034 specimens) received from
the Int(>rnational lUireau of the

I'OST OFFICE DEPAliT.MENT— Con.
Uuiver.sal Postal Union, Berne,
Switzerhind (038S2, 04110, G41G7,
04442. (;4()(IU, 04005, 04781, 048 1 4,
t;49:!2) ; :', sjiecimens of the 3 ceid
Uidted Slates window enveloi>e
printed in led ink on white [taper
(0:5889): postage stamps and post
cards issued by the Japanese Gov-
ei'nmeiit in commemoration of tiie
close of the Europan War, 1919 (12
specimens) (0:>S98) : Red Cross and
War Orphan stamps issued by the
]''rencli <Jovernment during the Eu-
I'opean War. 1914-1918 (24 speci-
nuMis) ((;:!9()0) : a ihre<' pfennig
Hanover i-ejirint stamit (0:!J902) ;
l'nit(>d States postage stamps as
follows: surcharged '-Shanghai.
China," and issued. 1919. 1, 2. 3.
4, 5, 0. 7, S. 9. 10, 12. 15, 20, :Ut,
50 cents and i?!., three specimens of
each (48 specimens) (03958) ; 2 .spec-
imens each of the 7^, 10 and 15
centimes postage stamps issued by
the Swiss Government in commemo-
ration of the close of the European
War, 1919 (0 specimens) (03991);
3 sheets each of 1, 2. and 3 cent or
dinary current U. S. postage stantps
lK>aring the compound perforation 11
by 10. 170 subjects to each shci't
(15:30 specimens) (G4151) ; (> sheets
of one hundred specimen stamps
each, received by the Post Oflice I'e-
parlment from the Esthoiuan pos-
tal authorities (000 siiecimwis)
<04295) ; United States three-cent
stamped envelopes overprinted two-
cent (S7 specimens) (04788).

POTTHAST, EuwAitn H.. New York
City (through the Government Loan
Organization, New York City) :
Paiiding by the donor entitled " The
Argonne " (05175) :

POWERS - WEIGHTMAX - ROSFN-
GARTEN COJIPANY. Philadelphia,
I'a. : 10 specimens of quinine prod-
ucts and 59 .specimens of inorganic
cliemicals (04502, 04054).

PRETZ. Hai:ou) W., AlhMiti.wn, Pa.:
Cultivated fern (04258).

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

179

PKIOE, IMiss Sydney, Bultiinore. Md.
(through Mrs. Juliau-James, and
:\[vs. R. G. Hoes) : An infant's dress
(if linen, lace, and hand embroidery,
and 3 infant's caps of linen, lace,
and embroidery (64330) ; child's
wearing apparel and an embroidered
linen uiglit cap (64787). Loan.

PKINCESS TEXTILE MILLS, IN-
CORrORATED, New York City:
S samples of Angora knitted fabrics
(0.")109).

I'SOTA, Fkaxk, San IMego, Calif. : 60
beetles (64519).

I'UBLIC SCHOOL, Lake Bath'ar.st,
New South Wales, Australia ; 2 sets
of Moa leg bones and a lot of shell
fragments, 1 lot of crop stones, and
11 rock specimens (63813, exchange).

PL^RINGTON, C. W., Vladivostok, Si-
beria (through IMr. F. L. Hes.s). 3
mineral specimens from Siberia
(64319)

QUEENSLAND MUSEUM (See under
Brisbane, Queensland. Australia).

QUIGLEY, Dr. R. L.. Washington,
D. C. : Specimen of a pharmaceutical
mortar made of lignum-vitae (6.39S1).

QUIN, Misses Alice, Eliza, and Em-
ily, Christiausted, St. Croix, Virgin
Islands (through Dr. T. Wayland
Vaughan) : 21 specimens of Cre-
taceous fossil Rudistae from St.
Croix (64145).

R. & S. MOLYBDENUM COMPANY,
Questa, N. Mex. (through 3Ir. F. L.
Hess) : A large specimen of molyb-
denum ore (64512).

RAi\L\LEY, Dr. Fkaxcis (Set> under
Colorado, University of).
.RANGER FUND, HENRY WARD
(through the National Academy of
Desigii, New York City) : 2 oil paint-
ings entitled " (Jrey Day " by W.
Granville-Smith, N. A., and " Even-
ing Tide. California " by William
Ritschel, N. A. (64800).

RARITAN COPPER WORKS, I'erlh
Amboy. N. .1. (tluougli .Mr. F. L.
llessl. 3 specimens of sei(>niuui and
1 of tellurium (64266).

RATHBUN, Dr. JIauy J., U, S. Na-
tional Museum: Land inollusk from
Cedar Mountain, near Intervale,
New Hampshire (64106).

READ, Sir C. Hercules (See under
London, England, British Museum
(Natural History).

READING, Miss Alice M., Washing-
ton, D. C. : 2 bunches of artificial
roses, a iiine cone mat, a cotton mat,
and a doll, made by Mrs. Alexander
Hamilton, and 2 slippers worn by
Miss Lucy Grymes (63878).

REID, Earl D., U. S. National Mw-
seum : 8 mummichog, Fundiihts Itct-
crocJitus; 3 sheepshead minnow,
Cypriiiodoit rarlegatus, and 2 toad-
fish, Opsfuui'i tail, collected at Chesa-
peake Beach, Md., August 9, 1910
(63990) ; 62 fishes, 21 shrimps, and
4 insect larvae (64017) ; 2 swell-
toadfish, Si)hcro'ulc>i iiiacniatiis, and
4 isopods with young (64081) ; cub
shark, Carchaiiiiitua hniiia, and a
head of a shark, Jlijpoprion brcvi-
rosliis, collected in the markets at
Washington, D. C, and S fishes, 7
collected from the Potomac River at
Great Falls, and 1, Tautoga oniic^,
from the market at Washington,
D. C. (64113, 64970).

REKO, Dr. Blas 1'., Oaxaca, Mexico;
183+ specimens of pl:ints from Jlexi-
co (63790. 63834. 64037, 64.395.
64.5-50) : 16 plants (cacti) and seeds
of EuphoibUi and Coussapoa (64176).

REYNE, A., Agricidtural Experiment
Station, Paramaribo. Dutch Guiana :
3 fragmentary shipworms (mol-
lusks) from pilings in Surinam
(63978) ; 3 shipworms, Teredo (Xeo-
fcrcdu) rei/iiei. representing a new
subgenus and new species from
Paramaribo (64782).

REYNOLDS, A. G., Gulfport, Fla. : 4
newts fr<.m Ozona, Florida (640.54).

RHODES, :r. P., Winlield, W. Va. :
Male beetle, Dyiwxtes iityiis, {mii)2) .

RICE, W. C, Center Lovell, .Me.
(through the Government Loan
Organization, New York T'ity) :
Painting by the donor enlitU'd '•The
Night Raiders " (65124).

180

KEPORT OF Is'ATIOXAL MUSEUM, 1U20.

^{I('HAHD^^, CtoiUiK ar., New York
City (tliruuiih the Coveriinieiit Loan
Organization, New York City) :
raintinj,' ^y the donor entitled " The
Accolatie" (05123).

KICHAUDSOX, Mrs. Chakles W.,
Wa.xliinjctou, D. C. : Native drum
from the interior of Haiti (63899) ;
(thronj-di Mrs. Julian-James) : 2 eui-
broideretl muslin eaps and a willow
cap basket of the early 19th century,
and a blue gingham umbrella of the
ISth century (G4326, loan) :

KK'HMOND, Dr. Paul, U. 8. Navy,
liriX)klyn, N. Y. : Archeologioal ma-
terial from .Santo Domingo, "West,
Indies, and Virginia, U. S. A.
(644(54).

KICKER, P. L. (See under P. W. Fat-
tig).

ItlDGWAY, KoBERT, Olney, III.: 7
plants, Carex, from Illinois (64148).

RIFE, Charles II., U. S. Naval Sta-
tion, Guantanamo, Cuba : Specimens
of plants from Cuba (63866, 64498,
64971).

KKJCS, R. A., Kanab, Utah: Archeo-
logieal objects found in a cave in
Cottonwood Canyon, Kane County,
Utah (8 specimens) (63814).

RIKSMUSEETS, BOTANISKE AX-
I>ELN1NG, VETNESKAPSAKADE-
MIEN (See under Stockholm,
Sweden).

RITSCHEL, William, New York City
(through the Government Loan
Organization. New Y'ork City) :
I'ainting by the donor entitled " The
Surrender of the German Fleet "
(65144).

ROBERTSON, Dr. CHARiJis, Carlin-
ville, 111.: 18 fossorial Hymenoptera,
representing 14 species, 3 of which
have been described as new (64154).

ROBINSON, T. R., Terra Ceia, Fla. : 7
living plants. Cacti (64525).

ROBINSON, Col. AViRT, U. S. Army,
Military Academy, West Point, N.
Y. : llunniiingbird, Aithtinis pohj-
t III Its vciiuliis, from Jamaica, new
to the collections (63944).

ROGEItS, :viajor General H. L.,
Quartermaster General, U. S. Army,
Washington, D. O. : German officer's
tield ai:tillery ]ieriscope, and Luger
automatic pistol with holster, car-
tridge clip and screw driver; also 4
photographs and 8 small fragments
of the Zeiiiiclin L-49 (17 specimens)
(63986) ; a German message shell,
complete, of the type tised during the
lOuropean War, 1914-1918 (64294) ;
Uhlan helmet of the type used dur-
ing the World War, 1914-1918
(65069). Loan.

ROOT AND SIMPSON, Denver, Col.
(through Mr. Charles W. Hender-
son). A specimen of cylindrite from
Bolivia (64716).

ROSE, Dr. J. N.. U. S. National
Museum : 8 plants from New Jer-
sey (64418).

1{(^SE. J S., Liberty, Union County,
Ind. : Fiuigns, HinJnum eriiiacciiiii,
from Indiana (04:^88).

ROSEN. Chakles F., New Hope, Pa.
(liirough the Government Loan Or-
ganization, New York City) : I'aint-
ing by the donor entitled " The
Marines Attack" (65143).

ROSEN, H. R. ( See \mder Fayetteville,
Ark., Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion).

liOST, E. C, Alhambra, Calif: Speci-
men of plant (Howers of Eclilno-
(■ficlits (iiuxohH, and 4 plants (64071,
64823, exchange) ; 3 cacti. Opiintia,
from California (64361) ; plant,
1J( Itiiiocactii'i ciiliiidrdceotix (64917),

ROULAND. OuLAM)0. New York City
(through the Government Loan Or-
ganization. New York City) : I'or-
trait by the donor of a soldier in a
wlieel chair (04398).

ROWLEE, Prof. W. W., Cornell Uni-
versity, Department of Botany,
Ithaca, N. Y. : 78 plants, chielly ferns
and gras.ses. from Panama and Cen-
tral America (64216); 216 plants
from Central America (64778. ex-
change).

ROWLETT, Mrs. S. C, Randolph, Va. :
3 plants collected in Virginia
(04040).

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

181

KOWZIE, Mrs. W. B., ■\Vushi115rton, D.
G.: 18 snakes ami 1 tisli collected
pnrtly by the donor in Ivsipiiahan-
nock and Loudoun Counties, Vir-
ginia (03912).

HUNGIUS, Carl, New York City
(through the Government Loan Or-
ganization, New York City) : Paint-
ing I)y the donor entitled "Bringing
up the Guns" (65141).

RUSSIAN GE0<;RA1'MICAL SOCI-
ETY. EAST SIBERIAN SEC-
TION OF, Irkutsk, Siberia: 5 pho-
tographs of an Urentkhaiski shaman
and his wife (OoOTO, excluuige).

HUTU, Ai,b1':kt, Bolyteclinie, Tex.; OS
plants from Texas (64487).

RYDER, Chauncey F., \Vilton. N. H.
(through the Government Loan (Or-
ganization, New York Ciiy) : Paint-
ing by the donor entitled " Chateau
Thierry" (65172).

SABINE, William, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada: A small lot of obsidian
chips, flakes and arrowpoints, 8
clay heads, an obsidian core, and a
clay spindlewhoi-1, collected by Mr.
C. C. Kippen (649:^4).

SANCHEZ, Dr. Makio. St.. Havana,
Cuba: 109 Cuban inolhisks (G3S71.
MOm. G4923) ; mollusk. Af/riodc'^nKt
sjvcics, from Cuba (G501S).

SAN DIEGO NATURAL HISTORY
SOCIETY, San Dieg«., Calif.: 12
crustaceans 3 species, from Califor-
nia (04340).

SAO PAULO, Brazil, MUSEU PAU-
LISTA (through ]Mr. Alfonso d"E.
Taunay, Director) : 2 echinoderms,
1 sipuiiculid worm, 1 mai-ine annel-
Icid, 12 amphlpod cnislaf-eans. 8 iso-
pod crustaceans, and 2 tanaid ci-usta-
reans from Brazil (04523).

SAUNDERS. J. T. (See under Cali-
foi-nia Polytechnic; School).

SAVAGE, M. F., New York City : Sil-
ver tablespoon made during the Co-
lonial period by .Tames Turner
(64221) ; sacrificial knife for circum-
cision found on the site of the tem-
ple at .Tcnisiilcm (()42.34) ; 2 silver
teaspoons made by .Tames Turner
about 1700 (04010).

SCHAFFNER, Prof. John H., Depart-
ment of Botany, C^hio State Univer-
sity, (.'olumbus, Ohio: 2 plants,
Kqidftctiinu from Kansas ((54218).

SCHALLER, Dr. W. T. (See under
]{ev. N. P. M. Corn).

SCHIEFFELIN AND COISIPANY, New
Yolk City : oflicial pharmaceutical
preparations of cinchona px'oducts
( 64752 L

SCHLUTER, RiciiAKi) V., New York
City (through the (Jovernment Loan
Organization, New York City) : 4
paintings by the donor entitled " Vic-
torious Return of our Battle Fleet."
•' Destroyer (iJoing to the Rescue,"
" The Leviathan Returning with the
27th Division," and " Victims of tlie

. Submarine" (64344).

S(;HMII), Edwaki) S., Washington,
D. C. : 13 Tovi paroquets, Broto-
(/(lis jii;iiihiris and a weaver bird,
Pofphihi III ira bills ((>3830. 63943,
(53054) ; 4 Cuban parrots (64031,
64229. 64264, 64477) ; Amazon par-
rot, Ai)ia;iO)ia ijonniiicnsls (64003) ;
2 eggs of macaw, Am arardniia
(64128) ; 2 Brazilian monkeys
(041(54) : 4 paroquets, Brotogeris
i-Jrcscrns, and 2 Eurojieau goldfinch,
Cortliiclls CO id IK I Is (64357, 64478,
64812): 25 birds (64702, 64726,
64955, (55047. (55053).

SCKULZ, Miss Ellkn D.. San Anto-
nio, Tex. : 370 plants frorii Texas
and Oklahoma (64185, 64485, 64549,
64689, 640(r2, 64067, (54343, 65010), 9
))lants, (3 cacti) ((54913, 65034).

SCHWARTZ, ANDiiLw T., New York
City (through the C.ovei'nment Luan
Organization, New York City) :
Painting by the donor entitled "The
First American Shell" (65168).

SCHWARZ, Dr. E. A.. I'. S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. : 7 specimens of Diptera
((53908) ; colUM-tieii of approxinnitely
5770 miscellaneous inse<-ts (64306).

SC1D:M0RE, :Miss Ei.iza IUhaxiah,
(.'are, American Consulate General,
Yokohoma. .Tapan: 35 favors given
at .Tapanese dii)lomatic dinners, 3
Nabeshima iilates and a bronze jar,
Japan ((35017, loan).

182

EEPORT or XATIOXAT^ MUSEUM, l!>20.

S( OLLICK, J. W., U. S. National Mu-
.st'Uiii : (■> ironstone concretious siuui-
latiiiii fo^sU.s (63SSG).

SKIGLE. W. I., Pi-esideul, Norton
I.alKiratoi-ies, New York City
(lliroui,4i :Mr; F. L. Hess) : 3 cast-
iniis and 2 rcnls of metallic niaK-
nesiuni (64277).

SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES,
('0:\i:\nTTEE on COiUMEllCE
(through Hon. W. E. Jones, Cliair-
niaii) : Model of steam fi-eighter
'•Shohokin"' built at Hog Island, 1919
((M92S, transfer).

SHANNON, IOarl Y., U. S. National
iluseum : 2 specimens of gedrite
friiia ( 'hestertield, Massachusetts, de-
scrilietl by the donor (64217) ; 3
si.cciniriis of siilimanite, variety
huchoizile from Ilussell, ilassa-
chusetts, (64278) ; 150 specimens of
rocks and minerals from various lo-
calities in Connecticut (64290).

SHEAR, C. L., Bureau of Plant Indus-
try, U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture-. ^\'aslllngton. D. C. : Plant from
Yirginia (63836).

SHELTOX, lialeigh T., Passapatan/y,
Ya. (through 1>. W. Ellis, Cherry-
dale. Yirginla) : A coral from the
Miocene rocks of Yirginia ((j4061).

SHEI'HEIID COMPANY, Theouosia
P... Yentura, Calif.: 14 cacti (64074,
excliange).

SHEPPIERD, Wauiiex J., Los Angeles,
Calif. : Photograph of the donor as a
recipient of the Army Medal of
Honor for distinguished galantry in
action at El Caney, Cuba, July 1,
189S (63964).

SHERFF, Eakl E., Chicago, HI.: 4
plants from Illinois (64115).

SHTDELER, Prof. W. H., Miami Uni-
versity, Oxford, Ohio : GO fossil os-
tracods and l)ryozoans from the
Richmond group of Ohio (64979. ex-
change).

SHIPPY, N. D., Kingman, Ariz. Speci-
men of cyauite from near Ogilby,
California (64893).

SHREYE, Dr. Forkest, Desert Labor-
atory, Tucson, Ariz.: I'lant, }f(nn-
mUUnia (64894).

SHUFELDT, Dr. It. W., V. S. Army
(retired). AYashington, D. C. : liz-
ard, Sccloporus iindulatus, and 3
eggs of a spotted tm'tle, Chelopus
{/uttaUis; also a young wood-tortoiso,
Clonniiji^ iii'iculpfiK all from the Di.s-
tricl of Columbia (6:i941, 64373) ; 5::
(males and females) of Fall web-
worm moths, Hijphuntria Icxtor
(639.55) ; 10 specimens of I'dpilio
turuus and 2 specimens of P. troiln-f
(640.38) ; spider from Florida
(644.55) ; .skeleton of the monkey-
eating eagle, Pithecophafia jcfferi/i,
from the I'lulippines (64809) ; a[>-
proximately 35 insects from the vi-
cinity of Washington, D. C. (G.".t>5tl).
(See also under Capt S. A. Whili-).

SHUFELDT. ilrs. R. W., AYashiiigion.
D. C. : Specimen of lizard, Plestiti-
(lon fasciatiis, from the I.>istrict of
Columbia (6::i940).

SHUMAX, R. D., I'liiladelphia. Pa.:
Commemorative badge of the Logan,
Pennsylvania, Fourth of July Cele-
bration, 1919 (04.5.53).

SKEELS, H. C, U. S. Department of
Agi-iculture. AYashington. D. C. : An
orchid from AYasliington, D. C
(6.3799).

SKIXXEU, Henky, Academy of Natu-
ral Sciences. Philadelphia. I'a.: .5i>
butterflies (6-5098).

SLADEN, Dr. F. "\\'. L., Ottawa, Can-
ada : 5 wasps (64.581. exchange).

SLATER, Mrs. H. D., Lorton, Ya. :
Plant from Yirginia (64175).

SillTH, Dr. Hugh :M., Bureau of Fisli-
eries, AVashington, D. C. : 15 sponges,
10 tlat-worm.s, 1 freshwater oligo-
chaete. 30 leeches and leech capsules,
10 cladocera, 4 amphipods, 40 nu>l-
lu.sks, 5 insects, 3 batrachians, 1
nuunmal and 5 plants, collected by
the donor in Yellow.stone National
I'ark during the summer of 1919
(04196).

SMITH, Rev. ilir.r.ARi) H., Young Har-
ris. Ca. : Collection of arrowpoints,
etc., and fragments of pottery
(0,3897).

LTST OF ACCESSIONS.

183

SMITH. N. II., New Loiulon, Comi. :
Letter written by Lieutenant Nii-
tluuuel Fanning, U. S. Nav.v. to his
wife Elizabetli Fannin?;-, Aujrnst S,
1804 (G4434).

S,A[ITH.S(>XI.\N INSTITUTION :

Bronze I'eplica of the modal pre-
sented by Ambrose Swasey to
tlie Rowfaut Club. Cleveland.
Ohio, in commemoration of the
services of John Hay (64161) ;
"Classical Bouquet " ( with
carved wood cover), l)eing a
Greek album containing; dried
flowers fi'om Hellas and verses
from the ancient authors, pre-
])ared by ^liss Elizabeth B.
Contaxaki for the Paris Expo-
sition of IS.j.") and presented b.v
her, through ^Ir. Charles S.
Spence and Hon. Lewis Cass.
Secretary of State, to the Smith-
R o n i a n Institution (G44S9) ;
bronze medal commemorating,
1920, the fortieth anniversary
of the founding of the Warner
and Swasey Company, Cleve-
land, Ohio (6o0o2) : 7 prints
(6r)004).
i^iiiilliso)iian Afiicaii E.rprilitioii
under tlic lUrciiion of Edininid
HcUcr iu Conjunction irifh llic
Unirersal Film Mann fad uriny
Com pan ij; llo mammals. 126
l)i rds, 11 reptiles, 2 insects,, and
16 ethnological specimens col-
lected in Africa (65030).
Bureau of American EfJinolof/ii ;
Arclieological objects collected in
Cottonwood Canyon. Kane
County, Utah, by Mr. Neil M.
.Tudd during the spring of 1919
(257 objects) (63841) ; 748 ar-
clieological objects and skeletal
remains collected' for the Bureau
by ^Ir. Gerard Fowke from ■Nlil-
' ler's Cave, Missouri, during the
spring of 1919 (641.10) : arclie-
ological collection, including hu-
■ man bones, from Sell's r.nd

Bell's caves. Pulaski County.
Mis.souri, also I'm-u ardi'd by Mr.
Fowke (64198) ; ai-clieological

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION —

Continued.

material from Texas, gathered
from the surface by Dr. J. Wal-
ter Fewkes and Prof. J. E.
Pearce during the autuum of
1919 (165 specimens) (G424S) ;
sculptured stones of Huastec
<-idture )»resented to the Bureau
by Mr. .b.hn :\[. iluir of Tani-
pico. Mexico (o specimens)
(64249) : 3 tine hardwood bows
and 3 ceremonial clubs from
British (Uiiana, also a blanket
of the Cowichan Indians (Sal-
ish), Northwest Coast (04327) ;
collection of arclieological and
ethnological objects and skeletal
material (ibtained in Ariziuia
during tlie spring of 1919 liy Dr.
Walter Hough (64603) ; collec-
tion of arclieological objects in-
cluding 2 human skulls, made !ty
Dr. .1. Walter Fewkes at Scpuire
Tower House and contiguous
ruins on the Mesa Verde Na-
tional Park. Colorado, in coop-
eration with the National Park
Service of the Interior Deparr-
meiit. in 1919 (214 .specimens)
(64646) ; arclieological objects
(446 specimens) and skeletal
material collected by Mr. J. .\.
.leancon in an ancient ruin near
Abiquiu, New MeSico, for ^Ir.
Otto T. Mallery during the suiii-
mer of l9l9, and presented tn
the Bureau of American Eth-
nologj- by Mr. Mallery (6488.").
National ^[usell?n, collected h}i
mcmhera of the fitaffs: Bariscli,
Paul, 2 landshells, 2 species,
from Cupid's Bower Island.
Maryland (6.38.j4. Bassler, K.
S. : 12 large exhibition slabs.
3 containing fossil plants, and
.jOO invertebrate fossils from
the Ordovician rocks of Indiana
(6.38.36). Boone, Miss Pearl L. :
17 landshells, 4 specie.s, from
Alexandria, Virginia (6.38.~>3i :
Foshag, William F. : A small
collection of minerals from Tin'
Tilly Foster Mine, Brewster,

184

REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUJM, li>20.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION —

Coniimif-0.

New York (04377). Godbold,
Leonard L. : 9 lizanls, 1 teira-
)iin, 1 stiako, 2 frogs, 1 snapping
tnrilo. turih> shell, and a small
vial of isopods (G4245). IMar-
shall, William B. and H. C.
Ihiven: About 100 land and
fi'osh water niolhisks, 12 species,
from the vicinity of Chain
Bridge, D. C. (638,">.j). Marshall,
AVilliam B., N. C. Wyckoff, C.
M. Hoy, and A. J. Poole : About
700 land and freshwater mol-
lusks from the District of Co-
lumbia and vicinity (63852).
]\Iaxon, William K., and Ells-
worth P. Killlp: 3000 plants
from Jamaica ; also specimens
of woods, birds, insects, reptiles
and bats (64906). Standley, Paul
C. ; 4200 plants from Glacier Na-
tional Park, :\Iontana (6407.j) ;
"Walcott, Charles D. ; About 10(t0
land and freshwater shells. 7
si)ecies, collected by Nathaniel
AVyckoff at Banff, Alberta, Can-
ada ; skin and skull of a moun-
tain goat, skull of a coyote, skull
of a porcupine, and skulls of 2
martens, all from Alberta, Can-
ada (64144, 6416".).
yntiorwl Musctiiii. oJitoincd hii pur-
chase: 2 enlarged photographs
of Knight's restorations of Bron-
lotherium and Tylosaurus, and
ft model restoration of masto-
don (64470): 2 bronze replicas
each iif the following connnem-
orative medals issued by the
American Numismatic Society:
International Celebration of In-
dependence I>ay 1918, the
Treaty of Peace with Germany,
1919. and the visit of the Prince
of Wi.les to tlie I'nited States,
1919 (64016, 64490) ; 2 bnmze
replicas of the medal by J. P.
Legastelois commemorating the
services of General John J.
Pershing during the war with
Germany (64237); pair of en-
graver's calipers (64050) ; 100

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION —

Continued.

plants collected in Mexico by Dr.
C. A. Purpas (64568) ; a 3320
gram piece of meteoric iron
(64530) ; medicine man's head-
dross of bear claws and rpiilis,
Nass River Indian.s, British
Columbia (64352) ; 50 North
Amei'ican algae (Fascicle XTA'I
of the Phycotheca Boreali
Americana) (64271) ; a lot of
cliii»ped rhyolitc and quartzite
implements found on the farm
of Joseph Collins, near Tennally-
town, D. C. (6465,8") ; foreign
postage stamps is.sued during
the World War, 1914-1919
(1174 specimens) (63818. 639S4,
64404, 64405, 64400, 64r,()0.
65008) ; a .specimen of fossil
wood from Kentucky (64339) ;
300 plants from Soutli Carolina
(64615) ; 329 plants from Ugan'-
da (64516, 64541, 64667) ; 325
plants from Tuolumne County,
California (6-1255) ; print <!i-
titled " Scrap of Paper," show-
ing a translation and facsimile
of signatures from the original
treaty of 1831 guaranteeing the
independence and neutrality of
Belgium, the abrogation of
which by (ierniauy resulted in
the entry of Great Britain into
the World War. 1914 (64457) ;
2 specimens of minerals, artinite
and demantoid garnet (64642) ;
11 eggs from the Pribilof Islands
(64877) ; 360 plants, chiefly
from California (64635) ; 25
plants (65068) ; 11 Kinderhook
fossils (64566) ; approximately
100 insects from Mexico
(65061); carved stone zen)6
found in a cave near Moca,
Porto liico (64197) ; 57-^ Ar-
gentine plants (from Goberna-
cion do P'ormosa) (64321) ; 164
Ilia Ills from the Andes of Peru
(64614) ; a collection of cal-
careous concretions (64659) ; 8
plaster busts of early man
(64492) ; a collection compris-

LIST or ACCESSIONS.

185

SMITIISONIAX INSTITrTIOX —

• 'ciHiaued.

ins 50 speciiiu'iis of minerals
(«>4192); 25 Dcvouiiin fossils
li-oni western New York
(f..'iSS5) ; 20 Devonian fossils
(04203) ; 241 plaiils from iioitli-
western Maine (05040) ; 120
plants from Alaska (64033);
25{M» i)inne(l tlies (042.S1); sil-
v(-r and bronze couimemoralive
medals and military decorations
of Belfiinm, France, <!reat Brit-
ain, Holland. Italy, Montenegro,
Itniimania, Serbia, and Switzer-
land, issued dnring the 'World
War, 1914-1918 (93 specimens)
(03957) ; silver and bronze com-
iiiHiiKii'ative medals and military
<lecorations of Belgium, France,
«;reat Britain, Greece, Holland,
Italy. ^Montenegro. Roumania,
Bussia, Serbia, and Switzer-
land, issued during tlie AVorld
War. 1914-1918 (45 specimens)
((HIGO) ; British military medal
. und Britisli and French com-
memorative medals issued dur-
ing tlie World War, 1914-1918
(G specimens) (64335) ; decora-
tion of the Order of ^lilitary
Virtue of Roumania. and Mili-
tary :Medal of ]\Iontenegro
(64470) ; bronze silver medal
fur tlie Commission for Relief
in Belgium issued during the
World War, 1914-1918 (G487S) ;
Nubian c e r e n] o n i a 1 dress
(65089) ; skin of a bear, Ursus
cm 1)10)1 sii, from R e v e 1 s t o k o.
British Columbia (64018).
K()tio)i(iI Mnscu))), dxxIc i» A)i-
Ihtopologicul Luboi<ito))j: Plas-
ter cast of a one-armed ban-
nerstone of banded slate from
Ohio, original the property of
Mr. Norman E. Chance, Tacoma,
Washington (64231) ; plaster
cast of a terra cotta liead from
Lower ^Mexico or Yucatan
oiiginal the property of Robert
W. Lull, Newlmryport, Ma.'^sa-
.Inisetts (64232) ; plaster ca.st of
a t\ii-ved bannerstone of bantled

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION —
Continued.

slate from Illinois, original the
l)i-operty of Mr. G. Truman
Cha.<e, Jackson, Illinois (64238) ;
plaster casts of 32 Oriental
seals, made from originals which
are the property of Mrs. Talcott
Williams (3 negative and 3 posi-
tive impressions of each)
(64328) ; plaster casts (3
copies) of a "magic" stone
tube, the original of which is in
the possession of Mr. J. E.
Moire, Princess Anne, Mary-
land, and was found at Drum-
monds Lake, Parksley, Virginia
(64307) ; 10 plaster casts of tre-
phined Peruvian skulls, the
originals of which are Nos. 1, 2,
4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 18. 19 of the
IVIanual Antonio Muniz Collec-
tion, now the property of the
National :\ruseum (04392);
plaster cast in duplicate of a
small stone image from Panama
lent to the ^Museum by the Hon,
Anthony .T. Grifhn of New York
City for copying (044.59) ; plas-
ter cast, in duplicate, of a
carved soapstoue " wolf " pipe
found in Tennessee near the
Kentucky line in 1849 and lent
to the National Museum for
copying by Mr. L. A. Kiefer, of
Indianapolis, Indiana (64469) ;
pliister cast, in duplicate, of a
stone saw or scraper found in a <
cliff-dwelling on Oack Creeiv,
White ^Mountain Apache Reser-
vation, .\i-izona (04783) ; plaster
cast of the bust of Benjamin
Franklin by Guiseppe Ceracchi
(with pedestal) (65093).

Xotio)i(il Miiscin)), made in the
Lahoratorn of the Division of
Te.it lies: ]\Iodel of oil of pepper-
mint stills, showing condenserg
and receivers (64898).

^'(itio)U)l Zoological 1'(i)k: Skin
and skull of a tapir, Topirus
tc'nr-'<tris (03995) ; skin and
skull of a deer, Odocoiletis
(63996) ; skin, skeleton and head

186

EEPOrvT or XATIONAL MUSl'A'M, V-i'lO.

8MlTHf>0NIAX INSTITUTION —

C'oillilUKMl.

of :i wombat, Phascohnin/s
hiilclicUl (64129) ; reniviaii
i,'uinea pig, and a youug Siberian
tiger (G4172) ; suako, Ahastor
cri/IItrogranuinis (G4241) ; slcele-
ton of a bear, Ursiis thibctans
(64497) ; gila monster, Ilelo-
(Jcnna sHSpcctum (64529) ; slcvill,
slcin and skeleton of a liyena.
Hyaena hnonica ; niDiikey,
Lusiopyga mona (alcoholic), and
skin and skull of a zebra, Equiis
grevyi, (64543) ; 12 specimens of
Itirds (64741) ; water rat, Myo-
caslor vopyus, and a Soutli
American cat, Fclis tigrhia, from
Brazil (64757) ; ocelot, monkey,
Patagonian cavy and Central
American paca (64S67) ; South
American monkey, Cacajo
inchnioccijlialus (65015) ; dia-
mond python from Au>Jtr:ilia
(65037).

(See also under Lewis T.
Miller).
SINIITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND
DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR :
421 archeological objects and tlie
skeleton of a child collected by Mr.
Neil M. .Tudd during the spring of
1917 in con)iection \Yith the preserva-
tion and repair of Betatakin ruin,
Navaho National ^lonument. Arizona
(64.5S6).
SNYDER, ^Mrs. Ellison Van Loon,
Santa Barbara, Calif, (through Dr.
W. H. Dall) : :\Iollusk, Conns caU-
fornicHs, darlc mutation, from La
.ToUa, California (64.316).
SNYDER, T. E., U. S. Department of
Agriculture, AVashington, -D. C. : 7
.species of Odonata, including 1 male
and 1 female of Anadlongipcs
(63934).
SOLIS. Dr. OcTAVio, Mexico (Mix, :Mex-
ico: 20 plants (64731).

SOUTH AFRICA, UNION OF, DE-
PARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
PRETORIA (through Mr. E. Percy
Phillips) : 93 plants from South
Africa (64668, exchange).

SOUTHERN BIOLOGICAL SirP-
PLY COMPANY, INCORPORATED,

THE, New Orleans. La. (through
IVrcy Yiosca, jr.) : 9 sea anemones,
presumably from off Louisiana
(64735).

ASSOCIATION,
Specimen pieces

SOUTHERN PINE
New Orleans, La. :
of soutliern yellow pine lumber
showing four of its uses (64956) ;
20 photographs showing the steps in
southern pine lumbering operations
(65002).

SPALDING, Dr. .Tames A.. Portland,
ISIe. : Copy of the Life of Dr. Ly-
man Spalding, the Originator of
the United States Pharmacopooia
(64682).

SPENCE, GKoRCiK, I'ine Grove, ^Nlonton,
Lancastershire, England (through
IMr. .John B. Hender.son) : MolUisk
(cotype) of Biachypodclla iiidicoji-

lata, from limestone cliffs. Yenc-

ziiela (63904).

SPENGLER, Major .T. H., U. S. Army,
Quartermaster's Corp.s, Wasliington,
D. C. : Cap and pistol holster worn
)\y Ca])tain Connuandant Five, IMedi-
cal Service,